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Diagnostics > First 3 Lectures- Quiz 1 Information > Flashcards

First 3 Lectures- Quiz 1 Information Flashcards

1
Q

4 Diagnostic Methods

A
  1. Inspection/ Observation
  2. Auscultation and Olfaction
  3. Questioning
  4. Palpatation
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2
Q

Inspection

A

observe with own eyes the patients vitality, complexion, physical condition, and behavior.

Observe face, tongue, eyes, body type, posture, hair, skin, limbs, etc.

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3
Q

Inspection- Face

A

Face- different parts of face correspond to different organs; color of the complexion as a means of diagnosis

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4
Q

Inspection- Tongue

A

different parts of the tongue correspond to different organs and the color of the tongue and the tongue coating reflect disease patterns

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5
Q

Inspection- Eyes

A

Different parts of the eye correspond to different body parts and the state of the shen (mind) can also be assessed by the brightness and luster of the eye

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6
Q

Auscultation

A

judge pathological changes in the interior of the patients body by listening to his/her voice.

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7
Q

Olfaction

A

differentiate the internal conditions of the disease by smelling the odors emitted from the patient and at time their excriments.

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8
Q

Auscultaiton and Olfaction- Sound and Smells in Relation the Organs

A 
Liver- shouting and rancid
Heart- laughing and scorched
Spleen- singing and fragrant
Lung- Sighing and rotten
Kidney- groaning and putrid
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9
Q

Questioning

A

inquiring is the ask the patient his/her companion about the history of disease, the history of the patients life and their family history, and all the important questions listed:

  1. Pain due to: (cause, length of time, trauma, etc)
  2. Food and Taste (appetite, cravings, digestion, gas, etc)
  3. Thirst (prefer hot or cold, drinking enough fluids)
  4. Bowel Movements and Urination ( constipation, diarrhea, profuse urination, color of urine, nighttime urination, bedwetting, etc)
  5. Energy level (tiredness- lifestyle, age, chronic fatigue)
  6. Head, face, body (head: headaches, dizzy, heaviness; face: feeling of heat, sinus pain, runny nose; body: chest, abdomen, limbs, joints, back
  7. Sleep (insomnia, amt of sleep, cant fall asleep, sleeping for extended periods but still tired)
  8. Sweating (night sweats, spontaneous sweating)
  9. Eyes and Ears (eyes: eye pain, blurred vision, dry eyes; Ears- tinnitus, deafness)
  10. Feeling of Cold or Heat
  11. Emotional Issues (depression, breakup, anxiety, etc)
  12. Sexual health (libido, impotence, infertility, etc)
  13. Womens symptoms ( period, cycle, color and amt of blood, etc)
  14. Children ( allergies, immunizations, sleep, earaches, respiratory symptoms, etc)
  15. family history
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10
Q

Palpation

A

detecting disease conditions by touching or pressing various parts of body. Includes pulse taking, palpation of skin, and channels and points.

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11
Q

Palpation- Pulse Diagnosis

A

can give information on the state of the organs. Reflects the organism as a whole, the state of Qi and Blood, and the constitution of a person. The main drawback of pulse diagnosis is that it is extremely subjective

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12
Q

Palpation of Skin

A

temperature of skin, limbs, hands and feet; moisture and texture of skin

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13
Q

Observation of the face which parts belong to which organs

A 
Forhead- heart
Nose- spleen
cheek- liver
lower cheek/upper lip- lungs
chin- kidney
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14
Q

Inspection of Skin Color

A
  • when observing the skin color we must also inspect the moisture, sheen and luster of the skin
Blue- Liver
Red- Heart
Yellow- Spleen
White- Lung
Black- Kidney

Changes in the skin are more easily observed on the face b/c its rich in capillaries and therefore rich in Qi and Blood. The skin on the face is thin and tender making internal changes easier to come up and be seen at the surface.

Complexion is also a good indication of a patients shen (mind). The heart opens to and manifests in the face- complexion as a whole is a manifestation of the heart and therefore, the shen.

