Enzymes & Homeostasis

Question 1

In an enzyme catalyzed reaction, reaction rate will continue to increase with the addition of more substrate until all enzyme active sites are _______. The addition of more substrate beyond this point will result in no increase in reaction rate.

Answer 1

saturated

Question 2

components of body which detect temperature changes.

Answer 2

thermo-receptors

Question 3

the enzyme maltose decomposes the sugar ______

Answer 3

maltose

Question 4

this enzyme catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide

Answer 4

catalase

Question 5

if your body temperature drops below normal, your brain may direct your body to start involuntary muscle contractions which makes your body start to _______

Answer 5

shiver

Question 6

components of the body which detect light

Answer 6

photoreceptors

Question 7

when the product of an enzyme catalyzed reaction binds to the _____ site on the enzyme, it causes a change to the shape of the active site and the enzyme becomes temporarily inactive

Answer 7

allosteric

Question 8

glands secrete hormones directly into the blood

Answer 8

endocrine

Question 9

glands secrete hormones into ducts

Answer 9

exocrine

Question 10

an _____ occurs to correct the situation when a receptor detects that conditions in the body are out of normal range

Answer 10

adaptive response

Question 11

the idea that the active site modifies its shape as it forms the enzyme-substrate complex

Answer 11

induced fit

Question 12

every enzyme has an optimal ____ at which it will work in the body. The exact value of this will depend upon where in the body that enzyme is functioning. Values too far above OR below optimal will result in denaturation of the enzyme.

Answer 12

PH

Question 13

in order to function properly, enzymes require an additional substance called a ______, which are typically inorganic ions of metalas

Answer 13

cofactor

Question 14

cofactors can belong to this group of substances

Answer 14

metals

Question 15

enzymes are said to be ______ because each enzyme catalyzes only one type of reaction

Answer 15

specific

Question 16

enzyme activity can be produced when temperatures become too ____, however this situation can be reversed

Answer 16

cold

Question 17

a biological catalyst is called a(n) __________

Answer 17

enzyme

Question 18

words used to describe a substance which will combine with the active site of an enzyme during a reaction

Answer 18

substrate

Question 19

negative feedback ______ occurs when the increase in the [product] of an enzyme catalyzed reaction causes the rate of that reaction to slow by inhibiting the associated enzyme

Answer 19

inhibition

Question 20

maintaining the internal environment of the body at equilibrium

Answer 20

homeostasis

Question 21

the model that considers the substrate and active site to be a perfect fit for each other

Answer 21

lock and key

Question 22

components of the body which detect chemical changes

Answer 22

chemoreceptors

Question 23

the protein portion of an enzyme is called the ______

Answer 23

apoenzyme

Question 24

components of the body which detect changes in blood pressure

Answer 24

pressure receptors

Question 25

blood pressure, blood pH, and blood glucose levels are all part of ______ feedback systems where the correction of the level which is out of range leads to a SLOWING or CEASING of the corrective measure

Answer 25

negative

Question 26

insulin is an example of a _____ hormone

Answer 26

peptide

Question 27

______ feedback systems are very rare in humanas, but are present in situations like childbirth and breastfeeding

Answer 27

positive

Question 28

the _____ energy is the amount of energy that is required to get a chemical reaction started

Answer 28

activation

Question 29

this word refers to the combination of all the chemical reactions that are occurring within an organism

Answer 29

metabolism

Question 30

a organic, but non-protein substance (eg. vitamin) which place a role in forming a functioning enzyme

Answer 30

coenzyme

Question 31

in order to cool your body, blood vessels near the surface of the skin will _____

Answer 31

dilate

Question 32

______ feedback systems are very rare in humans, but are present in situations like childbirth and breastfeeding

Answer 32

positive

Question 33

all enzyme names end in this prefix

Answer 33

“ase”

Question 34

increasing this factor will increase the rate of the chemical reaction

Answer 34

surface area

Question 35

are chemical messengers which help cells communicate with each other

Answer 35

hormones

Question 36

receptors for regulating body temperature are located in this part of the brain

Answer 36

hypothalamus

Question 37

this word is what happens when to a protein when its shape is changed by being exposed to heat or certain chemicals

Answer 37

denature

Question 38

organic, but non-protein cofactors are often derived from these substances

Answer 38

vitamins

Question 39

enzyme activity can be greatly reduced when temperatures get too ____. this situation is irreversible

Answer 39

hot

Question 40

this enlargement of the throat can occur due to either hypothyroidism OR hyperthyroidism

Answer 40

goiter

Question 41

lipid based hormones are composed of _____

Answer 41

steroids

Question 42

the portion of an enzyme that binds with the substrate

Answer 42

active site

Question 43

a _______ increases the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy

Answer 43

catalyst

Question 44

a solution with a higher ______ will provide a faster reaction than a solution with one that is lower

Answer 44

concentration

Question 45

a factor affecting the rate of a chemical reaction

Answer 45

temperature

Question 46

many ____ are inhibitor that permanently bind to the active site of enzymes, rendering them inactive

Answer 46

posions

Question 47

the term metabolic _______ refers to a sequence of enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions which are all linked together

Answer 47

pathway