Fireground Operations

Question 1

106 Fireground Operations
106.2 Search and Rescue Above A Fire

When are Operations above a fire justifiable ?

Answer 1

1) search for trapped occupants of a burning building
2) search for vertical fire spread
3) protect people trapped on a top floor

Question 2

106 Fireground Operations
106.2 Search and Rescue Above A Fire
Operating above a fire during a shaft fire

Answer 2

• IC must order that the top of the shaft to be vented at the same time a hose line must be placed to extinguish the spread of fire.
• ff have to operate at least one or more floors above the fire.
• IC must also provide the means of escape, such as an aerial ladder.

Question 3

106 Fireground Operations
106.2 Search and Rescue Above A Fire

Permission Required to Search Above a Fire Without a Hose Line

Answer 3

• most ff are trapped on a floor above a fire because they fail to take a hose line with themwhen conducting the search above a fire.
• time is critical to save a civilian and a quick search
• only attempted with permission from The IC and with acknowledged communication from the fire attack team that they are aware a search team will be operating above them with a hose line.
• IC should be notified so a second line can be deployed as soon as possible.

Question 4

106 Fireground Operations
106.2 Search and Rescue Above A Fire
What is the Attack team responsible for when a search without a hose line is being conducted ?

Answer 4

Responsible for the safety of the search team

a) maintaining the fire attack if there is sufficient water flow for extinguishment
b) maintaining the search teams means of egress if water flow is marginal or the fire extent is not readily controllable

Question 5

106 Fireground Operations
106.2 Search and Rescue Above A Fire
Search above a fire without a hose line
Safety Precautions

Answer 5

1) force open a door to an apartment that’s not directly over the fire. If conditions suddenly get worse in the hallway, the open apartment not over the fire may be your area of refuge.
2) flashover conditions develop, locate a second exit such as a window
Leading to a fire escape or portable ladder and immediately exit the building
3) when you climb or descend a stairway between the fire floor and floor above stay close to face the wall. heat, smoke and flame flowing up a stairway will be rising vertically near the stairwell or around the banister.
4) All ff assigned to search above a fire without a line should only do so if there is a real chance to save another persons life. once determined no one is there immediately exit the building.

Question 6

106 Fireground Operations
106.3 Guidlines for Placement of Hoselines
Placement OF The First Attack Hoseline

Answer 6

First attack hoseline is stretched through a front , rear or side doorway.

• hose stream nozzle is positioned and used to drive heat, flame and smoke from inside to outside through a vented window or other door or through an opening created by “outside vent ff”
• advantage of advancing the first attack line through a door rather than through a window is that unconscious trapped victims are often found inside the door or in the hallway leading from the door to the fire
• the next location victims are discovered is in the hallways or corridors leading to an exit.

Question 7

106 Fireground Operations
106.3 Guidlines for Placement of Hoselines
Placement of the second attack hoseline

Answer 7

If there is an exposure problem, such as flame spreading to a nearby structure, the second line goes there.
- the exposure problem is most often an inside exposure.

Question 8

106 Fireground Operations
106.3 Guidlines for Placement of Hoselines
The advantages of having a backup, second hoseline, stretched into the burning building right behind the first line are :

Answer 8

1) protect ff operating the first attack line in case o explosion, flashover, or collapse
2) if the first hose suffers a burst length or broken nozzle, the second hose team can move into position and attack the blaze.
3) too much fire, two hoselines working side by side may be successful
4) the first attack team can handle the room and content fire, it is important to get the second line up to the floor above, the attic or an adjoining room to cut off spreading fire.
5) first hoseline goes to the seat of the fire and attacks the fire from a door and pushes the fire outward and protects the interior stairs.
6) second hoseline should back up the first hoseline and if necessary advance to the floor above
7) hoseline should not pass fire
8) when forcing open a door , it is important to control the door and not let it swing open into the flaming apartment.

Question 9

106 Fireground Operations
106.3 Guidlines for Placement of Hoselines
How should hoselines be stretched ?

Answer 9

Hose lines should be stretched in series not parallel.
- three or four hoselines stretched at the same time to different locations, this can create a disorganized operation and actually delay water being delivered into the fire.