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15
Q

Normal Skin Color- person in good physical condition.

A

Normal complexion should have luster and moisture.
Luster- bright complexion color, glowing with shine
Moisture- moist, firm skin indicating moisture underneath the surface

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16
Q

Normal Skin Color can be classified as Zhu (Host) complexion and Ke (guest) complexion

A

Zhu- the normal skin color of a person (from birth on)- varies based on nationality, heritage, five element body type, etc.

Ke- normal changes based on surroundings, seasons, climates and living conditions

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17
Q

Diseased Skin Color

A

refers to the facial complexion of a person suffering from an illness or imbalance. It is believed that by observing changes in the five colors of the face, one can discern pathological changes in the five viscera. Facial complexion also varies with regard to severity of the illness.

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18
Q

Favorable skin complexion

A

one that maintains brightness, moisture even though some abnormal changes may be present. It suggests a slight pathological change but heart and stomach qi is still sufficient enough to nourish the face.

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19
Q

Unfavorable complexion

A

one in which obvious changes have occurred marked by lusterless, withered and dusky complexion. This is a sign of severe pathological changes and exhaustion of heart and stomach qi. prognosis is unfavorable.

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20
Q

Disease Significance of the Five Colors- Blue-Green

A

Blue Green complexion corresponds to the wood element and the season of spring. It is generally related to patterns of the liver organ. Blue green skin color can be attributed to wind, cold, pain and stasis. It is the color caused by stagnation of qi and/or blood and therefore generally corresponds to the liver.

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21
Q

Disease Significance of the Five Colors- Blue Green:

Pale Blue

A

cold or chronic pain

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22
Q

Disease Significance of the Five Colors- Blue Green:

Dark blue under the eyes- lusterless and dull

A

cold in the liver channel

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23
Q

Disease Significance of the Five Colors- Blue Green:

Pale Greenish color under the eyes

A

liver qi stagnation

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24
Q

Disease Significance of the Five Colors- Blue Green:

Greenish

A

always indicates a liver pattern

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25
Q

Disease Significance of the Five Colors- Blue Green

Yellowish Green

A

phlegm with liver yang rising

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26
Q

Disease Significance of the Five Colors- Blue Green

Green with reddish tinge (possibly red eyes)

A

Liver qi stagnation turning into heat, liver fire blazing

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27
Q

Disease Significance of the Five Colors- Blue Green

Dull Grayish blue- ash like without luster (often with bluish or purplish discoloration of lips)

A

heart yang deficiency with heart blood stasis and or chronic pain in the chest.

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28
Q

Disease Significance of the Five Colors- Blue Green

Infants

A

in infants a grayish blue green often between the eyebrows on the bridge of the nose or border of the lips (usually with high fever and possible convulsion) – Liver Wind

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29
Q

Disease Significance of the Five Colors- Red

A

Red complexion corresponds to the Fire element and the season of summer. It is attributed to the Heart. Red skin color corresponds to full or Empty Heat patters.

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30
Q

Disease Significance of the Five Colors- Deep Red

A

entire face is red (eyes, lips, may also be red)

Clinical indication: excess heat (more red on left cheek - liver; more on right cheek- lung)

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31
Q

Disease Significance of the Five Colors- Malar flush

A

red cheekbones (may be seen more often in afternoon or evening)

Clinical Indication: yin deficiency or blood deficiency

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32
Q

Disease Significance of the Five Colors- Yellow

A

yellow complexion corresponds to the earth element and the season of later summer. It is attributed to the Spleen. Yellow skin color generally occurs in patterns of Spleen Qi Deficiency resulting in dampness, damp heat and jaundice

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33
Q

Disease Significance of the Five Colors- Sallow

A

pale, yellowish, dull and without luster

Clinical indication: Spleen Qi Deficiency ( if greyish: blood stasis)

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34
Q

Disease Significance of the Five Colors- Dull Yellow

A

pale yellow, sallow and without luster

Clinical indication: always indicates a deficient and chronic condition, usually of blood or spleen qi

