First Flashcards
Sophomore
a student who is in the second year of study at a college or high school
Sniff
(v) to breathe air into your nose noisily, for example when you are crying or have a cold; to breathe air in through your nose in order to smell something;
Track Record
(n) All of a person’s or organization’s past achievements, successes, or failors which show how well they have done sth in the past and how well they are likely to do in the future.
We are looking for someone with a proven track record in selling advertising.
Solid
(adj) Hard or firm; Only one material; Continuouse without any spaces or breaks; Strongly made;
Sturdy
(adj) an object that is sturdy is strong, well made and not easily broken;
baseline
(n) 1- a standard measurement or fact against which other measurements or facts are compared, especially in medicine or science
2- the line at the back of the court in games such as tennis or volleyball
Replenish
(v) to put new supplies into something, or to fill something again;
A new batch of Astronaut Selection Program begins every year to replenish the training pool regularly.
Trailer
1- a vehicle that can be pulled behind another vehicle, used for carrying something heavy
2- an advertisement for a new film or television show
Payroll
(n) 1-on the payroll: if someone is on the payroll of a company, they are employed by that company
2-the activity of managing salary payments for workers in a company: the payroll department
3-the total amount of wages paid to all the people working in a particular company or industry
Show of hands
a vote taken by counting the raised hands of the people at the meeting
Go-Between
someone who takes messages from one person or group to another because the two sides cannot meet or do not want to meet
Fallacy
(n) 1: a false idea or belief, especially one that a lot of people believe is true
2: a weakness in someone’s argument or ideas which is caused by a mistake in their thinking
3: a mistaken belief, especially one based on unsound argument
Buzzword
a word or phrase from one special area of knowledge that people suddenly think is very important
Spoof
(n) a funny book, play, or film that copies something serious or important and makes it seem silly
Fealty
(n) loyalty to a king, queen etc
Seep
(v) to flow slowly through small holes or spaces (Blood seeped down his leg); To move or spread gradually ( His tension was seeping away )
Preposterous
Completely unreasonable or silly
Craze
A fashion, game, type of music etc that becomes very popular for a short time
Tact
(n) the ability to be careful about what you say or do, so that you do not upset or embarrass other people
Overshadow
(v) 1; to make someone or something else seem less important; 2-to make an occasion or period of time less enjoyable by making people feel sad or worried;
3-if a tall building, mountain etc overshadows a place, it is very close to it and much taller that it
Ensue
(v) to happen after or as a result of someting
Clumsy
(adj) 1-moving or doing things in a careless way, especially so that you drop things, knock into things etc -2- a clumsy object is not easy to use and is often large and heavy -3- a clumsy action or statement is said or done carelessly or badly, and likely to upset someone
Urbane
(adj) behaving in a relaxed and confident way in social situations
Overt
(adj) overt actions are done publicly, without trying to hide anything
secrete
(v) 1- if a part of an animal or plant secretes a liquid substance, it produces it; 2- (formal) to hide something; ( the money had been secreted in a Swiss bank account )
Strife
(n) trouble between two or more people or groups ( conflict)
Strive
(v) to make a great effort to achieve something ( we must continue to strive for greater efficiency )
So-called
(adj) used to describe someone or something that has been given a name that you think is wrong; 2- used to show that something or someone is usually called a particular name
Apprehension
(n) 1-Anxiety about the future, especially about dealing with something unpleasant or difficult ; 2- Understanding
Encroach
(v) 1- to gradually take more of someone’s time, possessions, rights etc than you should; 2- to gradually cover more and more land
Ailment
(n) an illness that is not very serious
Disprove
(v) to show that something is wrong or not true
Irrefutable
(adj) an irrefutable statement, argument etc cannot be proved to be wrong, and must be accepted
Versed
(adj) to know a lot about a subject, method etc ( be well versed in something )
hit the nail with the head
to be completely right about something
nail (n)
(n) hard material at the tip of the fingers
(n) a small piece of thin metal with one pointy end and another flat end, which is used to join generally wooden things to each other.