Question 10

106 Fireground Operations
106.3 Guidlines for Placement of Hoselines
Size- Up The Hose Stretch

Answer 10

After one, two or three hose lines have been stretched into a burning building the ff are advancing them toward the fire, there is no obvious need for another hoseline.

• IC should have ff stretch a hoseline to the front of the building and “stand fast” until there is another call for a line.
• sudden need for a hoseline to cut off spreading fire in a building, the ff standing fast with the line nearby can quickly take it inside the building.
• the advantage of stretching a hose to the front of the building and standing by is that the most time - consuming part of the hose stretch is completed.

Question 11

106 Fireground Operations
106.3 Guidlines for Placement of Hoselines
Hose stretching to supply a standpipe and sprinkler

Answer 11

IC must Size Up a burning building to determine if it has a sprinkler / standpipe system Siamese. If it does the system MUST be supplied with water.
- sprinkler system can extinguish a fire quicker and more effectively than ff.
- sprinkler head is already in position directly over the fire
- water is not impeded or slowed by lock doors, blinding smoke, or failure to locate the fire.
If a building has both systems sprinkler and standpipe :
- first supply line to the Siamese should go to the standpipe system
( this is to protect ff)
- second line connect to sprinkler system.

Question 12

106.4 Flow Path and Door Control

Def Heat Energy

Answer 12

Is a form of energy characterized by vibration of molecules and capable of initiating and supporting chemical changes and changes of state

Question 13

106.4 Flow Path and Door Control

Def Temperature

Answer 13

Is a measure of the degree of molecular activity of a material compared to a reference point. temp is measured in degrees Fahrenheit or Degrees Celsius.

Question 14

106.4 Flow Path and Door Control

Def Heat release rate ( hrr)

Answer 14

Is the rate at which fire releases energy- also known as power
Measured in Watts (W)equal to 1 joule per second
Depending on the size hrr is also measured in Kilowatts ( equal to 1,000 Watts) or Megawatts ;( equal to 1,000,000 Watts)

Question 15

106.4 Flow Path and Door Control

How does heat always transfer ?

Answer 15

Heat always transfers from the hotter object to the cooler object.
- energy transferred increases the objects temp and heat energy transferred from an object decreases the objects temp.

Question 16

106.4 Flow Path and Door Control

Def conduction

Answer 16

Heat transfer within solids or between contacting solids

Question 17

106.4 Flow Path and Door Control

Def convection

Answer 17

Heat transfer of gases or liquids, through natural movement from higher pressure areas to lower pressure areas.

Question 18

106.4 Flow Path and Door Control

Def radiation

Answer 18

Heat transfer by electromagnetic waves

Question 19

106.4 Flow Path and Door Control

Temp as it relates to normal ff

Answer 19

37 C - 98.6 F. Normal human oral / body temperature

Question 20

106.4 Flow Path and Door Control

Traditional Fire Deveopment

Answer 20

Time history of a fuel - limited fire
Fire growth is not , limited by a lack of oxygen
As more fuel becomes involved in the fire, the energy level continues to increase until all of the fuel available is burning ( fully developed )
As fuel is burned away the energy level begins to decay.
The key is oxygen is available to mix with the heated gases (fuel) to enable the completion of the fire triangle ant the generation of energy.

Question 21

106 Fire Ground Operations
106.4 Flow Path and Door Control
Def Flashover

Answer 21

Is in the transition phase in the development of a contained fire in which surfaces exposed to the thermal radiation, from fire gases in excess of 600C, reach ignition temperature more or less simultaneously and fire spreads rapidly through the space.
- this is the most dangerous stage of fire

Question 22

106 Fire Ground Operations
106.4 Flow Path and Door Control
Def Backdraft

Answer 22

Fire takes place in a confined area and burns undetected until most of the oxygen within is consumed.
The heat continues to produce flammable gases mostly CO.
These gases are heated above their ignition temperature.
When a supply of oxygen is introduced, as when normal entry points are opened, the gases could ignite with explosive force.

Question 23

106 Fire Ground Operations
106.4 Flow Path and Door Control
Flameove (Rollover)

Answer 23

Is a condition in which unburned fuel from the originating fire has accumulated in the ceiling layer to a sufficient concentration that it ignites and burns.
Can occur without ignition of or prior to the ignition of other fuels separate from the origin.

