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Lifeguarding > First Aid > Flashcards

First Aid Flashcards

1
Q

Signs of Shock

A 
pale, cool, clammy skin
restlessness, weakness
fear
anxiety
blue coloured lips or nails
confused
shallow/rapid breathing
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2
Q

Treatment for Shock

A 
WARTS
Warmth 
ABC's
Rest and reassurance
Treatment (what caused the shock?)
Semi-prone position
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3
Q

Airway obstruction

A

Signs: choking, unconscious?
Treatment: “Are you choking?”, ABC’s, abdominal thrusts

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4
Q

Anaphylaxis

A 
Signs: rash, itchy, wheezing, swelling face
Treatment: 
EPIPEN?
maintain open airway
check circulation, start CPR if needed
-CALL EMS
-treat for shock
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5
Q

Signs of Aspiration

A 
coughing
raspy breathing
pain in chest
nausea
distress, anxiety
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6
Q

Treatment for aspiration

A 
-> When liquid enters the airway
COUGH
keep open airway, CPR if needed
* Advise medical attention, can still affect them 72 hours after
Treat for shock
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7
Q

Asthma

A 
Signs: trouble breathing, anxiety
Treatment: 
Help victim into comfortable position
Help them take meds if they have any
Treat for shock
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8
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Over-breathing
Treatment:
Maintain open airway, CPR if needed
Treat for shock

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9
Q

Respiratory distress

A

Signs: over-breathing, anxiety
Treatment:
Maintain open airway, CPR if needed
Treat for shock

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10
Q

Signs of an Angina

A 
pain, pressure on chest/shoulder
flushed face
shortness of breath
anxiety
shock
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11
Q

Treatments for Angina

A

Keep open airway
Contact EMS
Help victim into comfortable position (SEMI SITTING, keeps up)
Encourage victim to take meds (ASA, etc.)
Treat for shock

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12
Q

Signs of a Heart Attack

A 
pain, pressure in chest/shoulder
pain in arms, neck, back or jaw
trouble breathing
flushed face, sweating
anxiety
rapid pulse
denial of symptoms 
shock
nausea and weakness
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13
Q

Treatment of a Heart Attack

A 
Maintain open airway
CALL EMS
Help victim into semi-sitting position 
Encourage ASA tablet
Treat for shock
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14
Q

Signs of Cardiac Arrest

A

NO pulse
unconsciousness, unresponsive
shock
sudden onset

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15
Q

Treatment for Cardiac Arrest

A

CALL EMS
start CPR immediately
treat for shock

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16
Q

Signs of a stroke

A 
head pain
lack of strength on one side
facial problems
trouble understanding speech or speaking
unequal pupils
anxiety 
confused
shock
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17
Q

Treatment of a stroke

A

Maintain open airway, CPR if needed
CALL EMS
help victim into semi-sitting position
treat for shock

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18
Q

Bleeding

A

Treatment: RED
Rest affected area
Elevate body part
Direct pressure on the wound tie knot overtop of wound

Treat for shock
Call EMS if there is a lot of blood loss

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19
Q

Signs of Internal Abdominal Bleeding

A 
Abdominal muscle spasm
Pain in abdomen
Trouble breathing
Shock
Anxiety
Decreased consciousness
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20
Q

Treatment for Internal Abdominal Bleeding

A

Maintain open airway, CPR if needed
CALL EMS
Treat for shock

21
Q

Nosebleed

A

Pinch nose where soft nostril meets cartilage
Treat for shock
Contact EMS if it lasts for more than a few minutes or if it recurs

22
Q

Head injuries

A 
** Spinal related signs/symptoms
Maintain open airway
CALL EMS
Treat area for bleeding, swelling, bruising
Treat for shock
23
Q

Spinal injuries

A

Maintain open airway
Immobilize the head and body in alignment
Treat obvious trauma
CALL EMS

24
Q

Chest wounds

A 
Maintain open airway
Immobilize the head and body in alignment 
Treat obvious trauma 
CALL EMS
Protect and support injured area
Treat for shock
25
Q