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35
Q

Disease Significance of the Five Colors- dry yellow

A

dull, without luster, with dry skin

Clinical indication: excess or deficient heat pattern of spleen or stomach

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36
Q

Disease Significance of the Five Colors- Grayish yellow

A

dull, ashen and without luster

Clinical indication: spleen and liver disharmony

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37
Q

Disease Significance of the Five Colors- withered yellow without luster

A

indicated spleen deficiency not engendering qi and blood

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38
Q

Disease Significance of the Five Colors- yellow and puffy

A

complexion indicates dysfunction of spleen in transporting and transforming fluids resulting in damp accumulation

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39
Q

Disease Significance of the Five Colors- bright yellow skin, sclera of the eyes and nails

A

indicates jaundice
Clinical indication: damp heat often in liver, gall bladder, spleen or stomach, cold damp, toxic heat, qi or blood deficiency

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40
Q

Disease Significance of the Five Colors- yellow orange

A

complexion indicates damp heat

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41
Q

Disease Significance of the Five Colors- yellow white

A

complexions that is withered and not exuberant indicates spleen and lunge qi deficiency

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42
Q

Disease Significance of the Five Colors- White (pale)

A

White complexion corresponds to the metal element and the autumn (fall) season. It is attributed to the Lung. White skin color generally occurs in Lung Patterns, Full or Empty cold patterns, blood or Qi deficiency.

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43
Q

Disease Significance of the Five Colors- bright white

A

brilliant and obvious white color

clinical indication: yang deficiency

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44
Q

Disease Significance of the Five Colors- dull white

A

dull white- lusterless and somewhat grayish

clinical indication: severe yang deficiency or blood deficiency

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45
Q

Disease Significance of the Five Colors- pale white

A

clinical indication: Lung Qi deficiency

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46
Q

Disease Significance of the Five Colors- sallow white

A

dull, lusterless and with a slight yellow tint

clinical indication: blood deficiency

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47
Q

Disease Significance of the Five Colors- bluish white

A

bright white with a subtle bluish hue

clinical indication: cold (often deriving from a yang deficiency)

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48
Q

Disease Significance of the Five Colors- Black (dark)

A

black complexion corresponds to water element and the winter season. it is attributed to the Kidney. it is the color caused by cold (kidney yang deficiency, heat kidney yin deficiency), stagnation or water retention. Black or dark complexions are often seen when disease conditions are relatively serious.

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49
Q

Disease Significance of the Five Colors- dull and dark

A

dusky black, dim and moist (yang isn’t burning up extra fluids)
clinical indication: kidney yang deficiency

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50
Q

Disease Significance of the Five Colors- dark and dry

A

kidney yin deficiency

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51
Q

Disease Significance of the Five Colors- black around the orbit of the eye

A

kidney yin or kidney yang deficiency

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52
Q

Disease Significance of the Five Colors- black with swelling

A

water retention often due to kidney yang deficiency

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53
Q

Disease Significance of the Five Colors- purple

A

almost always indicates blood stasis

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54
Q

Disease Significance of the Five Colors- reddish purple- beetroot

A

blood stasis due to heat (liver qi stagnation with heat)

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55
Q

Disease Significance of the Five Colors- bluish purple- blueberry

A

blood stasis due to cold

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56
Q

Inspection of Vitality (Spirit)

A

spirit indicates the vitality of a person. It is believed to be born from Kidney essence. it is the external manifestation of a persons entire life activity. It is attributed to shen when discussing it in the context of diagnosis. Having shen indicates a state of vitality and vibrancy which is reflected outwardly in the luster of the eyes, sheen of the hair, luster of complexion, etc.

Spirit also refers to the mental emotional spiritual state.

Spirit is materially based on the qi, blood, essence and body fluids and is generated by the functional activities of the organs.