Question 24

106 Fire Ground Operations
106.4 Flow Path and Door Control
What is FlOWPATH ?

Answer 24

The understanding of the movement of fire and the byproducts it will produce.
As the temp builds the heated gases will pressurize and will move to areas of lower pressure.
Ff must be aware of where the fire is and the route it will take.
Not to put themselves between the fire and an area of low pressure or vent point.

Question 25

106 Fire Ground Operations
106.4 Flow Path and Door Control
What are the 3 types of FlOWPATH ?

Answer 25

Naturally, environmentally, or by human manipulation.
Natural FlOWPATH will move from higher pressure to lower pressure areas.
Environmental factors that can affect FlOWPATH are wind and extreme temperature variations.
Summer Cooling in high rise fires will cause a FlOWPATH to reverse and is called the reverse stack effect.
Human Factors mechanical fans, Hydraulic entrainment.

Question 26

106 Fireground Operations

106.5 Basement Fires

Answer 26

Size Up - 360 degrees if you are unable to complete one, assign someone else to perform one.

Building Construction
Floor collapse is one of the leading causes of FF fatalities and injuries in basement fires.
IC must determine age, condition, and type ( modern vs legacy construction) of the structure when possible.
Construction type may be determined by “hooking” the ceiling inside the front door exposing the construction type.
- is there an exterior door to the basement, exposed / covered flooring or joists ?
- are there windows and are they obstructed ?
- be aware if exposed flooring systems allow fire to spread and failure of these systems is possible early in in the fire.
Due to response times and burn rates, all basement fires should be considered for potential collapse hazard.

Ventilation And FlOWPATH
Paramount concern in basement fires
- collapse typically occurs above a fire.
- more ventilation presents the greater the collapse hazard
Identifying ventilation points,
- determine potential hazards in flow path
- winning position in fire attack opps
Door is a critical consideration
- leaving the door open could invite the FlOWPATH up the stairs.

Controlling Vertical Fire Spread

• Fire spread may become our first priority, to protect on floors above the fire.
• first attack line should be stretched to the top of the interior staircase to protect our vertical exposure.
• if a door is available , close it.

“Quick Hit “ ( transitional fire attack )
Most effective method of attacking a basement fire.
- straight stream at the ceiling through an exterior window or door for approx 15 - 20 seconds cools the environment.
- Aggresive Attack now that the fire has been cooled “reset”
Best commenced through a basement door if available.
Alternative, down an interior staircase ensuring attention is paid to door control and controlling flow paths.

Interior Fire Attack
Quick Hit is not feasible
Entry will be made down the interior staircase with a charged hose line while maintaining control of exterior doors in order to prevent the introduction of a flow path.
- size of the hoseline selected is sufficient to control the fire
- sufficient length of hose
- once in position an aggressive attack must be made on the fire
- Ff at the top and bottom of stairs to help with hose
- ff maintain contact with the hose line in a basement fire
- maintain crew integrity at all times

Exterior or Remote Fire Attack
If Life Safety is not an issue, the IC May commit to an exterior or remote location fire attack.

Ventilation
Self vented or vent limited the building will be considered to collapse .
- an aggressive ventilation strategy will only commence when we are “Winning”

Additional Considerations
TIC cannot be relied upon to assess the strength or safety of the floor
- floor coverings May mask the existence of heat of the fire below
- sounding or sag are not reliable indicators of potential collapse
- establish a stationary command post a.s.a.p
- Ensure proper safety networks are in place : RIT, Entry Control, Safety Officer,and Accountability.

Question 27

106 Fireground Operations

106.8 Attic Fires

Answer 27

Attic Fires are commonly vent limited fires
- vent - limited fire is in a state of stability
( Fire is not receiving enough oxygen to free burn )
- great for life safety allowing crews to perform searches
- a vent - limited fire can allow you to attack the fire WHEN you want from WHERE you want .
- hot gases are only burning at the exit point because that is where the proper fuel / air mixture is and inside the attic space is to rich to burn.
- when it is time to attack the fire , controlled openings below the neatral pressure plane will not cause immediate growth.
- eave Attack and openings in the ceiling allow access to the sheathing and remain below the neutral pressure plane.
IMPORTANT : always have a charged hoseline before opening the roof system .

