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Bates Academy Block Test 5 > Fire Suppression > Flashcards

Fire Suppression Flashcards

1
Q

Anchor Point

A

A safe location from which to begin line construction on a wildland fire.

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2
Q

Aspect

A

The direction a slope faces given in compass directions.

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3
Q

Autoextended

A

When a fire goes out the window on one floor, up the side of the building, which is often noncombustible, and extends through the window or cockloft directly above.

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4
Q

Box Canyon

A

A canyon open on one end and closed on the other. They become very dangerous when wildfire enters them.

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5
Q

Chimney

A

A topographic feature on the side of a hill or mountain that naturally collects water runoff, channeling it to the bottom of the rise. Fire attracted to this feature. Also referred to as drainage.

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6
Q

Combination Attack

A

A combined attack based on partial use of both offensive and defensive attack modes.

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7
Q

Defensive Attack

A

A calculated attack on part of a problem or situation in an effort to hold ground until sufficient resources are available to convert to an offensive form of attack.

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8
Q

Drainage

A

A topographic feature on the side of a bill or mountain that naturally collects water runoff, channeling it to the bottom of the rise. Fire is attracted to this feature. Also referred to as a chimney or fire chimney.

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9
Q

Exposure Fire

A

Any combustible item threatened by something burning nearby that has caught on fire.

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10
Q

Fire Intensity

A

A measurement of BTUs produced by a fire. Sometimes measures in flame length in the wildland environment.

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11
Q

Flanks of the Fire

A

The sides of a wild land fire running from the start point up each side to the end of the fire running into unburned areas.

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12
Q

Garden Apartment

A

A two- or three-story apartment building with common entryways and layouts on each floor, surrounded by greenery and landscaping, sometimes having porches or patios.

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13
Q

Ground Fault Interrupter (GFI)

A

An electrical switch that will trip when electrical current is interrupted or shortened. It may be reset when the cause of the interruption is corrected.

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14
Q

Head of the Fire

A

The running top or aggressive end of the fire away from the start point.

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15
Q

Interface Firefighting

A

Fighting wildland fire and protecting exposed structures in rural settings.

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16
Q

Midslope

A

An area partway up a slope. Any location not on the bottom or top of a slope, as in a mid-slope road crossing the slope horizontally.

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17
Q

Offensive Attack

A

An aggressive attack on a situation where resources are adequate and capable of handling the situation.

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18
Q

Rate of Spread

A

A ground cover fire’s forward movement or spread speed. Usually expressed in chains or acres per hour.

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19
Q

RECEO

A

Acronym coined by Lloyd Layman standing for Rescue, Exposures, Confinement, Extinguishment, and Overhaul.

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20
Q

Ridge

A

The land runningbetween mountain peaks or along a wide peak. A high area separating two drainages running parallel with them.

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21
Q

River Bottom

A

Topographic feature where water runs from higher elevations to lower. Can be dry or wet depending on season or recent rains.

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22
Q

Saddle

A

A pass betewen two peaks that has a lower elevation than the peaks. Wind will pass through this area faster than over the peaks, so fire is drawn into this feature.

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23
Q

Stairwell

A

An enclosed stairway attached to the side of a high-rise building or in the center core of the same.

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24
Q

Steepness of Slope

A

The degree of incline or vertical rise to a given piece of land.

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25
Q

The four factors to be taken into consideration for structural fire components?

A
  1. Length of time the fire has been burning.
  2. Building construction materials.
  3. Occupancy type and contents.
  4. Resources available (water, staffing, equipment)
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26
Q

What is the fire triangle for wildfire considerations?

A

Weather, Topography, and Fuel

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27
Q

Which of the wildland fire triangle is the most dynamic?

A

Weather

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28
Q

What is the number one cause of wildland fire fatalities?

A

Weather

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29
Q

T/F some ground cover is so large it can create its own weather?

A

True

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30
Q

The two main variables in fuels and their effects on fire?

A

Rate of Spread and Intensity

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31
Q

Which type of fuel will provide for the fastest fire spread?

A

Lighter or finer fuel.

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32
Q

What are the aspects of weather?

A

Temperature, Relative Humidity, Atmospheric Stability, Wind Speed and Direction, Precipitation.

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33
Q

What are the aspects of fuels?

A

Fuel loading, Size and Shape, Compactness, Horizontal Continuity, Vertical Continuity, Chemical Content.

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34
Q

What is the relationship between rate of spread and intensity?

A

They are inverse of each other i.e. lighter fuels that burn faster have less intensity.

35
Q

How high can flames run up into the air over a timber or brush fire?

A

100 ft.

36
Q

What are the aspects of topography?

A

Elevation, Position on Slope, Aspect, Shape of Country, Steepness of Slope

37
Q

At what angle will a fire double its rate of spread? Then double again?

A

0-30% and 55%

38
Q

In the western US which slopes are preheating?

A

Southern facing slopes

39
Q

Hydraulic filled bumper systems can propel a bumper how far in a fire?

A

40 feet

40
Q

Where is there the most potential for a class fire on a car?

A

The battery, the chance of high voltage wires on a hybrid are remote.

41
Q

The primary danger in a passenger compartment are?

A

The materials used in construction such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and is very toxic when burned.