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57
Q

Having Vitality (spirited)

A
  • manifested through bright and vivid eyes, radiant complexion, clear speech, clear consciousness, fluid movement, good state of physical body, etc.
  • person is full of vigor with sufficient life essence and qi
  • person may be ill but is not suffering from a severe disorder (prognosis is favorable)
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58
Q

Lacking Vitality (spiritlessness)

A

characterized by dull eyes, blurred vision, dull complexion, slow and awkward movement, unconsciousness, delirium, etc.

loss of vitality reflects a qi deficiency, exhaustion of the essence of life, etc

this represents a serious illness and indicates an unfavorable prognosis

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59
Q

Pseudo Vitality (false spirit)

A
  • usually occurs to patients in critical condition with impending death
  • occurs when an extremely weak patient in critical condition, who used to be listless or unconscious, with dull eyes, aversion to speaking , low and feeble voice, dull complexion, etc, all of a sudden appears better with better consciousness, bright eyes, louder voice, flushed cheeks, better appetite, etc.
  • this sudden appearance of health is an abnormal sign of the impending exhaustion of the vital qi of the organs

the ancient chinese compared this temporary recovery to the last light of a dying out candle or the last radiance of the setting sun.

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60
Q

Body Inspection

A

body inspection involves observing the shape and posture of a patient’s body. this includes all constitutional and developmental circumstances. The individual is viewed as being an organic whole. This takes into consideration the internal organs and their external connections.

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61
Q

Body Inspection- Spleen

A

connects to and controls the muscles of the four limbs- spleen qi sends gu qi and food essences throughout the body

If the spleen is strong these refined, these refined substances will be directed to the muscles, particularly those of the four limbs. Physical energy and muscle tone can be good indicators of Spleen health. A person who is often tired and has weak muscles may be suffering from Spleen Qi deficiency. The state of the spleen is one of the most important factors in determining a persons physical energy.

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62
Q

Body Inspections- Liver

A

connects to and controls the sinews (tendons, ligament and cartilages)- liver provides blood to the limbs affecting our capacity for movement and physical activity

Contraction and relation of sinews ensures movement of the joints and is dependent on the nourishment and moistening ability of the blood which is stored in the Liver

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63
Q

Body Inspections- Kidney

A

governs bones and produces Marrow- Kidney Essence produces marrow

In TCM, marrow does not correspond to the bone marrow of western medicine. It is the common matrix of bone, bone marrow, brain and spinal cord. Marrow generates the spinal cord and fills the brain (the brain is the Sea of Marrow). Marrow is also the basis for the formation of the actual bone marrow, which nourishes the bones.

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64
Q

Body Inspections- Lungs

A

connects to and controls the skin and body hair- the lungs receive fluids from the Spleen and spread them to that skin and all over the body providing moisture

The lungs influence Wei Qi which flows in the space between the skin and muscles ( cou li). The state of the body hair reflects the state of the Lungs.

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65
Q

Body Inspections- Heart

A

governs the blood- transformation of Gu Qi into Blood takes place in the Heart

The heart is responsible for circulation of Blood to all the organs and body tissues (skin, muscles, sinews, etc)

When the organs are functioning properly, the physical body is strong. When the viscera are impaired and not functioning properly, the physical body will be weak.

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66
Q

Body Shape

A

A person’s body shape is determined by their prenatal constitiution (Pre-Heaven Essence) and their postnatal nutrition (Post- Heaven Essence). Therefore, observing a patient’s body shape can give us important information as to possible pathologies the patient may be prone to, due to prenatal tendencies, or possible pathologies the patient may be dealing with due to postnatal influences. Observation of the body includes weight, height, skin and muscles tone, as well as demeanor and personality.