Sheathing Is The Main Fire Spread Mechanism
- exposed sheathing of the roof is the main source of off gassing so ff need to apply water to the sheathing as soon as possible to gain the upper hand.
- wetting the sheathing eliminatesthe major flame spread mechanism
- this can be done as an offensive or defensive attack.
- It is important too wet the entire section between structural members
( this means hitting it along the axis of the rafters or trusses )
Modern and Legacy roof structures such as Trusses and Rafters can block your hose stream.
- simply cooling the gasses in the attic space does not remove enough fuel to suppress the fire and as a result regrowth will occur.

Light Weight Construction vs Legacy

• roof systems have to be inspected fron underneath
• both systems fail in the operational time

Sounding As An Indicator Of Stability

• ff are unable to determine the structural stability 5 seconds before collapse.
• sheathing had enough resistance even thought the structural member had failed.
• this applies to both Legacy and Light weight construction

Tactical Considerations
Conducting a 360 Size-Up before committing resources is essential
Help determine :
- victims and tenability
- location and extent of the fire
- stage in the fire life cycle
- vent limited or vented
- identifying building construction features
- accessibility of roof / soffits
- length and placement of initial attack lines
- salvage of property

Put water in the fire as soon as possible
Putting water on the fire improves conditions throughout the structure
- this includes the application of water outside the structure
- “ Quick Hit” reset the fire reducing the chance of flashover and giving interior crews time to get in place to open up the ceiling and complete suppression or complete searches with a greater margin of safety.

1st Attack line

• if the fire started outside , the initial attack should start from outside.
• elimitate the source before proceeding to suppress the attic fire
• this can also be used on fire showing through a gable window or roof top.

Attacking from the Soffits / Eaves

• whether vent limited or vented the most efficient method of accomplishing this is done by clearing soffits along the eve line on one side of the structure using a pike pole.
• solid stream will be directed along th eve line, this utilizes the structural characteristics of the roof and will assist in delivering water over the entire area. ( straight stream, 750 kpa for approx 20 min )
• Knick the fire down using the least amount of water as possible.

Attacking with Master Stream
Flow up instead of down
Aerial stream directed upwards into the eaves when hand lines are not practical will deliver the same result.
-master streams into a hole from above cannot hit the sheathing and will unnecessarily damage the structure and its contents.
- hand lines and pike poles off an aerial platform may also be considered as a method of attack.

Deployment of 2nd Attack line

Attacking the Ceiling - Big Hole
When eave Attack has been completed from the outside 1x1 meter hole can be opened in the ceiling to complete the suppression of the attic and contents fire.
- Hole , center of the structure, effective water distribution over the entire area of the attic.
- potential collapse due to water weight from quick hit.

Attacking Ceiling - Small Holes
Eave Attack is unsuccessful due to plywood or blocked eaves, an interior attack can be started with small holes to allow the nozzle to be pushed into the attic space and cool off the area.
- once the attic is cooled a larger hole or holes can be opened and final suppression can begin.
- this tactic can be used defensively in uninvolved areas to stop fire spread such as row house with shared attic.

Attacking the Ceiling - Trench Cut
Another technique when eave Attack is not possible is to trench cut along the ceiling of an outside wall and spray up the sheathing as if you were doing an eave Attack.

Ventilation
Attic Fires will typically be ventilation limited by the nature of the event, this status should be maintained until the fire load can be cooled and crews have the upper hand on the fire.
Ventilation may commence at this juncture as deemed appropriate by the IC
- horizontal ventilation with or without PPV or vertical ventilation can be used.
- “open from above and attack from below” can create a large amount of property damage and puts both civilians and ff at high risk during the initial stages if not timed properly.
- The IC will determine the appropriate method of ventilation.
- must consider the potential for collapse
- risk greatest over seat of the fire and has been compounded with lightweight building materials.
- sounding, heat or visible sagging are not reliable indicators of collapse.

