Firecracker 2 Flashcards
BLANK, a drug that inhibits 11β-hydroxlase (the final enzyme required to make cortisol), is used to determine cause of hypofunctional pituitary.
metyrapone
How does carbamazepine interact with the CYP-450 system?
inducer
acts as a blocker of sodium channels. It is effective in the treatment of partial seizures.
carbamazepine
Carbamazepine side effects.
Steven-Johnson Syndrome and blood dyscrasias (angranulocytosis, aplastic anemia).
Local anesthetics are often given with what other type of agent and why?
Often given with vasoconstrictors → increased local concentration while limiting systemic spread.
What are some side effects that can result from systemic toxicity of local anesthetics?
CNS: Tinnitus, disorientation, seizures.
CV: Hypotension, dysrhythmias, cardiac arrest.
GI: Nausea and vomiting.
Pulm: Respiratory arrest.
Imm: Local allergic reaction and even anaphylaxis.
Prevents disaccharides in the gut from their final degradation into monosaccharide by brush border enzymes prior to absorption.
α-glucosidase inhibitors: The 2 commonly used medications include Acarbose and Miglitol.
Which commonly used non-volatile anesthetic agent is contraindicated in situations of increased ICP?
Ketamine (increases cerebral metabolic rate and cerebral blood volume)
What is an example of a partial opioid agonist approved for opioid detoxification regimens?
Buprenorphine, a partial agonist of the μ receptor
acts on μ receptors in the CNS and results in a hyperpolarization of synaptic potentials and thus inhibits nerve fibers. It also acts at k receptors in the dorsal horn of the spinal chord to decrease the release of Substance P which mediates pain sensation.
Morphine
Potentiates the effect of GABA by increasing the duration of chloride channel opening. (Unlike BZDs, these drugs cause direct opening of Cl channels and can thus lead to overdose.)
Barbituates
What is the black box warning for droperidol?
can prolong QT interval (progressing to Torsades de pointes and ventricular fibrillation).
Commonly used medications include Glyburide, glipizide, and tolbutamide
sulfonylureas
What non-neurological adverse effects are associated with topiramate use and why?
also inhibits carbonic anhydrase, and resultant glaucoma, oligohydrosis, and hyperthermia have been reported. It is also associated with nephrolithiasis.
has several mechanisms of action including the blockage of sodium channels and the enhancement of GABA activity. It is approved for the treatment of partial seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures.
topiramate
GABA analog which curiously does not activate GABA receptors but instead may inhibit voltage gated calcium channels. It is approved as adjunct therapy for partial seizures and treatment of post-herpetic neuralgia.
Gabapentin
What is octreotide and what disorders can it be used to treat?
The drug octreotide is a somatostatin analogue used to block diarrhea associated with VIPomas, or high levels of GH or TSH from pituitary adenomas.
These drugs interfere with the function of thyroid peroxidase in organification of dietary iodide and conjugation to thyroglobulin.
Thioamides: Include PTU (propylthiouracil) and methimazole.
Inhibits T-type calcium channels in the thalamus. It is indicated as for treatment of generalized absence seizures and has a very narrow therapeutic window.
Ethosuximide
Ethosuximide side effects
Steven-Johnson, fatigue, GI distress, itching, headache
name two short acting insulines
semilente
regular
onset and duration of regular insulin
15 min onset, 2-5 hr duration
onset and duration of semilente insulin
15 min onset, 12 hr duration
what three tissues/organ systems are the major targets of insulin
liver, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle