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67
Q

Yin and Yang Body Types: Abundance of Yang

A

Strong build, red face, preference for cold, lively character, talkative, loud voice, assertive, etc

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68
Q

Yin and Yang Body Types- Abundance of Yin

A

Tendency to be obese, relatively dark complexion, loose muscles, quiet, introverted, soft voice, preference for heat, etc

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69
Q

Yin and Yang Body Types- Deficient of Yang

A

(yang not burning up excess fluids)
Overweight, swollen body, pale or bluish complexion, low spirits, listless, slow movement, weak, preference for warmth, aversion to cold, cold limbs, etc

70
Q

Yin and Yang Body Types- Deficient of Yin

A

thin body, red cheeks and lips, restlessness, feeling of heat, etc

71
Q

Five Element Body Shapes

A

there are constitutional body shapes related to five element theory. In TCM, it is believed that every person is born with a certain constitution and therefore a certain body shape. However, it is important to distinguish a physical train that is normal to that person, from an actual diagnostic sign.

the patient’s traits and actions are considered normal (non pathological) if they fall into the attributed element for that patient

72
Q

Five Element Body Shapes- Wood type

A

slender and tall body shape, small head and long face, subtle greenish complexion, intelligent but have poor physical strength

73
Q

Five Element Body Shapes- Fire Type

A

energetic, active, and short tempered

74
Q

Five Element Body Shapes- Metal Type

A

quiet and calm with a natural aptitude for leadership and management

75
Q

Five Element Body Shapes- Earth Types

A

calm, generous and easy to get along with

76
Q

Five Element Body Shapes- Water type

A

sympathetic, sensitive, and loyal

77
Q

Body Movement- excess or rapid movement

A

jerky movements are ascribed to Yang and can indicate Excess or Heat Patterns

78
Q

Body Movement- lack of movement or slow movement

A

is attributed to yin and can indicate deficiency or cold patterns

79
Q

Body Movement- tremors

A

the presence of wind of the liver (interior wind)

80
Q

Tremor of the Head

A

always due to internal wind

81
Q

Facial paralysis (bell’s palsy)

A

invasion of exterior wind (wind cold invasion)

82
Q

Observing the limbs

A

includes inspecting the skin, muscles, and sinews. Although the limbs reflect the strength of the spleen and stomach, they may also reveal information about the lungs, liver and heart as well.

83
Q

Atrophy of the limbs

A

deficiency of the Spleen and Stomach. Other possible causes include Qi and or blood deficiency and in more advanced stages liver and kidney yin deficiency or spleen and kidney yang deficiency.

84
Q

Flaccidity of the four limbs- acute

A

wind- heat invasion in the lungs, later moving interior and injuring the body fluids of the Spleen and Stomach

85
Q

Flaccidity of the four limbs- chronic

A

damp-heat affecting the spleen and stomach (excess)

spleen and stomach deficiency

86
Q

Rigidity of the four limb

A

patient is unable to flex and extend the wrist, elbow, knee, or ankle joints.

87
Q

Rigidity of the four limbs- acute

A

wind invasion (acute)- rigidity for short duration and resolving once the wind is expelled

painful obstruction (bi syndrome)- especially damp bi (over time leading to phlegm). in the elderly inability to flex the joints is often due to phlegm (arthritis)

88
Q

Rigidity of the four limbs- trauma

A

sport or otherwise related

89
Q

rigidity of the four limbs- chronic

A

can be due to:
liver yang rising or liver wind (interior excess conditions, elderly)
liver and kidney yin deficiency or spleen and kidney yang deficiency (elderly)

90
Q

Paralysis of the four limbs

A 
causes are:
spleen and stomach deficiency
general qi and blood deficiency
liver and kidney yin deficiency
blood stagnation or damp retention int he muscles
liver yang rising or liver wind

Hemiplegia due to stroke is caused by wind (usually interior) and, at times, phlegm in the channels of the limbs on one side usually in the elderly

91
Q

Contraction of the four limbs- acute

A

external wind invasion

92
Q

contraction of the four limbs- chronic

A

dampness obstructing the muscles

heat injuring the body fluids of the channels of the limbs

liver blood or liver yin deficiency

93
Q

convulsions of the four limbs

A

internal wind

94
Q

tremors or spasticity of the four limbs

A

liver wind

95
Q

edema of the four limbs

A

swelling caused by retention of fluids leaking from their normal pathways into the space between the skin and muscles (cou li)