Knee walls in Attics
Initial cooling will be accomplished with an exterior eave line water application.
- this will be followed with an aggressive interior attack where small holes will be made long the knee wall with water being introduced through each hole as the breach is made.
- after this operation is complete, larger holes will be made and the procedure repeated.

Gable End Attack
Ineffective at hitting the underside of the sheathing.
- structural members of the roof block the water and don’t allow full wetting of the roof.
- gasses are cooled but fire regrowth occurs quickly.

Summary
Ire’s often present themselves as ventilation limited and fire officers must ensure that they have a complete fire profile prior to selecting a strategy and implementing tactics.
- Quick Hit or cooling the fire through an eave line attack strategy and dealing with any exterior seat or source of the fire is imperative prior to initializing further interior attack operations.
- interior attack crews must be mindful of the potential for collapse due to increased water weight in the attic.

Question 28

106 Fireground Operations
106.10 Fires in Abandoned Buildings

Fire Depts should ensure that inspections of vacant / abandoned buildings and pre fire planning is conducted to identify :

Answer 28

• hazards
• structural integrity
• building age, construction techniques and building materials used
• renovations/ demolition

Question 29

106 Fireground Operations
106.10 Fires in Abandoned Buildings
In Ontario Fire Service, the Section 21 Committee recommends that fire depts :

Answer 29

• develop SOPs/SOGs with respect to abandoned buildings :
• that they identify and document the location of known abandoned buildings in their response area and make the info available to fire crews.

Question 30

106 Fireground Operations
106.10 Fires in Abandoned Buildings

Hazards associated with abandoned buildings include :

Answer 30

• open shafts
• PITs and holes - with possible accumulation of water
• maze like configurations
• limited / obstructed entry and egress
• blocked, damaged or missing stairs
• structural degradation
• combustible contents : fire load
• delay in discovery of fire
• multiple fire locations
• biological hazards
• hazardous chemicals

Question 31

106 Fireground Operations
106.10 Fires in Abandoned Buildings
What are the Classification Of abandoned buildings by degree of hazard ?

Answer 31

Normal - no notable hazards , no special precautions required
Caution - interior hazards exist, use extreme caution.
Hazardous - serious hazards exist to warrant exterior defensive actions.

Question 32

106 Fireground Operations
106.10 Fires in Abandoned Buildings

Initial IC must complete a 360 degree size up before committing to a ff Strategy. Areas of particular concern are :

Answer 32

• is there a placard on the building
• what are the smoke and fire conditions
• where is the fire located ?
• what are the structural conditions
• are there signs of recent entry ?

Question 33

106 Fireground Operations
106.10 Fires in Abandoned Buildings

Should there be reports of someone inside an abandoned building on fire, the IC must carefully asses the conditions present which include the following :

Answer 33

• 360 degree size up
• smoke and fire conditions present
• use of thermal imaging camera
• occupant survival profile
• initial risk assessment and implement safe action plan

Question 34

106 Fireground Operations
106.10 Fires in Abandoned Buildings

To improve chances of survival for occupants and ff entering the building for a rescue the following should be done :

Answer 34

• Identify location of fire
• establish ventilation - based on stage of fire, smoke conditions and point of entry.
• consider exterior use of a straight stream hose stream into the room with fire to reduce the temperature of compartment, improving chances of survival for the victim and improving operating conditions for ffs.
• remove boarding at entry points and other windows / doors to allow entry team other means of emergency egress.
• enter building at closest point to occupant, if known to reduce chances of ff injuries due to known hazards of these structures.
• Ensure RIT is established a briefed.
• if RIT is not on scene, then IRIT must be established and aware of the rescue attempt.
• a District Chief must be assigned as the Safety Officer
• Entry realm must use a hose Lin and a backup crew must be ready with a hose line.

-

Question 35

106 Fireground Operations
106.10 Fires in Abandoned Buildings
What should The IC use to try to determine the location of fire and possible location of person inside ?

Answer 35

Thermal Imaging Camera

Question 36

106 Fireground Operations
106.10 Fires in Abandoned Buildings
If Occupant Survival Profile Indicates there is a possibility of survival what should the IC do ?

Answer 36

The IC should determine the safest point if entry to use based on identified location of the fire, ventilation should be completed from an aerial ladder / tower / platform to avoid ffs falling through.