Nail (v)
1- to do something successfully
2- to catch someone, esp when they are doing something wrong
3- to fasten sth with nails
Line manager
the person who is directly responsible for managing the work of someone else in a company or business, and who is one level above the person.
Bust
(v) to break something
(v) when the police bust someone they arrest him, or when the police bust a place they arrest people in it who they believe they are breaking the law
(adj) broken: I think my watch is bust;
go bust: if a company goes bust, it is forced to close because it is financially unsuccessful
Kingpin
the most important person within a particular organization
Subordinate
a person who has a less important position than you in an organization
Jargon
Words and phrases used by particular groups of people, esp. in their work that are not generally understood
Mug
(v) to attack a person in a public place and steal their money: we were mugged in the street
(n) a large cup with straight sides used for hot drinks
(n) a person who is stupid and easily deceived
(n) someone’s face: his ugly mug
Sip
(n) a very small amount of a drink that you take into your mouth
(v) to drink, taking only a very small amount at a time
exp: this tea is very hot, so sip it carefully; she slowly sipped (at) her wine; he took a slow thoughtful sip of his coffee
Taser
a brand name for a weapon that gives someone a small electric shock and makes them unable to move for a short time, sometimes used by police
Decouple
to separate two or more things or activities, or to become separated
Scrap
a small piece of paper, cloth etc;
materials or objects that are no longer used for the purpose they were made for, but can be used again in another way: The equipment was sold for scrap;
Food scraps: pieces of food that are left after you have finished eating;
to decide not to use a plan or system because it is not practical: we believe that car tax should be scraped;
to get rid of an old machine, vehicle, etc. and use its parts in some other way: two aircraft carriers are being scraped this year.
Streak
a colored line, especially one that is not straight or has been made accidentally: sue has blonde streaks in her hair;
a part of someone’s character that is different from the rest of their character: a mean streak;
a period of time during which you continue to be successful or to fail: be on winning streak
School run
when parents drive children to school in the morning, or home from school in the afternoon.
Corn
plants such as wheat, barley, and oats or their seeds; a tall plant with large yellow seed that grow together …
Mill
a building containing a large machine for crushing grain into flour;
a factory that produces materials such as cotton, cloth …
a small machine for crushing coffee or pepper
Flawed
spoiled by having mistakes, weaknesses or by being damaged
Immerse
(v) to put someone or something deep into a liquid so that they are completely covered
Immerse yourself in something
to become completely involved in an activity
Compelling
an argument or etc that makes you feel certain that something is true or that you must do something about it;
very interesting or exciting, so that you have to pay attention;
a strong need or desire to do sth
hard-hitting
criticizing someone or sth in a strong and effective way
lowdown
the most important facts about sth
Mastery
thorough understanding or great skill
Underperform
if a business underperforms it does not make as much profit as it expected to make
Stagnate
to stop developing or making progress
Staggering
extremely great or surprising
the results were nothing but staggering
reservation
an area of land in the US kept separate for Native Americans
Painstaking
Extremely careful and correct, and involving a lot of effort.
It took months of painstaking research to write the book.
Mercenaries
A professional soldier hired to serve in a foreign army.
Some of Iran’s authorities publicly announced that they also did not have money to pay their mercenaries abroad.
Blast
Explode with explosive weapons,
Criticize someone harshly
Obama CIA director, blasts assassination of Iranian nuclear scientist.
Box
(v) to put something in a box,
To fight someone in the sport of boxing.
One holds that it is an IS attempt to box in President-elect Joe Biden before he takes office, making it impossible to rejoin the Iranian nuclear deal
Distraught
Extremely worried, nervous or upset
The missing child’s distraught parents made an emotional appeal for information on TV.
