Fire side notes (enzyme and homeostasis)

Question 1

What causes enzymes to denature?

Answer 1

high temperature ( animals enzymes denature at 40-44C) , when beyond optimal pH, heavy metals,

Question 2

definition of endocrine

Answer 2

Glands that secrete hormones directly into blood

Question 3

definition of exocrine

Answer 3

secrete their hormones into DUCTS

Question 4

when there is less time on the graph, what does this prove of the reaction?

Answer 4

the reaction rate is quicker

Question 5

what is the role of thyroxin?

Answer 5

A peptide hormone which affects all body cells. increases rate of cellular respiration and metabolic rate

Question 6

Name the receptors and their functions

Answer 6

Chemoreceptor: responds to chemical substances
Photoreceptors: respond to light energy
Baroreceptor: detects changes in blood pressure
Stretch receptors: detect degree of lung inflation
Thermoreceptor: respond to temp. located in hypothalamus and skin
They all generate nerve impulses to the nervous system

Question 7

what is enzyme inhibition?

Answer 7

occurs when an active enzyme is prevented from combining with its substrate, feedback inhibition regulates almost every enzyme in a cell

Question 8

what type of reaction puts things together?

Answer 8

dehydration

Question 9

what type of reaction breaks things apart?

Answer 9

hydrolysis

Question 10

positive feedback definition

Answer 10

a mechanism that makes the original stimulus more intense. does not restore homeostasis, actually takes it further away from it.

Question 11

negative feedback definition

Answer 11

mechanism used to decrease the effect of the stimulus,

Question 12

what helps the hypothalamus detect thyroxin?

Answer 12

pituitary gland

Question 13

posion in toddler?

Answer 13

poison inhibits enzymes

Question 14

Name the different parts of enzymes

Answer 14

[APOENZYME] + [COFACTOR] —-> [HOLOENZYME]

[INORGANIC ION] [ORGANIC ION]

Question 15

difference between coenzyme and cofactor

Answer 15

cofactors are the necessary ions or molecules needed for an enzyme to function properly

coenzymes are the organic, non-protein factors

(inorganic co-factors include copper, zinc, iron magnesium, senium, etc)

Question 16

Examples of a negative feedback system

Answer 16

blood pressure, blood pH, and blood glucose levels are maintained by negative feed back mechanisms

Question 17

examples of a positive feedback system

Answer 17

When a woman gives birth, and nursing a baby

Question 18

describe active site

Answer 18

the site of attachment on an enzyme

Question 19

describe allosteric site

Answer 19

non active site on an enzyme,

Question 20

What do baroreceptors do?

Answer 20

Baroreceptor: detects changes in blood pressure

Question 21

difference between a catalyzed and non-catalyzed enzyme

Answer 21

non-catalyzed/ no enzyme: higher energy needed to activate reactants. Therefore reaction is slower

Catalyzed/ with enzyme: Lower energy of activation needed to activate the reactants. The reaction is faster

Question 22

what happens to molecules when increased temp, and activation energy

Answer 22

increases the number of successful collisions between reactions

Question 23

define metabolism

Answer 23

all the chemical reactions occurring within your body

Question 24

Examples of irreversible inhibitors

Answer 24

cyanide inhibits an essential enzyme called cytochorome c oxide involved in cellular respiration

penicillin- an antibiotic which inhibits enzyme needed for bacteria to build its cell wall during growth and cell division

sulfoamide drugs- antibiotics which blocks an enzyme that breaks down PABA in bacteria

Question 25

How can an inhibitor be reversible?

Answer 25

if it can unbind from the allosteric site, happens if the end-product’s concentration is too low

Question 26

when does enzyme inhibition occur?

Answer 26

when an active enzyme is prevented from combining with its substrate

Question 27

purpose of a catalyst

Answer 27

work to speed up chemical reactions by lowering the EA. Catalysts are not used up during a chemical reaction.

Question 28

Concentration of substrate graph

Answer 28

to increase rate of activity add enzyme, products are made at a constant rate, reaction will increase until all active sites on enzymes are saturated

Question 29

Concentration of enzymes graph

Answer 29

to increase rate add more substrate, increasing graph will result in more products until all substrates are acted upon

Question 30

The metabolic rate is determined by what organelle in the cell?

Answer 30

mitochondria because it makes ATP