Question 37

106 Fireground Operations
106.10 Fires in Abandoned Buildings

What was the abandoned building program and SOG developed ?

Answer 37

To reduce the chances of ffs deaths due to the hazards presented by abandoned / vacant buildings.

Question 38

106 Fireground Operations
106.10 Fires in Abandoned Buildings

What must Them IC use as a decision tree to determine a GO or No Go situation ?

Answer 38

Rules of Engagement

Question 39

106 Fireground Operations
106.10 Fires in Abandoned Buildings

The fire and smoke conditions must be assessed to determine an ?

Answer 39

Occupant survivability profile.

Question 40

106 Fireground Operations
106.10 Fires in Abandoned Buildings

Important thing to remember :

Answer 40

Do not risk ff lives for lives or property that cannot be saved.

Question 41

106 Fireground Operations
106.23 Chimney Fires

Why are traditional methods of extinguishment not being used any more ?

Answer 41

Modern flues increasingly being constructed of metal and older masonry chimneys being lined with metal flues the direct application of water can lead to serious stress and warping of the flue.

Question 42

106 Fireground Operations
106.23 Chimney Fires

What are some of the challenges FFs face fighting chimney fires ?

Answer 42

• varying nature of flue and chimney construction

- Safety, clambering around on icy or snow covered roofs.

Question 43

106 Fireground Operations
106.23 Chimney Fires

What are the types of wood burning appliances found in residential homes ?

Answer 43

Wood stoves, coostoves, pellet stoves

Question 44

106 Fireground Operations
106.23 Chimney Fires

What are the two general categories of chimneys that are approved for use with wood - burning appliances ?

Answer 44

650 C Factory - Built Chimney

Masonry Chimneys

Question 45

106 Fireground Operations
106.23 Chimney Fires
Wood stoves, central heating furnaces and some factory - built fireplaces must use ?

Answer 45

650 C metal chimney, approved by Underwriters Laboratories of Canada (ULC standard) S629

Question 46

106 Fireground Operations
106.23 Chimney Fires
What does the 650 C Factory - Built Chimney feature ?

Answer 46

• withstand the high temperature produced by a chimney fire
• better insulation than other factory - built chimneys to isolate nearby combustible material from the high gas temperatures in the flue when a fire is burning. At the same time, this increased insulation keeps flue surfaces warmer. Less creosote forms in the chimney reducing the risk of a chimney fir significantly.

Question 47

106 Fireground Operations
106.23 Chimney Fires
What do Masonry Chimneys feature ?

Answer 47

• Clay tile liner surrounded by brick or stone
  Chimneys that have been damaged by a fire are usually refined with a certified stainless steel liner. this liner can either be fixed or corrugated flex design.

Question 48

106 Fireground Operations
106.23 Chimney Fires
Describe Chimney Liner Construction ?

Answer 48

Municipal installation codes now require that a properly sized, stainless - steel chimney liner be installed from the insert flue collar to the top of the chimney.
- the result is a better performance and a safer system.

Question 49

106 Fireground Operations
106.23 Chimney Fires
Describe Flue Pipes ?

Answer 49

Flue pipes carry the exhaust gases from the stove flue collar to the base of the chimney.
- they have been called the weak link in the wood - burning system, because they are often improperly installed.

Question 50

106 Fireground Operations
106.23 Chimney Fires
what ism the chimneys function ?

Answer 50

To produce the draft that draws combustion air into the appliance and safely exhaust the gases from combustion to the outside.
- the hotter the gas compared to the air outside, the stronger the draft.

Question 51

106 Fireground Operations
106.23 Chimney Fires
For the chimney to function, what must it do ?

Answer 51

• Isolate nearby combustible materials from flue gas heat.
• Tolerate the high gas temp that can result from chimney fires
• Conserve flue gas heat to produce a strong draft
• Be resistant to corrosion on the inside and to weather effects on the outside and be sealed to prevent leakage.

Question 52

106 Fireground Operations
106.23 Chimney Fires
What is Creososte ?

Answer 52

Creososte is black or brown in appearance. It can be a crusty and flaky, tar - like, drippy sticky or shiny and hardened.