Sparse
Small in numbers or amount, often spread over a large area
Sparse Column
Straddle
to have or put your legs on either side of something:
To straddle something is also to be unable to decide which of two opinions about something is better, and so to partly support both opinions:
A third theory which straddles the other two, suggests that IS took an action when it had a green light from the Trump administration.
impasse
a situation in which progress is impossible, especially because the people involved cannot agree:
Taken together, the statements might appear to set up an impasse at the start of the new U.S. administration that could damage the relationship
between allies.
precarious
in a dangerous state because of not being safe or not being held in place firmly
In Iran, the situation is just as precarious, with a new law poised to expand nuclear enrichment and stop nuclear inspections within two weeks of Biden’s inauguration
Contend
To compete in order to win something
Critics of the nuclear deal typically contend that the deal didn’t deliver any concessions on Iran’s proxy network nor curtail its ballistic missile program.
Concession
something that is allowed or given up, often in order to end a disagreement, or the act of allowing or giving this;
the act of admitting defeat:
Critics of the nuclear deal typically contend that the deal didn’t deliver any concessions on Iran’s proxy network nor curtail its ballistic missile program.
Curtail
to stop something before it is finished, or to reduce or limit something
Critics of the nuclear deal typically contend that the deal didn’t deliver any concessions on Iran’s proxy network nor curtail its ballistic missile program.
Attire
business cloth
Another compelling argument against basing our judgment on one’s choice of attire as a clear indicator of their identity is that in many regions people have to conform to some established conventions.
Teething troubles
small problems that you have when you first start doing a new job or using a new system
Sentry
a soldier standing outside a building as a guard;
military machines like drones and sentry robots are already being used to kill with very little human input.
Bash
a party or an event to celebrate something;
have a strong hit;
I had a huge bash for my 30th.
Low-key
not intended to attract a lot of attention to an event, subject or thing;
And so birthdays just become more low-key and it’s drinks with a couple of friends or dinner or something.
Glamorous
attractive, exciting and related to wealth and success;
I think in many ways, minimalism is sustainability’s most glamorous poster child
Poster child
someone or something that represents a particular quality, idea etc
cupboards
a piece of furniture with doors, and sometimes shelves, used for storing clothes, plates, food, etc
kitchen cupboards filled with beautiful glass jars of organic pasta and stark wardrobes with nine or ten matching items inside.
wardrobe
a tall cupboard in which you hang your clothes;
All of the clothes that a person owns;
stark wardrobes with nine or ten matching items inside.
Stark
empty, simple, or obvious, especially without decoration or anything that is not necessary
Completely, Extremely
Stark wardrobes with nine or ten matching items inside.
Disarray
the state of being untidy or not organized
Soothing
making you feel calm,
this is soothing in your eyes.
Underused
something that is underused is not used as much as it could be;
the underuse of native seaweeds
Wholesome
Likely to make you healthy;
Considered to have a good moral effect
Seaweed is a particularly wholesome food
Cough mixture
a thick, usually sweet, liquid containing medicine that helps you to stop coughing
Agar is also used in the manufacture of cough mixture, cosmetics, confectionary and toothpastes
Seaweed
a plant that grows in the sea
Dairy
Dairy products/produce: milk, butter, cheese etc
a company which sells milk and sometimes makes other things from milk, such as cheese
a place on a farm where milk is kept and butter and cheese are made
Diary
- a book in which you write down the things that happen to you each day
- a book with separate spaces for each day of the year, in which you write down the meetings, evets etc that are planned for each day
Palatable
(adj)
- palatable food or drink has a pleasant or acceptable taste
- an idea, suggestion etc that is palatable is acceptable
Sustenance
-food that people or animals need in order to live
-when something is made to continue
but in a survival situation, most seaweeds could be chewed to provide a certain sustenance
Skyline
The shape made by hills or buildings against the sky
I could see the lake and whole city skyline and skyscrapers from my bedroom
Wind chill
the cooling effect of the wind
yeah and the worst thing was that they call the ‘wind-chill’ factor
Appalling
(adj) very unpleasant and shocking; very bad
At first I was really worried about my accommodation because I kept reading these appalling stories about rental flats going all wrong.
