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OBGYN > Firecracker > Flashcards

Firecracker Flashcards

1
Q

low estrogen levels

A

associated with complications (fetal death, ancephalophy)

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2
Q

morning sickness typically ends around

A

14-16 weeks

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3
Q

pregnancy - thyroid

A

increase thyroid globulin binding protein (due to increase in estrogen)
increases levels of T3, T4

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4
Q

placenta previa risk factors

A 
C/s
prior
multiparity or multiple gestations
AMA
smoking
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5
Q

placenta previa presents with

A

painless bleeding

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6
Q

postpartum hemorrhage treatment

A

1) pitocin
2) misoprostol OR methylergonavine OR carbopost
3) D/C or umbilical artery embolization OR hysterectomy

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7
Q

misoprostol

A

prostaglandin analogue

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8
Q

methylergonavine

A

vasoconstricted

don’t give to ppl with HTN

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9
Q

carboprost

A

prostaglandin analogue

CI: asthmatics

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10
Q

causes of endometritis

A

delivery

instrumentation of uterus

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11
Q

causes of uterine atony

A

macrosomic baby
polyhydraminos
mutiple gestations
uterine fibroids

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12
Q

BPP

A

FHR, amniontic index
fetal breathing, mvt, tone
less than 4 –> deliver

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13
Q

secondary syphilis

A

cold like symptoms
condyoma lata
menigitis, hepatitis, nephritis

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14
Q

post partum fever

A

endometritis
UTI
wound infection
septic thrombophlebitis

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15
Q

AUB - rule out

A

PCOS
thyroid
bleeding disorders

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16
Q

causes of polyhydraminos

A

gestational diabetes
anecephaly
tracheoesophageal fistula
esophageal atresia

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17
Q

risk factors for prolapsed umbilical cord

A

ROM of -2
fetus malpresentation
polyhydraminos

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18
Q

risk factors for placenta accreta

A

endometrial inflamm

previous c/s scar

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19
Q

IUFD risk factors

A

placental abruption
congenital abnormalities
postterm
placental insuff

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20
Q

cause of dysfunction UB

A

anovulation

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21
Q

PID treatment

A

IV doxy and cefoxitin

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22
Q

choriamnionitis treatment

A

ampicillin + gentamycin + clindamycin

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23
Q

shoulder dystocia risk factors

A

maternal diabetes, macrosomia
obesity
postterm pregnancy

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24
Q

recurrent pregnancy loss

A

hypercoaguable states (APA)
uterine anomalies
luteal phase defect
parental genetic anomalies

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25
Q

causes of hypomenorrheia

A

contraceptives
asherman’s
hypogonadism

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26
Q

causes of postpartum hemorrhage

A

uterine atony
lacerations
retained products of conception
DIC, uterine inversion

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27
Q

first trimester bleeding

A

SAB
ectopic pregnancy
healthy: postcoital spotting, cervical polyp

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28
Q

third trimester bleeding

A 
placenta previa
vasa previa
placental abruption
uterine rupture
fetal vessel rupture
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29
Q

submucosal fibroids

A

deep to endometrium
cause heavy bleeding
effects shape of uterine cavity

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30
Q

intramural fibroids

A

most common

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31
Q

subserosal fibroids

A

exterior of uterus

can impinge on uterus, other pelvic structures

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32
Q

prolapsed umbilical cord

A

variable decels

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33
Q

mini pill/progesterone works by

A

thickening cervix mucous

thinning endometrium

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34
Q

mini pill side effects

A

nausea, depression, hypertension

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35
Q

OCPs work by

A

inhibit follicle development, ovulation

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36
Q

OCP side effects

A

N/V, weight gain

headache

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37
Q

OCP Contraindictions

A

smokers >35
history of DVT
estrogen-related cancers
liver dz/elevated triglyceride

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38
Q

drospirenone

A

progestin with aldosterone-antagonist side effects

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39
Q

BC patch

A

can’t use with obesity

increased risk of DVT

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40
Q

Mullerian Ducts

A

uterus, fallopian tubes, superior vagina

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41
Q

septate uterus

A

incomplete fusion of mullerian ducts

42
Q

DES expsoure

A

T shaped uterus

43
Q

pts with unexposed estrogen

A 
obesity
exogenous estrogen
estrogen producing tumors
PCOS
anovulatory cycles
44
Q

treatment of endometrial hyperplasia

A

progesterone (causes deciduization of endometrium)

45
Q

atypical complex hyperplasia treatment

A

hysterectomy

46
Q

risk factors for endometriosis

A

family history
nulliparity
low BMI

47
Q

endometriosis mechanisms

A

retrograde menstruation
iatrogenic spread
vascular/lymphatic spread

48
Q

symptoms of endometriosis

A

infertility
Dysmenorrhea (painful menses)
Dyspareunia (painful sexual intercourse)
Dyschezia (painful defecation)

