First Aid

Question 1

Signs of Shock

Answer 1

pale, cool, clammy skin
restlessness, weakness
fear
anxiety
blue coloured lips or nails
confused
shallow/rapid breathing

Question 2

Treatment for Shock

Answer 2

WARTS
Warmth 
ABC's
Rest and reassurance
Treatment (what caused the shock?)
Semi-prone position

Question 3

Airway obstruction

Answer 3

Signs: choking, unconscious?
Treatment: “Are you choking?”, ABC’s, abdominal thrusts

Question 4

Anaphylaxis

Answer 4

Signs: rash, itchy, wheezing, swelling face
Treatment: 
EPIPEN?
maintain open airway
check circulation, start CPR if needed
-CALL EMS
-treat for shock

Question 5

Signs of Aspiration

Answer 5

coughing
raspy breathing
pain in chest
nausea
distress, anxiety

Question 6

Treatment for aspiration

Answer 6

-> When liquid enters the airway
COUGH
keep open airway, CPR if needed
* Advise medical attention, can still affect them 72 hours after
Treat for shock

Question 7

Asthma

Answer 7

Signs: trouble breathing, anxiety
Treatment: 
Help victim into comfortable position
Help them take meds if they have any
Treat for shock

Question 8

Hyperventilation

Answer 8

Over-breathing
Treatment:
Maintain open airway, CPR if needed
Treat for shock

Question 9

Respiratory distress

Answer 9

Signs: over-breathing, anxiety
Treatment:
Maintain open airway, CPR if needed
Treat for shock

Question 10

Signs of an Angina

Answer 10

pain, pressure on chest/shoulder
flushed face
shortness of breath
anxiety
shock

Question 11

Treatments for Angina

Answer 11

Keep open airway
Contact EMS
Help victim into comfortable position (SEMI SITTING, keeps up)
Encourage victim to take meds (ASA, etc.)
Treat for shock

Question 12

Signs of a Heart Attack

Answer 12

pain, pressure in chest/shoulder
pain in arms, neck, back or jaw
trouble breathing
flushed face, sweating
anxiety
rapid pulse
denial of symptoms 
shock
nausea and weakness

Question 13

Treatment of a Heart Attack

Answer 13

Maintain open airway
CALL EMS
Help victim into semi-sitting position 
Encourage ASA tablet
Treat for shock

Question 14

Signs of Cardiac Arrest

Answer 14

NO pulse
unconsciousness, unresponsive
shock
sudden onset

Question 15

Treatment for Cardiac Arrest

Answer 15

CALL EMS
start CPR immediately
treat for shock

Question 16

Signs of a stroke

Answer 16

head pain
lack of strength on one side
facial problems
trouble understanding speech or speaking
unequal pupils
anxiety 
confused
shock

Question 17

Treatment of a stroke

Answer 17

Maintain open airway, CPR if needed
CALL EMS
help victim into semi-sitting position
treat for shock

Question 18

Bleeding

Answer 18

Treatment: RED
Rest affected area
Elevate body part
Direct pressure on the wound tie knot overtop of wound

Treat for shock
Call EMS if there is a lot of blood loss

Question 19

Signs of Internal Abdominal Bleeding

Answer 19

Abdominal muscle spasm
Pain in abdomen
Trouble breathing
Shock
Anxiety
Decreased consciousness

Question 20

Treatment for Internal Abdominal Bleeding

Answer 20

Maintain open airway, CPR if needed
CALL EMS
Treat for shock

Question 21

Nosebleed

Answer 21

Pinch nose where soft nostril meets cartilage
Treat for shock
Contact EMS if it lasts for more than a few minutes or if it recurs

Question 22

Head injuries

Answer 22

** Spinal related signs/symptoms
Maintain open airway
CALL EMS
Treat area for bleeding, swelling, bruising
Treat for shock

Question 23

Spinal injuries

Answer 23

Maintain open airway
Immobilize the head and body in alignment
Treat obvious trauma
CALL EMS

Question 24

Chest wounds

Answer 24

Maintain open airway
Immobilize the head and body in alignment 
Treat obvious trauma 
CALL EMS
Protect and support injured area
Treat for shock