Tranquil
pleasantly calm, quiet and peaceful
Chill
(n) a feeling of coldness; a sudden feeling of fear or worry because of something cruel or violent;
(v) if you chill something such as food or drink, or if it chills, it becomes very cold but does not freeze;
to relax completely instead of feeling angry, tired or nervous
to make someone very cold
(adj) unpleasantly cold : the chill night air; a chill wind
Hostel
(n) a place where people can stay and eat fairly cheaply;
- a YOUTH HOSTEL
- a place where people who have no homes can stay
Hustle
(v) 1- to make someone move quickly, especially by pushing them roughly
2- to do sth with a lot of energy and determination
3- to hurry in doing sth or going somewhere
4- to sell or obtain things in an illegal or dishonest way
(n) : 1- busy and noisy activity : the hustle and bustle of the market place
2- when someone does sth quickly, with a lot of effort and eagerness
Though Pence had been vocally threatened by the mob, and hustled with his family from the Senate to safety, Trump never checked on his vice president, the administration official said.
Pretentious
If someone or something is pretentious, they try to seem more important, intelligent or high class than they really are in order to be impressive we were pretentious, back in school.
Snub
to treat someone rudely, especially by ignoring them when you meet.
Pompeo cancels last diplomatic trip after European officials reportedly snub him in wake of Trump riot
fall through
if an agreement, plan, sale etc falls through, it is not completed successfully
- We found a new buyer for our house, but then the sale fell through
- you may remember in 1982, when we had a huge setback, with the plans for a merger with our top rival company falling through.
fall
To move or drop down from a higher position to a lower position.
- The book fell from his hands
Fall down : Rob fell down the stairs
I fell and hit my head.
Decrease : The rate of inflation was falling.
Become : One false step can mean falling into debt
Become : She fell ill with flu.
Belong to a group: Leaders fall into two categories.
Belong to a group: The judge said that this matter did
not fall within the scope of the auditor’s duty
Belong to a group: Meat production falls under the
control of the Agriculture Department.
Start doing something: I fell into conversation with
some guys from New York.
Fall to pieces : the family is falling to pieces.
Immaculate
(adj) - very clean and tidy;
- exactly correct or perfect in every detail.
* One of James’s biggest strength has been his immaculate timekeeping and organizational skills.
Merger
An occasion when two or more companies join together to make one larger company
Setback
Sth that happens that delays or prevents a process from developing
Placement
- the act of finding a place for someone to live or work;
- a job, usually as part of a course of study, which gives you experience of a particular type of work
Leafing through
to turn the pages of a book quickly, without reading it properly
* she picked up a magazine and leafed through it.
Motorist
a person who drives a car
Dodger Stadium’s mass COVID-19 vaccination site was temporarily shut down Saturday afternoon when about 50 protesters gathered at the entrance, frustrating hundreds of motorists who had been waiting in line for hours.
Tradeoffs
Of course there are some tradeoffs in living on your own
This approach will identify the tradeoffs that exist between the level of accuracy obtained and the costs of undertaking each method
Underground
below ground;
an underground activity is secret and usually illegal;
a railway system in which electric trains travel through tunnels below the ground
Packed
Completely full.
It is packed all the time,
The train was so packed that I couldn’t find a seat.
Downside
A disadvantage of a situation
the downside to it is that you may feel kind of lack of stillness and quietness that you might get if you live outside the city
Rub off
if a quality or characteristic that someone has rubs off, other people begin to have it because they have been with that person and learned it from them.
and soon this will rub off on those around you
Renowned
known and admired by a lot of people, especially for a special skill, achievement or quality
Actually some of the Tehran’s most renowned landmarks are “Bazaar” in the middle of Tehran.
Laid-back holiday
laid-back: relaxed and seeming not to be worried about anything.
laid-back attitude, approach, manner
Outdoors
in the open air;
somewhere outside or away from the houses.
getaway
(n) 1- an escape from a place or unpleasant situation, especially after committing a crime
2- a short holiday away from home, or a place where people go for a short holiday
Rolling
• Gradual
The plan is for a rolling extension of the tax over the next ten years.