49
Q

levels possibily elevated in endometriosis

A

CA-125

50
Q

treatment for endo

A

nsaids, ocps, progestins, danazol, gnrh agonists

51
Q

endo most common sites

A

adnexa
rectouterine pouch of douglas
bowel, bladder, peritoneum

52
Q

lichen sclerosis

A

thinning
increased risk of vulvar SCC
treat with corticosteroids

53
Q

bartholin cysts - Atb

A

cover staph, gonorrhea

54
Q

Nabothian cyst

A

benign, mucus filled, on cervix

55
Q

discharge in ped patients

A

infection, foreign object, yeast infection, mass

56
Q

sarcoma botyryoides

A

bundle of grapes mass

57
Q

ovarian mass ddx

A 
functional
endometrioma
theca lutein cysts
neoplasms
metastatic carcinoma
58
Q

extra-ovarian mass ddx

A 
ectopic pregnancy
TOA
paraovarian cyst
fibroid
diverticular abscess
fallopian tube cancer
pelvic kidney
59
Q

ovarian mass - features of malignancy

A

solid
nodular
thick septations

60
Q

pain from dysmenorrhea begins

A

day 1-2 of cycle

61
Q

dysmenorrhea treatment

A

NSAIDs, celecoxib

OCPs

62
Q

fibroadenoma characteristics

A

mobile, solid, defined edges

63
Q

cystosarcoma phyllodes

A

> 5 cm

rare variant of fibroadenoma

64
Q

adenxal mass in child

A

ovarian torsion or ovarian malignancy

65
Q

gestational sac

A

5 weeks

66
Q

fetal pole

A

6 weeks

67
Q

fetal cardiac activity

A

6-7 weeks

68
Q

recurrent pregnancy loss

A

3 or more SAB

69
Q

Mifepristone

A

partial progesterone receptor agonist

70
Q

nexplanon side effects

A

breast pain, irregular bleeding

71
Q

IUD side effects

A

SAB
uterine perforation
expulsion

72
Q

detrusor muscle

A 
parasympathetic innervation (pelvic splachnic nerve)
contracts --> urination
73
Q

urge incontinence treatment

A

oxybutynin

74
Q

stress incontinence treatment

A

estrogen, imipramine
pessaries
surgery

75
Q

overflow incont causes

A

DM
MS
spinal cord injuries

76
Q

overflow incont treatment

A

alpha 1 blockers

cholinergic agents

77
Q

increased MSAFP

A

multiple gestations
fetal renal dz
placental bleeding
open NTD

78
Q

trisomy 21 quad screen

A

increased HCG, inhibin

decreased AFP, UCE

79
Q

ectopic pregnancy ultrasound findings

A

ring of fire

increased vascular flow to adnexa

80
Q

clomiphrene citrate

A

SERM

increase in FSH

81
Q

increased HCG in pregnancy

A

molar, hyperemesis
pre-eclampsia before 20 weeks
theca lutein ovarian cysts
hyperthyroidism

82
Q

Class A1 vs A2

A

diet controlled vs insulin controlled

83
Q

GLT

A

140

84
Q

GTT

A

95,180,155,140

85
Q

diabetic fetal complications

A

macrosomnia
IUGR
SAB

86
Q

Diabetic neonate complications

A

hypoglycemia, polycythemia
hypocalcemia
hyperbilirubinemia
RDS

87
Q

caudal regression syndrome

A

maternal DM, poor glycemic control during pregnancy

88
Q

dysgerminoma

A

malignant
turner’s
uniform cells
increased HCG and LDH

89
Q

treatment for germ cell ovarian cancer

A

unilateral SO
TAHBSO
chemo - bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin

90
Q

yolk sac tumor

A

endoderm
increased AFP
aggressive

91
Q

HPV 1-4

A

verruca vulgaris - skin and plantar warts

92
Q

condyloma acuminata

A

genital warts, 6 and 11

93
Q

koilocytic atypia

A

squamous epithelial cells with vacuoles

94
Q

ASCUS management

A

HPV neg - repeat

HPV post - colposocopy

95
Q

endometrial carcinoma risk factors

A

unopposed estrogen exposure
diabetes, HTN
HNPCC
tamoxifen

96
Q

endometrial simple hyperplasia

A

OCPs

97
Q

endometrial atypical hyperplasia

A

hysterectomy

98
Q

endometiral invasive carcinoma

A

surgery/chemo/rad

99
Q

corpus luteum cyst

A

blood accumulates in CL during pregnancy

regresses

100
Q

follicular cyst

A

fluid in mature or Grafian follicle
can rupture
increased estrogen

101
Q

theca lutein cyst

A

GnRH stimulation

multiple, bilateral –> associated with choriocarcinoma, moles

OBGYN (5 decks)

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