96
Q

Edema- Pitting

A

Yang Deficiency

  • lung yang def- affects hands and face
  • kidney yang def- affects legs and ankles
  • spleen yang def- affects abdomen and limbs
97
Q

Non Pitting Edema

A

Qi Stagnation or Dampness- affects the muscles and may also cause edema of the limbs

98
Q

Painful Obstruction Syndrome (Bi Syndrome)

A

bi syndrome is an obstruction of the channels caused by wind, cold, damp or heat (external evils). Bi syndrome cause pain, heaviness, numbness, soreness, heat and limited range of motion in the joints

99
Q

Wind Bi

A

migrating pain which seems to move from joint to joint

100
Q

damp bi

A

soreness and heaviness in the joints with possible swelling

101
Q

cold bi

A

severe, fixed pain, pain is usually relieved by warmth

102
Q

heat bi

A

redness, hot and burning sensation in the joints

103
Q

Nail observation

A

nails are considered a by product of the sinews and are therefore under the influence of the liver. the normal nail color should be reddish pink and the nails should be smooth, slightly buldeging, relatively thick and bright

104
Q

dry cracked and brittle nails

A

liver blood or liver yin deficiency

105
Q

pale white color

A

blood deficiency

106
Q

purple nails

A

liver blood stagnation

107
Q

deep red

A

heat

108
Q

yellowish nails

A

damp heat or damp cold (jaundice)

109
Q

greenish-blue

A

cold, internal wind, blood stasis

110
Q

black nails

A

critical condition

111
Q

Hair observation

A

observing the hair, we are inspecting the strength, color, amount, and luster of the hair on the patients head and body. The development and overall health of the head hair depends mostly on the strength of the Kidneys and Liver. The characteristics of the hair represent the strength or weakness of blood and kidney essence.

112
Q

hair falling out

A

blood deficiency and or kidney essence deficiency

113
Q

premature graying of the hair

A

kidney essence deficiency

114
Q

dry, brittle, withered hair

A

liver blood and or kidney yin deficiency

115
Q

Eye Observations

A

liver opens to the eyes.

However the eyes can also reflect the state of all the internal organs as well as the Mind (shen)

116
Q

Eyes and Internal Organs- Liver

A

other than the five element correspondence, liver blood nourishes the eyes giving us normal vision. Liver Yin moistens the eyes

117
Q

Eyes and Internal Organs- Kidneys

A

helps moisten the eyes. Many eye problems, especially in the elderly, are due to Kidney Yin or Essence deficiency

118
Q

Spiritlessness of the eyes

A

dull and turbid whites of the eyes, dark and stagnant pupils, blurred vision, poor movement of the eyes or staring straight forward are all signs of spiritlessness. This indicates a relatively serious disease

119
Q

Inner and outer canthuses of eye

  • pale
  • red
A

Heart

pale: blood deficiency
red: heart heat

120
Q

iris

A

liver

121
Q

sclera-
red
yellow

A

lungs:
red- lung heat
yellow- damp heat or damp cold (jaundice)

122
Q

pupil

A

Kidneys

123
Q

Eyelids
- red and swollen
drooping eyelids

A

spleen

  • damp heat
  • spleen qi deficiency
124
Q

entire eye is red, painful and swollen

A

wind heat or liver yang rising

125
Q

black under the eyes

A

kidney deficiency

126
Q

eyes without tears/ dry eyes

A

excess heat or yin deficiency

127
Q

puffy eyes

A

dampness

128
Q

Ears- observations

A

kidneys open to the eats and the ears are also ascribed to the Shao Yang Channels (GB and SJ)

129
Q

large ears with long lobes

A

good constitution

130
Q

small ears with small lobes

A

poor constitution, tendency to deficiency of qi and blood

131
Q

a thin, dry, withered ear

A

wind heat invasion or Liver Gall Bladder Fire

132
Q

swelling and pain inside the ear

A

heat in the gallbladder and SJ channels

133
Q

Nose- observation

A

opening of the lung. Aside from the lung, liver and spleen pathologies can be observed on the nose

134
Q

nasal congestion with frequent sneezing and flowing nasal mucous

A

is often due to an external invasion.