• (of hills) gently rising and falling:
• used to describe something that is done in stages over a long period
a nonprofit corporation that manages the power grid for most of the state, is imposing rolling blackouts because demand for electric heating is very high.
Frugal
(ˈfro͞oɡəl) careful when using money or food, or (of a meal) cheap or small in amount
Undies
underwear
Decompose
(v) 1- to decay or make something decay
2- to separate into constituent parts
3- to divide into smaller parts
Cutlery
Knives, forks and spoons that are used for eating and serving food
Cutler
someone who sells, makes or repairs cutlery ( knives, forks and spoons )
dye
(n) 1- a substance you use to change the color of your clothes, hair or etc.
dye job: someone who has had a dye job has used a substance to change the color of their hair
(v) 1- to give something a different color using a dye
- dye something blue/black/blond
Ostracize
if a group of people ostracize someone, they refuse to accept them as a member of the group.
She was afraid that if she spoke up her classmates would ostracize her
Misogynist
a man who hates women
Postpartum
relating to the time immediately after a woman has a baby
Exponent
1- an exponent of an idea, belief etc tries to explain it and persuade others that it is good or useful
2- a sign written above and to the right of a number or letter to show how many times that quantity is to be multiplied by itself
Knot
(n) 1- a part where one or more pieces of string, rope, cloth etc have been tied or twisted together.
* Are you any good at tying knots?
Tie the knot
informal: to get married
No holds barred
a no-holds-barred discussion, situation etc is one in which there are no rules or limits
* Viewers had been promised a no-holds-barred interview with the former mayor
Altercation
formal: a short noisy argument
* They became involved in an altercation.
Tabloid
a newspaper that has small pages, a lot of photographs, and stories mainly about sex, famous people etc rather that serious news.
Trump
(v) 1 - to play a trump that beats someone else’s card in a game
2- to do better than someone else in a situation when people are competing with each other
* By wearing a simple but stunning dress, she had trumped them all.
The point of no return
a stage in a process or activity when it becomes impossible to stop it or do sth different;
* I was aware that we had passed the point of no return.
Legal observers
Legal observers are individuals, usually representatives of civilian human rights agencies, who attend public demonstrations, protests and other activities where there is a potential for conflict between the public or activists and the police, security guards, or other law enforcement personnel.
Sound the alarm
to activate the alarm; to alert other people about something dangerous, risky or troublesome
Directive
an official or authoritative instruction
(adj) involving the management or guidance of operations. “the authority is seeking a directive role in energy policy”
Cry foul
protest strongly about a real or imagined wrong or injustice
* Reporters, legal observers cry foul after being caught up in LAPD’s mass arrests at Echo Park protest
Hurdle
- a problem or difficulty that you must deal with before you can achieve something
- one of a series of small fences that a person or horse has to jump over during a race
Cavalry
the part of an army that fights on horses, especially in the past
the part of a modern army that uses tanks
Troll
(n) 1- someone who leaves offensive or upsetting messages on the internet, just in order to get a reaction
(v) 1- to try to remove something from the river, ocean etc by pulling a rope, line etc through the water
2- to try to obtain sth by searching, asking people etc
3- to leave offensive or upsetting messages on the internet, just in order to get a reaction
Duplicity
dishonest behavior that is intended to deceive someone
Solidarity
(n) loyalty and general agreement between all the people in a group, or between different groups, because they all have a shared aim
Off the books
without being officially recorded, so that the tax authorities do not know about them
Clutter
To make something messy by filling or covering it with things;
we do not want to clutter out our domain model with the data annotations.
to have a blast
to have a good time, to really enjoy oneself
We had a blast at Disneyland; we really had a super time.