Bites

A

Control bleeding
Seek medical assistance (infection)
Treat for shock

26
Q

Eye injuries

A

Treat for shock
DO NOT remove object
If something is floating in eye, try flushing it out with water
If chemicals are the cause, flush eye with running water for 15 minutes
CALL EMS
Bandage eye

27
Q

Burns

A

Maintain open airway
Flush burned area with col water (NOT ice)
Repeat until victim notes the heat has subsided
Treat for shock
Call EMS if the burn is big, or on the face, neck

28
Q

2nd Degree Burns

A

Blisters, redness, swelling

Maintain open airway
Flush area with cool water (NOT ice)
Repeat until heat subsides 
Apply dry, sterile dressing to wound (bandages between each finger, toe)
Treat for shock
CALL EMS
29
Q

3rd Degree Burns

A

Through skin to muscles, bones, nerves, black, grey tissue

Maintain open airway
CALL EMS
Flush area with cool water (NOT ice)
Repeat until heat subsides 
Apply dry, sterile dressing to wound (bandages between each finger, toe)
Treat for shock
30
Q

Hypoglycemia - not enough sugar in body

A 
Pale, cold, clammy skin
Weakness
Anxiety
Cyanosis of lips/nails
Medical ID

Treatment: Open airway, help victim take sugar, treat for shock

31
Q

Hyperglycemia - too much sugar in body

A

Flushed, dry skin
Drowsiness
Excessive thirst
Acetone smell (nail polish remover)

Treatment: Open airway, treat for shock

32
Q

Seizures

A

Clear area to prevent more injuries
DO NOT place anything between victims teeth
CALL EMS
After seizure: assess victim, ABC’s

33
Q

Near-drowning

A

Maintain open airway
CALL EMS
Treat for shock

34
Q

Water intoxication (in children under 1 year)

A

After water has been swallowed
Nausea, vomiting, seizures, lethargy

Maintain open airway
CALL EMS
Treat for shock

35
Q

Fainting

A

Maintain open airway
Identify and control fainting cause
Treat for shock

36
Q

Signs of Poisoning

A 
Stomach pains, cramps
Coughing
Vomiting
Rash, blisters
Changes in behaviour
Headache
37
Q

Treatment for Poisoning

A 
Maintain open airway
CALL EMS
Contact Poison Control Center for help
Induce vomiting if the label recommends
Treat for shock

When possible put poison and container into clear plastic bag

38
Q

Heat Cramps

A 
*Pain in muscle*
Remove from hot environment
Get cool water to drink
Stretch cramp
Advise the victim to eat (restore depleted body salt)
Treat for shock
39
Q

Heat Exhaustion

A

Remove from hot environment
Get cool water to drink
Advise the victim to eat (restore depleted body salt)
Treat for shock

40
Q

Heatstroke

A

*Seizures, decreased consciousness, pounding pulse
Maintain open airway
CALL EMS
Remove from hot environment
Remove outer layer of clothing
Cool their body core (neck, head, chest, back, groin)
Treat for shock

41
Q

Frostbite

A

Remove from cold environment

Heat affected areas

42
Q

Hypothermia

A 
Maintain open airway
CALL EMS
Remove victim from cold environment 
Warm body core - give hot beverages, wrap in blankets
Treat for shock
43
Q

Bruising

A

Ice injury for 15 minutes every hour until swelling goes away

44
Q

Sprains and Strains

A 
RICE:
Rest
Immobilization
Cold
Elevate

CALL EMS
Treat for shock

45
Q

Closed Fractures

A 
RICE:
Rest
Immobilization
Cold
Elevate

CALL EMS
Treat for shock
Assess pulse & movement

46
Q

Open Fractures

A 
*DO NOT MOVE VICTIMS 
Rest affected part
Place clean bandage over exposed bone
Ice injury (AVOID wetting the open wound)
CALL EMS
Treat for shock
47
Q

Dislocations

A 
Rest
Ice
Support affected area
CALL EMS
Treat for shock
48
Q

Muscle Cramps

A

Stretch muscle slowly
Gently massage along length of muscle
Apply mild heat

Lifeguarding (4 decks)

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