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Fire Academy > Fire Behavior Chp. 5 > Flashcards

Fire Behavior Chp. 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Fire

A

a rapid chemical process that produces heat and usually light pg. 129

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2
Q

Matter

A

Is made up of atoms and molecules pg. 129

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3
Q

Solids

A

pg. 129

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4
Q

Liquid

A

most liquids contract when cooled and expand when heated. pg. 129

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5
Q

Gas

A

a type of liquid that has neither independent shape nor independent volume, but rather tends to expand indefinitely. pg. 129

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6
Q

Fuels

A

are form of energy

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7
Q

Chemical Energy

A

the energy created by a chemical reaction. pg. 129

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8
Q

Mechanical Energy

A

is converted to heat when two materials rub against each other and create friction. pg. 129

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9
Q

Electrical Energy

A

is converted to heat energy in several different ways. pg. 129

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10
Q

Fire Triangle

A

heat+oxygen+fuel= FIRE

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11
Q

Fire Tetrrahedron

A

heat+oxygen+fuel+chemical chain reaction= Fire

pg. 129

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12
Q

atom

A

smallest unit of matter pg. 129

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13
Q

Oxidation

A

is the process in which oxygen combines chemically w/ another substance to create a new compound. pg. 129

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14
Q

Combustion

A

is a rapid chemical process in which the combination of a substance w/ oxygen produces heat and light. pg. 129

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15
Q

Pyrolysis

A

is the decomposition of a material brought about by heat in the absence o oxygen. pg. 129

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16
Q

Conduction

A

is the process of transferring heat through matter by movement of the kinetic energy from one particle to another. pg. 130

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17
Q

Convection

A

is the circulatory movement that occurs in a gas or fluid w/ areas of differing temperatures owing to the variation of the density and the action of gravity. pg 130

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18
Q

plume

A

heated gases and smoke that rises high in the air. pg. 130

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19
Q

Radiation

A

the transfer of heat through the emission of energy in the form of invisible waves

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20
Q

Thermal Radiation

A

how heat transfers to other objects

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21
Q

Class A

A

ordinary solid combustible materials such as wood, paper, cloth. pg. 134

22
Q

Class B

A

involve flammable or combustible liquids such as gasoline, kerosine, diesel fuel, and motor oil.

23
Q

Class C

A

involve energized electrical equipment

24
Q

Class D

A

involve combustible metals such as sodium, magnesium, and titanium.

25
Q

Class K

A

involve combustible cooking oils and fats in the kitchens.

26
Q

Ignition phase

A

the phase of a fire development in which fire is limited to the immediate point of origin

27
Q

Growth phase

A

the phase of fire development in which the fire is spreading beyond the point of origin and beginning to involve other fuels in the immediate area.

28
Q

Fully developed phase

A

the phase of fire development in which the fire is free-burning and consuming much of the fuel.

29
Q

Growth phase

A

the phase of fire development in which the fire is spreading beyond the point of origin and beginning to involve other fuels in the immediate area.

30
Q

Decay phase

A

the phase of fire development in which the fire has consumed either the available fuel or oxygen and is starting to die down.

31
Q

Key principles of Solid-Fuel Fire Development

A
  • Hot gases and flame are lighter and tend to rise.
  • Convection is the primary factor in spreading the fire upward.
  • Downward spread of the fire occurs primarily from radiation and falling chunks of flaming material
  • If there is not more fuel above or beside the initial flame that can be ignited by convection or radiated heat, the fire will go out
  • Variations in the direction of upward fire spread will occur if (and when) air currents deflect the flame
  • The total material burned reflects the intensity of the heat and the duration of the exposure to the heat
  • An adequate supply of oxygen must be available to fuel a free-burning fire, although some parts of the flame may have a limited supply of oxygen
32
Q

Flashover

A

the temperature in the room reaches a point where the combustible contents of the room ignite all at once. It is not a specific moment but rather a transition from a fire that is growing by igniting one type of fuel to another, to a fire where all of the exposed fuel in the room is one fire. Temperature is approximately 1000 F.

33
Q

Flameover aka rollover

A

is the flaming ignition of hot gases that are layered in a developing room or compartment fire.

34
Q

Thermal layering

A

is a property of gases such that the gases rise as they are heated and form layers w/in a room.

35
Q

Backdraft

A

The sudden explosive ignition of fire gases when oxygen is introduced into a superheated space previously deprived of oxygen.

36
Q

S/S of Backdraft

A
  • Any confined fire w/ a large heat buildup
  • Little visible flame from the exterior of the building
  • A “living fire” smoke puffing from the building that looks like it is breathing
  • Smoke that seem to be pressurized
  • Smoke-stained windows (an indication of a significant fire)
  • Turbulent smoke
  • Ugly yellowish smoke (containing sulfur compounds)
37
Q

Volatility

A

The ability of a substance to produce combustible vapors.

38
Q

Flash point

A

is the lowest temperature at which a liquid produces a flammable vapor

39
Q

Flame point (aka fire point)

A

is the lowest temperature at which a liquid produces enough vapor to sustain a continuous fire.

40
Q

Vapor density

A

refers to the weight of a gas fuel and measures the weight of the gas compared to air.

41
Q

Lower flammable limit

A

refers to the minimum amount of gaseous fuel that must be present in a gas-air mixture for the mixture to be flammable

42
Q

Upper flammable limit

A

The maximum amount of gaseous fuel that can be present in the air for the air/fuel mixture to be flammable or explosive.

43
Q

(BLEVE) boiling liquid, expanding vapor explosion

A

when a liquid fuel is stored in a vessel under pressure. The vessel is partly filled with the liquid, w/ the rest of the vessel being occupied by the same compound in the form of a vapor. A propane tank is an example.

44
Q

Smoke volume

A

the quantity of smoke, which indicates how much fuel is being heated

45
Q

Smoke velocity

A

speed at which smoke is leaving the building suggest how much pressure is accumulating in the building.

46
Q

Laminar smoke flow

A

is a smooth or streamlined flow

47
Q

Turbulent smoke flow

A

agitated, boiling, or angry smoke

Flashover is likely to happen.

48
Q

Smoke density

A

thickness of the smoke. suggest how much fuel is contained in the smoke.

49
Q

Color of smoke

A

gives you some indication of which stage the fire is in and which substances are burning.
Solids- emit a white colored smoke when they are first heated
Plastics and painted or stained surfaces emit a gray smoke
Blacker the color the hotter the smoke

50
Q

Black Fire

A

a high volume, high velocity, turbulent, ultra dense
Think of it as if it were fire.
Temp is above 1000 F

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