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Pneumo > Fire Facts > Flashcards

Fire Facts Flashcards

1
Q

What is the hallmark sign for COPD? (Ratios)

A

Decreased FEV1 to FVC ratio

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2
Q

What is the hallmark sign of a Restrictive Lung disease?

A

A decrease in lung capacity, and a normal FEV1/FVC ratio

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3
Q

How does the emphysema from smoking different from alpha-1-anti trypsin deficiency?

A

The emphysema from smoking is typically Centricacinar (centribulbar) while emphysema from alpha-1-antiprypsin deficiency is Panacinar

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4
Q

What are the causes of a trasudative pleural effusion?

A
  • CHF
  • Cirrhosis
  • Nephrotic Syndrome
  • Pulmonary embolus
  • Fluid overload
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5
Q

What are the causes of exudative pleural effusions?

A
  • Pneumonia
  • Infection
  • TB
  • Cancer
  • Uremia
  • Connective tissue disease
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6
Q

What is the triad in Kartagener Syndrome? What is the defect?

A

Triad:
Situs Inversus
Bronchiectasis
Recurrent sinusitis

Dynein arm defect—> immotile cilia

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7
Q

What lung tumors arise centrally in the lung and are linked to smoking? Which tumors tend to arise peripherally in the lung?

A

Central - squamous cell, small cell: smoking central S sounds

Peripherally - Adenocarcinoma, Large Cell carcinoma

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8
Q

How is alveolar 02 calculated?

A

Alveolar gas equation

PAO2 = 150mmHg - (PaCO2/0.8)

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9
Q

What is the A-a gradient?

A

PAO2 - PaO2

Normally around 10 to 15… (a big change is bad news, no oxygenation)

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10
Q 
What is being described:
Inadequate PaO2 due to the following:
-High Altitude 
-Hypoventilation
-Pulmonary fibrosis
- R to L cardiac shunt 
-V/Q mismatch
A

Hypoxemia

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11
Q 
What is being described:
Inadequate O2 delivery to organs/tissue:
-Anemia
-CO poisoning 
-Low cardiac output 
-Hypoxemia
A

Hypoxia

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12
Q

What pathology is being described:
Inadequate perfusion
-Obstruction of arterial flow (MI or stroke)
-Reduced venous drainage

A

Ischemia

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13
Q

What are the sinus cavities associated with sinusitis?

A

Ethmoid, frontal, maxillary, and sphenoid sinuses

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14
Q

What is Virchow’s triad for a DVT?

A
  • Stasis (post op, long drive/flight)
  • Hypercoagulability (OCPs, defect in coagulation proteins-factor V, pregnancy)
  • Endothelial damage (exposed collagen - vessel trauma, fractures, bacterial infections, foreign bodies)
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15
Q

What are the associated Obstructive Lung Diseases?

A
  • Chronic bronchitis
  • Emphysema
  • Asthma
  • Bronchiectasis
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16
Q

Px presents with short shallow breaths with equally decreased lung volumes. What are some associated Restrictive Lung Diseases?

A 
Pneumoconiosis 
Sarcoidosis 
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis 
Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis 
ARDS
17
Q

Imaging shows peripheral reticular opacities with traction Bronchiectasis +/- “honeycomb” appearance of Lung. What pathology is at hand?

A

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Pneumo (4 decks)

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