Atheist
ˈāTHēəst
Someone who does not believe god exists
second cousin
a child of a cousin of one of your parents
Savanna
A large flat area of grassy land especially in Africa
Rainforest
A tropical forest with tall trees that are very close to each other, growing in an area where it rains a lot
Trolley
- a large basket on wheels that you use for carrying bags, shopping, etc
- a small table on wheels used for serving food
- an electric vehicle for carrying passengers which move along the streets on metal track
Stroll
to walk somewhere is a slow relaxed way
Stroller
a small chair on wheels in which a small child sits and is pushed along
Strolling
a strolling musician plays music while walking among listeners
around the clock
all day and all night without stopping.
they are working around the clock to get it done.
infidelity
when someone has sex with a person who is not their wife, husband or partner
Despicable
Extremely bad, immoral or cruel
despicable directions.
Upend
to turn something over so that it is upside down
you just upended your ex-wife’s life
Endearing
making someone love or like you
endearing smile, it is quite endearing
wind up
a series of actions that are intended to complete a process, meeting, etc; End up
I often wind up having to give them away
Carpooling
if a group of people carpool, they travel together to work, school or etc in one car and share the cost.
sharing
- If we talk about work environments as well, You need to be willing to share your ideas with other people.
- I wind up having to give them away
- It really depends on what those things are. If they have some kind of sentimental value to me then no, I don’t like to share them.
- I quite like sharing books with other people because I’ve built up quite a collection over the years.
- My parents did partially, but I also grew up with several siblings and cousins, and they taught me about the value of sharing as well, in their own way.
Make up
- to replace sth that has been lost: to compensate for sth
- to make up for the deficit
- to form something
- Women make up 56 per cent of the student numbers.
- to put something together from several different things
- to put powder, lipstick, etc. on your/somebody’s face to make it more attractive or to prepare for an appearance in the theatre, on television, etc.
Shiver
To shake slightly because you are cold or frightened
* At the start of the 20-day study, the men did a lot of shivering
Acclimate
To become used to a new place, situation or type of weather, or to make someone become used to it
* “Everyone has an ability, to some extent, to acclimatize to cold,”
Spine
The row of bones down the center of your back that supports your body and protects your spinal cord
* specifically, the area around the upper spine and neck
Shed
to get rid of something that you do not need or want anymore
To drop something allow it to fall, or to take it off quickly
* Adjusting your thermostat down by a few degrees, shedding layers, and spending more time outside in cold conditions
- Shed tears: cry
- Shed blood: to kill or injure people
Primitive
Belonging to a simple way of life that existed in the past and does not have modern industries and machines
Something that is primitive is very simple and does not have the extra modern parts that would make it faster, better, more comfortable
Primitive feelings are not based on reason, and seem to come from a part of people’s character that is instinct of survival
* Nor will reestablishing of military superiority over a technologically primitive enemy obscure Israel’s new and acute vulnerabilities.
Anecdote
a short story based on your personal experience
off-duty
someone such as a police officer, nurse, or soldier is off-duty during the hours when they are not working
Prime
1- Most important
2- Of the very best quality or kind : prime cuts of beef, prime agricultural land
3- A prime example: a very typical example of sth
4- Be a prime candidate
The time in your life when you are strongest and most active
* Mike Tison, when he was in his prime
Abrasive
1- rude or unkind
2- having a rough surface, especially the one that can be used to clean something or make it smooth
Amenity
something that makes a place comfortable and easier to live
* well-kept amenities
Negligent
Not doing something that you are responsible for in a careful enough way, so that something bad happens or could happen
At-large
At liberty; escaped or not yet captured
As whole, in general
Rattle
(v) To shake or make something shake, with quick repeated knocking sounds
* you can just rattle your jewelry
Eccentric
1- behaving in a way that is unusual and different from most people
2- eccentric circles do not have the same center point
Truancy
When students deliberately stay away from school without permission
* If your child is absent and the school either does not receive an explanation from you or considers the explanation unsatisfactory, it will record your child’s absence as unauthorized.
Perks
something that you get legally from your work in addition to your wages, such as goods, meals, or a car
Spillages
what to do in the event of fire, spillages or other accidents