135
Q

clear or whitish nasal mucous

A

indicates wind cold

136
Q

yellow or greenish, thick, sticky nasal mucous

A

indicates wind heat

137
Q

Mouth and Lip Observation

A

reflects the state of the spleen and stomach

138
Q

Lips

A

reflect the state of the spleen stomach and liver

139
Q

pale red and moist

A

normal

140
Q

very pale lips-

A

blood or yang deficiency (usually of liver or spleen)

141
Q

very red lips

A

excess heat

142
Q

red and dry lips

A

yin deficiency

143
Q

purplish or bluish lips

A

blood stasis

144
Q

blueish-greensih lips

A

cold, blood stasis, pain

145
Q

pale, greenish blue lips

A

cold

146
Q

cold sores

A

wind heat invasion, damp heat, yin deficiency or excess heat of stomach

147
Q

cracked corners of mouth

A

excess heat or yin deficiency of stomach

148
Q

deviation of the moth

A

liver wind or external wind invasion

149
Q

mouth/gum ulcers

A

stomach heat

150
Q

teeth

A

considered to be an extension of the bones are under the influence of the kidney

151
Q

moist with sheen and bright and clean

A

normal- strong kidney yin

152
Q

cavities

A

kidney deficiency, damp heat in stomach channel, stomach and spleen qi deficiency

153
Q

yellow teeth

A

damp heat in stomach and or spleen

154
Q

missing/ weak teeth

A

kidney deficiency

155
Q

grinding of teeth

A

liver wind or freight

156
Q

Gums-

A

under the influence of the stomach

157
Q

pinking red and moist gums

A

normal

158
Q

very pale gums

A

blood deficiency

159
Q

deep red gums

A

stomach heat (excess or deficiency)

160
Q

bleeding gums

A

spleen qi deficiency, stomach fire

161
Q

throat observation

A

the throat is the passageway to the lung and stomach. The kidney channel also connects to throat. Therefore, by inspecting the throat we can observe pathological changes in the Lunge, Stomach, and Kidneys.

162
Q

pain, redness and swelling of the throat

A

exterior wind heat invasion (in acute cases) or stomach heat (chronic cases)

163
Q

red, sore and dry throat

A

lung heat, kidney yin deficiency, or wind heat

164
Q

pale red

A

lung and or kidney yin deficiency

165
Q

red with yellow or white spots

A

excess heat in the lung and or stomach with possible phlegm

166
Q

swollen tonsils of normal color

A

dampness or phlegm accumulation

167
Q

red and swollen tonsils

A

heat in stomach or large intestine channel, wind heat

168
Q

goiter

A

liver qi stagnation with phlegm (spleen qi deficiency)

169
Q

Inspection of the Index Finger in Babies

A

Examination of the superficial venules on the index fingers of children 2-3 years of age or younger is used to diagnose the severity of disease in infants. The venules of the index finger are branches of the lung channel. Its diagnosis principle is similar to that of pulse diagnosis. Due to babies having short, small pulses and their restlessness, inspection of index finger is used. Usually the left index finger is examine in boys and the right one in girls. The practitioner rubs the index finger toward the baby’s palm in order to make the superficial venules more visible.

170
Q

In children: If the venules are visible at the: Gate of Wind (wind pass/bar)

A

the pathogenic factor is shallow (still on the exterior) and the disease is mild (bottom of finger)

171
Q

In children: if the venules are visible at the gate of Qi (qi pass/bar)

A

the pathogenic factor has move interior and the disease is more severe (middle of finger)

172
Q

in children: if the venules are visible at the gate of life (life pass/bar)

A

this indicates serious and possible life threatening disease (top of finger)

Diagnostics (4 decks)

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