• it is a highly- flammable material
• if it ignites near the base of the chimney it can produce a raging fire that travels up the chimney causing extremely high temps as it spreads.
• the high temp can damage the clay liners in a masonry chimney or the metal liner in a factory - built chimney.
• when wood burns slowly ( conventional air tight furnace ) it makes a smoky fire and produces more creosote deposits tha a quick hot fire does. The smoke can condense on the cool inner surface of the chimney producing creosote depositsf.

Question 53

106 Fireground Operations
106.23 Chimney Fires
Extinguishment Of A Chimney Fire

Answer 53

It is important that the IC during size - up determines whether the initial method of extinguishment matches the level of fire involvement.

1. Conduct an external size - up
2. Conduct an internal size - up of wood burning appliance and upper / lower floors.
3. Advance attack lines into fire floor and other areas as required and standby.
4. If smoke is present don SCBA, monitor for CO levels if required.
5. Remove contents from firebox and extinguish outside of structure with water.
6. Place PPV fan at the door nearest the appliance and close off other ventilation openings, isolating the room from the rest of the structure.
7. Start PPV fan and run at half to full rpm as required to facilitate chimney drafting.
8. Place Dry Chemical Extinguisher hose in appliance :
   A) aiming it up the flue opening
   B) discharge the product in 1-2 second bursts
   C) do not discharge for longer periods as the product is heavy and will
   fall down into the firebox.
   D) monitor the drafting process while discharging the extinguisher
9. Have a spotter outside the structure to monitor product egress from the top of the chimney.
   10) Check for extension - send attack crews to upper floors and attack
   attack areas with charged hoselines.
   11) Use a mirror device if available , to check the chimney for extinguishment
   12) Advise occupant to have a professional chimney so pant perform an inspection before it is used again.
   13) Clean up as much of the mess as possible before leaving the structure.

Question 54

106 Fire Ground Operations
106.25 Responsibilities of First Three Arriving Apparatus
Responsibilities of the first arriving pump class apparatus
( pumper, rescue, quint ( staffed with 4 ) if first due apparatus

Answer 54

A. Ensure Command is established - communicate by radio your Incident Action Plan
B. Position apparatus just slightly past the address of the call
C. Guarantee your own water supply
I. This can be accomplished by taking a hydrant or mutually pre arranged ( if running from the same station )with the 2nd in arriving pump class must communicate by radio if it is delayed for any reason.
D. Lay lines for fire control and / or rescue
E. If another aerial class vehicle is not responding on the first alarm assignment request one be dispatched.

Question 55

106 Fire Ground Operations
106.25 Responsibilities of First Three Arriving Apparatus
Transfer to a Company Officer of Equal Rank

Answer 55

The first Officer on -scene may Transfer Command to a second on- scene Officer who will maintain the Command responsibilities until they have transferred Command to an on-scene Chief Officer.

In the investigative Mode the first on- scene Officer is not required to transfer Command, however if transferring command will improve the effectiveness of command, command should be transferred.

When the investigation reveals a situation that requires a task level action or when adopting the Fast Attack mode the first arriving Company Officer shall Transfer Command to the next on - scene Officer or Chief Officer as soon as possible. ( The IC cannot reasonably be involved in a task level activity and develop overall strategy at the same time)

Transfer of Command to an Officer of equal rank would normally only occur once at which time Command should become Static. The next transfer of Command would normally be to a Chief Officer who has arrived on the scene.

Question 56

106 Fire Ground Operations
106.25 Responsibilities of First Three Arriving Apparatus
Responsibilities Of The 2nd Arriving Pump Class Apparatus
( pumper, rescue, Quint ( staffed with 4) if another aerial class coming)

Answer 56

A. Ensure Command is established
B. Park apparatus leaving room for an aerial device in front should it be required for rescue, master stream operations, etc.
C. May be required to take hydrant for 1st in Apparatus
D. Lay a back up line to 1st pumper crew to :
ii. protect 2nd means of egress if necessary
iii. Back up or protect 1st fire attack crew
Iv. Assist with rescue as necessary
E. 2nd arriving driver assists 1st in driver

Even for a call with no visible signs the 2nd in crew should be properly
Dressed in PPE and moving up to take their positions as per the above. Do not sit in the truck unprepared.
Most ff fatalities occur in the first 6 minutes of a call during the first alarm stage of a fire.

Question 57

106 Fire Ground Operations
106.25 Responsibilities of First Three Arriving Apparatus
Responsibilities of the first arriving aerial / platform / quint
(If first 2 Apparatus are operating as Pump Class Apparatus )

Answer 57

A)Placement Of Apparatus to access building for :
I. Rescue
II. Master Stream
B) Provide 2nd means of ff egress by aerial device or laddering building.
C) perform primary Search
D)ventilation

The IC reds to be advised of crew location at all times and no search should be performed above a fire without a hose line for the protection of the searching crew.

Question 58

106 Fire Ground Operations
106.25 Responsibilities of First Three Arriving Apparatus
Electrical Service

Answer 58

The 2nd or 3 rd Arriving Apparatus must Ensure the power is shut off at the main circuit panel if it’s safe to enter the basement to do so.

Question 59

106.1 Incidents Involving Asbestos

What does FRIABLE mean ?

Answer 59

Any material which contains more than 1 percent asbestos by weight and can be crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder by hand pressure.

Question 60

106.1 Incidents involving asbestos

What does non - friable mean ?

Answer 60

Means any material which contains more than 1 percent asbestos by weight and cannot be pulverized under hand pressure.

Category 1
Gaskets, resilient floor covering, and asphalt roofing products.

Category 2
Any other non - friable ACM not included in Category 1.

Question 61

106.1 Incidents Involving Asbestos

What are the TFS guidelines for Entry into Asbestos Contaminated Incident (ACI)

Answer 61

1) Communicate on scene to all personnel that this is an incident containing possible asbestos exposure.
2) Limit the number of personnel exposed.
3) Mandate and enforce crews wearing full structural firefighting PPE and SCBA point of entry control throughout operation (include Overhaul)
4) Areas or spaces suspected or known to contain friable asbestos should be only disturbed as necessary for fire extinguishment.
5) all personnel must be decontaminated upon exit.
6) Exposed personnel should immediately take a shower upon return to their station.
7) NO eating or drinking is to occur until personnel have been decontaminated and showered at their base station.
8) Keep areas suspected to contain friable asbestos wet to minimize fibre disruption.

Question 62

106.1 Incident Involving Asbestos
Decon
Contamination is Suspected but not Obvious- PPE Decon ?

Answer 62

After gross Decon on scene PPE can be bagged and sent for 3rd party washing in accordance OF E-PPEM

Hard surfaces such as FF Helmets and boots can be washed off with soap and water at the station but should be bagged and tagged on scene to prevent contamination of the truck cabs.
Heavy Haz can provide temporary booties and coveralls

Proper PPE for washing boots and helmets is medical gloves with N95 filter masks.

Question 63

106.1 Incident Involving Asbestos
Decon
Significant Contamination Of Known Asbestos - PPE Decon

Answer 63

1) Samples Tested
2) treat water used in Decon as contaminated waste water to be properly disposed of by owner of building.
3) If PPE is dry vacuum with HEPA A filters and then dispose of filters in sealed containers with waste water from Decon. Bag gear in clear bags and clearly tagged as contaminated with asbestos. Have gear cleaned by outside company that is qualified to Decon asbestos.
( this is not our regular cleaning service)
4) Bag and Tag station wear as well
5) Proper PPE for bagging contaminated gear is medical gloves with N95 filter masks.

Question 64

106.1 Incident Involving Asbestos
Decon
What are the proper bagging procedures for PPE?

Answer 64

1) all bunker gear that is contaminated must be double bagged
First bag - in the yellow Bio- Hazard bag, and then in a clear bag.
Paperwork should be between both bags, visible for viewing.
Your info must be on the Bunker Suit Repair Order Form.

2) Nor bagged properly will not be accepted and sent back to the hall.
3) Contaminated Crews are to bag their own gear.

Question 65

106.1 Incident Involving Asbestos

Noteworthy Report ?

Answer 65

An exposure of any kind is a noteworthy incident and the following notifications are to be made

1) Platoon Chief
2) Divusion Commander - on call
3) Command Division Commander
4) Exposure Reports should be submitted.