42
Q

Where else can hydraulic pistons be found on a car?

A

Liftgates on hatchbacks and hoods.

43
Q

How can airbags be disarmed?

A

Cutting power to the battery and waiting some time before working around the bag. The side air bag can be disarmed by cutting the power cord running up the side of the seat from the floor to the bag.

44
Q

What should be ready when opening any compartment in the car?

A

Hose line

45
Q

What should you do if you have a possible fuel leak?

A

Secure all possible ignition sources

46
Q

What types of fuels to cars run on today?

A

Gas, diesel, natural gas, electric, hydrogen, and steam.

47
Q

A vehicle is approximately what size?

A

8ft by 20ft

48
Q

Generally speaking the longer it takes to find a fire…

A

The longer it takes to put out.

49
Q

How is a direct attack performed?

A

Using a straight stream onto the seat of the fire in short bursts.

50
Q

When and how is an indirect attack performed?

A

When you cannot see the seat of the fire and you use a fog stream is applied to the upper areas of the room to steam the fire.

51
Q

A combination attack is…

A

A shot at the seat of the fire and then fog the overhead.

52
Q

If a large line is needed when should it be pulled?

A

Right away and go smaller later if needed.

53
Q

The first line pulled should be positioned where?

A

Between the potential victims and the fire.

54
Q

The factors of stream selection are:

A

Stream type, size, placement, timeing, water supply or quantity of water, stream reach, mobility needs, tactics required, speed of deployment, and personnel available.

55
Q

What different groups mandate ICS?

A

OSHA, NFPA, and NIMS

56
Q

The most common exposure is?

A

A structure next to the building that is burning.

57
Q

It is common practice to attack fires from which side of the building?

A

From the unburned side, the line will be brought between the fire and its intended direction of travel.

58
Q

In which stage of RECEO does fire investigation take place?

A

Overhaul

59
Q

What are some terrorist threats posed to firefighters?

A

Undetonated explosives: secondary explosives, low order explosives, malfunctions
Structural instability: collapses, debris, power lines, leaking mains
Fire
Hazardous Materials
Biohazards

60
Q

What are some of the hardest fires to fight?

A

Below ground/basements

61
Q

The key to fighting a basement fire is?

A

To ventilate as soon as possible.

62
Q

What is the primary role of the first-in company on a basement fire?

A

Get water on the fire so it does not run up the steps.

63
Q

What is the primary role for the second-in engine company?

A

Assist with ventilation and pull a back up line.

64
Q

If it is not possible to access the basement what must be done?

A

Cut a hole in the floor above the fire and use stream or foam from there.

65
Q

What is the percentage of fires extinguished or confined in sprinklered buildings?

A

Over 94%

66
Q

What are the three utilities that will need secured?

A

Gas, Electrical, and Water

67
Q

What are the four factors involved in exposure fires?

A

Wind, Distance, Material, and Intensity of Fire

68
Q

The ways to protect an exposure from fire is based on what?

A

Heat transfer, conduction, convection, and radiation.

69
Q

What should you use to maintain safety whether at a structure fire or wild land fire?

A

A lookout

70
Q

During ground cover or wildland fires what are the objectives?

A

Confine the spread.
Guide the fire.
Operate from a position of strength and safety.

71
Q

Where should you be according to the book during a wildland fire to enhance safety?

A

In or near the burn, walking with one foot in the black and one in the green.

72
Q

What is the term used when there is a team on each side of the flank that meet at the other end?

A

Parallel attack

73
Q

What are the most common reasons for vehicle fires?

A

Collision resulting in leaking fuel and sparks.
Electrical problems causing short circuits.
Overheated components such as tires, engines, or brakes
Muffler and catalytic converter problems.
Discarded smoking materials.
Arson

74
Q

What does the NFPA recommend for a vehicle fire?

A

At least a 1 1/2” hose line and preferably a combination nozzle with a partial fog of about 30 degree pattern initially.

75
Q

Overhaul should be conducted only to the extent that?

A

Ensure extinguishment is complete.

76
Q

What are the types of fuels used in vehicular types?

A

Flex-fuels
Bi-fuels
Compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquified petroleum gas (LPG)
Electric vehicles

77
Q

Flex fuel is normally what mix?

A

85% ethanol (or methanol) and 15 gas (E85)

78
Q

Quickest way to identify flex fuel vehicles?

A

Stickers or symbols on or in the vehicle.

79
Q

Bi fuel vehicles have two separate fuel systems that consist of?

A

One runs on gas or diesel and the other runs on CNG or LPG

80
Q

What is the problem with a fuel line in an CNG or LPG car?

A

They are high pressure fuel lines

81
Q

Special considerations for electric fueled cars are?

A

Attack on a fire in the battery compartment should be done for the specific battery type and no high voltage wires (red or orange) should be cut.

82
Q

To protect fire fighters on a roadway how far away should protection areas begin?

A

50 feet away.

83
Q

The best place to place flares on a scene are?

A

Twice the distance of the posted speed limit.

84
Q

How can you penetrate materials in deep seated fires?

A

Use tool such as a pike pole to break up materials, or dozer if larger pile. If in a truck consider it to be dumped while water is applied.
Use light water
Fill dumpster completely

Bates Academy Block Test 5 (4 decks)

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