Firecracker Flashcards
low estrogen levels
associated with complications (fetal death, ancephalophy)
morning sickness typically ends around
14-16 weeks
pregnancy - thyroid
increase thyroid globulin binding protein (due to increase in estrogen)
increases levels of T3, T4
placenta previa risk factors
C/s prior multiparity or multiple gestations AMA smoking
placenta previa presents with
painless bleeding
postpartum hemorrhage treatment
1) pitocin
2) misoprostol OR methylergonavine OR carbopost
3) D/C or umbilical artery embolization OR hysterectomy
misoprostol
prostaglandin analogue
methylergonavine
vasoconstricted
don’t give to ppl with HTN
carboprost
prostaglandin analogue
CI: asthmatics
causes of endometritis
delivery
instrumentation of uterus
causes of uterine atony
macrosomic baby
polyhydraminos
mutiple gestations
uterine fibroids
BPP
FHR, amniontic index
fetal breathing, mvt, tone
less than 4 –> deliver
secondary syphilis
cold like symptoms
condyoma lata
menigitis, hepatitis, nephritis
post partum fever
endometritis
UTI
wound infection
septic thrombophlebitis
AUB - rule out
PCOS
thyroid
bleeding disorders
causes of polyhydraminos
gestational diabetes
anecephaly
tracheoesophageal fistula
esophageal atresia
risk factors for prolapsed umbilical cord
ROM of -2
fetus malpresentation
polyhydraminos
risk factors for placenta accreta
endometrial inflamm
previous c/s scar
IUFD risk factors
placental abruption
congenital abnormalities
postterm
placental insuff
cause of dysfunction UB
anovulation
PID treatment
IV doxy and cefoxitin
choriamnionitis treatment
ampicillin + gentamycin + clindamycin
shoulder dystocia risk factors
maternal diabetes, macrosomia
obesity
postterm pregnancy
recurrent pregnancy loss
hypercoaguable states (APA)
uterine anomalies
luteal phase defect
parental genetic anomalies
causes of hypomenorrheia
contraceptives
asherman’s
hypogonadism
causes of postpartum hemorrhage
uterine atony
lacerations
retained products of conception
DIC, uterine inversion
first trimester bleeding
SAB
ectopic pregnancy
healthy: postcoital spotting, cervical polyp
third trimester bleeding
placenta previa vasa previa placental abruption uterine rupture fetal vessel rupture
submucosal fibroids
deep to endometrium
cause heavy bleeding
effects shape of uterine cavity
intramural fibroids
most common
subserosal fibroids
exterior of uterus
can impinge on uterus, other pelvic structures
prolapsed umbilical cord
variable decels
mini pill/progesterone works by
thickening cervix mucous
thinning endometrium
mini pill side effects
nausea, depression, hypertension
OCPs work by
inhibit follicle development, ovulation
OCP side effects
N/V, weight gain
headache
OCP Contraindictions
smokers >35
history of DVT
estrogen-related cancers
liver dz/elevated triglyceride
drospirenone
progestin with aldosterone-antagonist side effects
BC patch
can’t use with obesity
increased risk of DVT
Mullerian Ducts
uterus, fallopian tubes, superior vagina
septate uterus
incomplete fusion of mullerian ducts
DES expsoure
T shaped uterus
pts with unexposed estrogen
obesity exogenous estrogen estrogen producing tumors PCOS anovulatory cycles
treatment of endometrial hyperplasia
progesterone (causes deciduization of endometrium)
atypical complex hyperplasia treatment
hysterectomy
risk factors for endometriosis
family history
nulliparity
low BMI
endometriosis mechanisms
retrograde menstruation
iatrogenic spread
vascular/lymphatic spread
symptoms of endometriosis
infertility
Dysmenorrhea (painful menses)
Dyspareunia (painful sexual intercourse)
Dyschezia (painful defecation)
levels possibily elevated in endometriosis
CA-125
treatment for endo
nsaids, ocps, progestins, danazol, gnrh agonists
endo most common sites
adnexa
rectouterine pouch of douglas
bowel, bladder, peritoneum
lichen sclerosis
thinning
increased risk of vulvar SCC
treat with corticosteroids
bartholin cysts - Atb
cover staph, gonorrhea
Nabothian cyst
benign, mucus filled, on cervix
discharge in ped patients
infection, foreign object, yeast infection, mass
sarcoma botyryoides
bundle of grapes mass
ovarian mass ddx
functional endometrioma theca lutein cysts neoplasms metastatic carcinoma
extra-ovarian mass ddx
ectopic pregnancy TOA paraovarian cyst fibroid diverticular abscess fallopian tube cancer pelvic kidney
ovarian mass - features of malignancy
solid
nodular
thick septations
pain from dysmenorrhea begins
day 1-2 of cycle
dysmenorrhea treatment
NSAIDs, celecoxib
OCPs
fibroadenoma characteristics
mobile, solid, defined edges
cystosarcoma phyllodes
> 5 cm
rare variant of fibroadenoma
adenxal mass in child
ovarian torsion or ovarian malignancy
gestational sac
5 weeks
fetal pole
6 weeks
fetal cardiac activity
6-7 weeks
recurrent pregnancy loss
3 or more SAB
Mifepristone
partial progesterone receptor agonist
nexplanon side effects
breast pain, irregular bleeding
IUD side effects
SAB
uterine perforation
expulsion
detrusor muscle
parasympathetic innervation (pelvic splachnic nerve) contracts --> urination
urge incontinence treatment
oxybutynin
stress incontinence treatment
estrogen, imipramine
pessaries
surgery
overflow incont causes
DM
MS
spinal cord injuries
overflow incont treatment
alpha 1 blockers
cholinergic agents
increased MSAFP
multiple gestations
fetal renal dz
placental bleeding
open NTD
trisomy 21 quad screen
increased HCG, inhibin
decreased AFP, UCE
ectopic pregnancy ultrasound findings
ring of fire
increased vascular flow to adnexa
clomiphrene citrate
SERM
increase in FSH
increased HCG in pregnancy
molar, hyperemesis
pre-eclampsia before 20 weeks
theca lutein ovarian cysts
hyperthyroidism
Class A1 vs A2
diet controlled vs insulin controlled
GLT
140
GTT
95,180,155,140
diabetic fetal complications
macrosomnia
IUGR
SAB
Diabetic neonate complications
hypoglycemia, polycythemia
hypocalcemia
hyperbilirubinemia
RDS
caudal regression syndrome
maternal DM, poor glycemic control during pregnancy
dysgerminoma
malignant
turner’s
uniform cells
increased HCG and LDH
treatment for germ cell ovarian cancer
unilateral SO
TAHBSO
chemo - bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin
yolk sac tumor
endoderm
increased AFP
aggressive
HPV 1-4
verruca vulgaris - skin and plantar warts
condyloma acuminata
genital warts, 6 and 11
koilocytic atypia
squamous epithelial cells with vacuoles
ASCUS management
HPV neg - repeat
HPV post - colposocopy
endometrial carcinoma risk factors
unopposed estrogen exposure
diabetes, HTN
HNPCC
tamoxifen
endometrial simple hyperplasia
OCPs
endometrial atypical hyperplasia
hysterectomy
endometiral invasive carcinoma
surgery/chemo/rad
corpus luteum cyst
blood accumulates in CL during pregnancy
regresses
follicular cyst
fluid in mature or Grafian follicle
can rupture
increased estrogen
theca lutein cyst
GnRH stimulation
multiple, bilateral –> associated with choriocarcinoma, moles