Question 25

Bites

Answer 25

Control bleeding Seek medical assistance (infection) Treat for shock

Question 26

Eye injuries

Answer 26

Treat for shock DO NOT remove object If something is floating in eye, try flushing it out with water If chemicals are the cause, flush eye with running water for 15 minutes CALL EMS Bandage eye

Question 27

Burns

Answer 27

Maintain open airway Flush burned area with col water (NOT ice) Repeat until victim notes the heat has subsided Treat for shock Call EMS if the burn is big, or on the face, neck

Question 28

2nd Degree Burns

Answer 28

*Blisters, redness, swelling* ``` Maintain open airway Flush area with cool water (NOT ice) Repeat until heat subsides Apply dry, sterile dressing to wound (bandages between each finger, toe) Treat for shock CALL EMS ```

Question 29

3rd Degree Burns

Answer 29

*Through skin to muscles, bones, nerves, black, grey tissue* ``` Maintain open airway CALL EMS Flush area with cool water (NOT ice) Repeat until heat subsides Apply dry, sterile dressing to wound (bandages between each finger, toe) Treat for shock ```

Question 30

Hypoglycemia - not enough sugar in body

Answer 30

``` Pale, cold, clammy skin Weakness Anxiety Cyanosis of lips/nails Medical ID ``` Treatment: Open airway, help victim take sugar, treat for shock

Question 31

Hyperglycemia - too much sugar in body

Answer 31

Flushed, dry skin Drowsiness Excessive thirst Acetone smell (nail polish remover) Treatment: Open airway, treat for shock

Question 32

Seizures

Answer 32

Clear area to prevent more injuries DO NOT place anything between victims teeth CALL EMS After seizure: assess victim, ABC's

Question 33

Near-drowning

Answer 33

Maintain open airway CALL EMS Treat for shock

Question 34

Water intoxication (in children under 1 year)

Answer 34

*After water has been swallowed* Nausea, vomiting, seizures, lethargy Maintain open airway CALL EMS Treat for shock

Question 35

Fainting

Answer 35

Maintain open airway Identify and control fainting cause Treat for shock

Question 36

Signs of Poisoning

Answer 36

``` Stomach pains, cramps Coughing Vomiting Rash, blisters Changes in behaviour Headache ```

Question 37

Treatment for Poisoning

Answer 37

``` Maintain open airway CALL EMS Contact Poison Control Center for help Induce vomiting if the label recommends Treat for shock ``` *When possible put poison and container into clear plastic bag*

Question 38

Heat Cramps

Answer 38

``` *Pain in muscle* Remove from hot environment Get cool water to drink Stretch cramp Advise the victim to eat (restore depleted body salt) Treat for shock ```

Question 39

Heat Exhaustion

Answer 39

Remove from hot environment Get cool water to drink Advise the victim to eat (restore depleted body salt) Treat for shock

Question 40

Heatstroke

Answer 40

*Seizures, decreased consciousness, pounding pulse Maintain open airway CALL EMS Remove from hot environment Remove outer layer of clothing Cool their body core (neck, head, chest, back, groin) Treat for shock

Question 41

Frostbite

Answer 41

Remove from cold environment | Heat affected areas

Question 42

Hypothermia

Answer 42

``` Maintain open airway CALL EMS Remove victim from cold environment Warm body core - give hot beverages, wrap in blankets Treat for shock ```

Question 43

Bruising

Answer 43

Ice injury for 15 minutes every hour until swelling goes away

Question 44

Sprains and Strains

Answer 44

``` RICE: Rest Immobilization Cold Elevate ``` CALL EMS Treat for shock

Question 45

Closed Fractures

Answer 45

``` RICE: Rest Immobilization Cold Elevate ``` CALL EMS Treat for shock Assess pulse & movement

Question 46

Open Fractures

Answer 46

``` *DO NOT MOVE VICTIMS Rest affected part Place clean bandage over exposed bone Ice injury (AVOID wetting the open wound) CALL EMS Treat for shock ```

Question 47

Dislocations

Answer 47

``` Rest Ice Support affected area CALL EMS Treat for shock ```

Question 48

Muscle Cramps

Answer 48

Stretch muscle slowly Gently massage along length of muscle Apply mild heat