Fire Facts Flashcards
What is the hallmark sign for COPD? (Ratios)
Decreased FEV1 to FVC ratio
What is the hallmark sign of a Restrictive Lung disease?
A decrease in lung capacity, and a normal FEV1/FVC ratio
How does the emphysema from smoking different from alpha-1-anti trypsin deficiency?
The emphysema from smoking is typically Centricacinar (centribulbar) while emphysema from alpha-1-antiprypsin deficiency is Panacinar
What are the causes of a trasudative pleural effusion?
- CHF
- Cirrhosis
- Nephrotic Syndrome
- Pulmonary embolus
- Fluid overload
What are the causes of exudative pleural effusions?
- Pneumonia
- Infection
- TB
- Cancer
- Uremia
- Connective tissue disease
What is the triad in Kartagener Syndrome? What is the defect?
Triad:
Situs Inversus
Bronchiectasis
Recurrent sinusitis
Dynein arm defect—> immotile cilia
What lung tumors arise centrally in the lung and are linked to smoking? Which tumors tend to arise peripherally in the lung?
Central - squamous cell, small cell: smoking central S sounds
Peripherally - Adenocarcinoma, Large Cell carcinoma
How is alveolar 02 calculated?
Alveolar gas equation
PAO2 = 150mmHg - (PaCO2/0.8)
What is the A-a gradient?
PAO2 - PaO2
Normally around 10 to 15… (a big change is bad news, no oxygenation)
What is being described: Inadequate PaO2 due to the following: -High Altitude -Hypoventilation -Pulmonary fibrosis - R to L cardiac shunt -V/Q mismatch
Hypoxemia
What is being described: Inadequate O2 delivery to organs/tissue: -Anemia -CO poisoning -Low cardiac output -Hypoxemia
Hypoxia
What pathology is being described:
Inadequate perfusion
-Obstruction of arterial flow (MI or stroke)
-Reduced venous drainage
Ischemia
What are the sinus cavities associated with sinusitis?
Ethmoid, frontal, maxillary, and sphenoid sinuses
What is Virchow’s triad for a DVT?
- Stasis (post op, long drive/flight)
- Hypercoagulability (OCPs, defect in coagulation proteins-factor V, pregnancy)
- Endothelial damage (exposed collagen - vessel trauma, fractures, bacterial infections, foreign bodies)
What are the associated Obstructive Lung Diseases?
- Chronic bronchitis
- Emphysema
- Asthma
- Bronchiectasis
Px presents with short shallow breaths with equally decreased lung volumes. What are some associated Restrictive Lung Diseases?
Pneumoconiosis Sarcoidosis Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Granulomatosis with polyangiitis Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis ARDS
Imaging shows peripheral reticular opacities with traction Bronchiectasis +/- “honeycomb” appearance of Lung. What pathology is at hand?
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
