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Electrical Level 3 and 4 > Fire Alarms > Flashcards

Fire Alarms Flashcards

1
Q

Basic components of a FA system

A

Initiating devices
Alarm/Signalling devices
Control Panel (FACU)

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2
Q

What is the purpose of initiating devices and some examples?

A

Detect the presence of a fire manually or automatically

  • Smoke detectors
  • Heat Detectors
  • Pull Stations
  • Flame detectors
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3
Q

What are 3 types of signalling devices?

A

Bells
Horns
Strobes

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4
Q

What is the control panel (FACU) ?

A

Contains power supply and circuitry for operating, monitoring and troubleshooting

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5
Q

Annunicator Panel

A
  • A device used to visually display signals received from a FA system.
  • Usually located at main entrances
  • Typically graphical
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6
Q

What is an ancillary device?

A

A device from another protection system that is actuated by the FA system.

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7
Q

Examples of ancillary devices?

A 
Fan shutdowns
Fan start up
Fire door magnets
Door lock releases
Elevator homing
Plenum dampers
Fire phones
City tie module (CTM)
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8
Q

What are the 3 communication systems?

A

Simplex
Half duplex
Full duplex

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9
Q

Simplex system

A

One way only

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10
Q

Half duplex system

A

both ways but only one way at a time (share channel)

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11
Q

Full duplex system

A

Both ways at the same time (2 channels)

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12
Q

Single stage FA system

A
  • Any initiating device will cause signalling devices to be activated.
  • Schools, apartments, warehouses, and industrial plants
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13
Q

Two stage FA system

A
  • Any initiating device will first activate an alert signal and if not responded to within 5 min. an alarm signal will sound
  • Hospitals, manors, airports, hotels, department stores.
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14
Q

The alert signal for a 2 stage system is meant for?

A
  • Designated persons who may activate the GA at any time
  • Allows supervisory staff to investigate and react as needed
  • Requires trained personnel 24/7
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15
Q

The first alert on 2 stage system is commonly ____ bell strokes/min and the full alarm is ____ bell strokes/min.

A

20

120

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16
Q

What is a Zone in a building FA system?

A

A defined location that is covered by initiating devices on one circuit (non-addressable circuit)

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17
Q

A zone with a defined area with assigned initiating devices is?

A

Addressable

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18
Q

What typically determines the number of zones needed?

A

Size of the building

Occupancy type of the building

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19
Q

A building with an area of _____ square meters or less than ___ stories may be on a single zone.

A

2000

3

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20
Q

Hospitals must have ____ of zones

A

100s

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21
Q

Nursing homes must have how many zones?

A

2 zones per floor

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22
Q

What does AHJ stand for ?

A

Authority
Having
Jurisdiction

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23
Q

Pull station specs

A
  • Use a N.O. single pole switch operated by pull handle
  • Glass or brittle plastic rod used to indicate which station was pulled
  • Psychological deterent
  • Bright red and must be visible from front and sides
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24
Q

Pull stations are mounted?

A

1.05m to 1.15m AFF to centre

Within 1 arm length

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25
Q

Where are pull stations installed?

A

On all floors including basements, corridors, large assembly rooms > 60 people, lobbies, exits to stairwells and building exits.

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26
Q

A 2 stage pull station has a _________ along with standard handle.

A

Key operated switch

Pull handle initiates the alert and key switch initiates the alarm.

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27
Q

What are the 4 types of heat detectors?

A
  1. Fixed temp
  2. Rate of rise
  3. Combo fixed and rate of rise
  4. Line type (LTHD)
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28
Q

Fixed temp heat detector types and temperatures

A
  • Restorable or non restorable
  • Common fixed temps are 58 °C/135 °F
    90 °C/194 °F
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29
Q

Restorable type heat detector specs

A
  • Bimetallic strip causes contact closure when it bends due to temp rise
  • When temp falls contacts open
  • Can be tested using approved heat device
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30
Q

Non restorable heat detector specs

A
  • 1/3 the price of restorable
  • Heat causes solder pot to melt allowing spring loaded set of contacts to close
  • Temp decreases no means to reset
  • Centre red disk drops down to indicate tripped
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31
Q

Rate of rise heat detector specs

A
  • Designed to operate anytime the temp of ambient air rises more than 9 °C (or 6°C) 14 °F per minute regardless of actual temp.
  • Faster response then fixed temp det.
  • Not suitable for areas where rapid changes in temp are normal. ie. kitchens, boiler rooms, xfmr vaults etc.
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32
Q

Line type heat detector specs and how is it activated?

A
  • Not a ‘spot type” device
  • Heat sensitive polymer melts and short 2 conductors or a thermistor core conducts.
  • Good for long areas ie. cable trays
  • Suppression usually accompanies alarm
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33
Q

Heat detectors should only be used where?

A

Property detection alone is required

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34
Q

Heat detectors are not a ?

A

Life safety device

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35
Q

What provides the earliest warning of a fire condition?

A

Smoke detectors

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36
Q

3 main types of smokies?

A
  1. Photoelectric
  2. Ionization
  3. Beam
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37
Q

Photoelectric smokie specs

A
  • Uses a light source and light detector
  • Requires visible smoke to operate
  • Smoke entering the chamber affects the beam of light causing N.O. contact to close
  • Test with a can of smoke
  • Install in bedrooms, hallways
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38
Q

2 types of photoelectric smokies

A

Light scattering

Light obscuration - BEST - Fail Safe

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39
Q

Ionization smokie AKA?

A

Product of combustion type

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40
Q

Ionization smokie specs

A
  • Detects first stage of fire (incipient)
  • Very sensitive
  • Have small amount of radio active material btwn 2 plates
  • Under normal operation a very small ionization current flows and if particles of visible or invisible smoke enter the chamber current flow is interrupted causing a N.O. contact to close
41
Q

Beam type smokie specs

A
  • Used for very long and/or tall rooms (stratification)

- Transmit light across the room to detect smoke

42
Q

Reflective type beam smokie specs

A
  • Has wiring at only one end

- Not good for narrow spaces < 1m away from trusses etc.

43
Q

End to end type beam smokie specs

A
  • Needs wiring at both ends to the transmitter and receiver

- Better for narrow spaces

44
Q

UV/IR detectors specs

A
  • Flame detector (stage 3)
  • Usually accompany suppression
  • Best for detecting flammable liquid fires
    - UV detects natural gas, butane, propane (blue)
    - IV detects gasoline, jet fuel, diesel (red)
45
Q

List 6 signalling devices

A
  1. Vibrating bells
  2. Single stroke bells
  3. Chimes
  4. Horns and sirens
  5. Visual devices
  6. Loud speakers
46
Q

Most common size vibrating bell?

A

10”

47
Q

Where are single stroke bells typically used?

A
  • Used in 2 stage systems

- Can provide individual notes for coded signals

48
Q

Chimes have a _____ intensity and are generally used for alert systems in ________ areas.

A

Low intensity and generally used for alert systems in quiet areas (hospitals, manors etc.)

49
Q

Where are horns/sirens used?

A

In areas of high noise or where bells are used for other purposes

50
Q

Where are visual devices used?

A

In areas with high noise or where occupants have hearing impairments
(not used as replacement or audible devices)

51
Q

Loud speakers specs

A
  • Can be used instead of bells
  • May provide evacuation instructions
  • If used for other purposes, FA must have precedence
52
Q

Maximum height for annunciator panel?

A

2.4m

53
Q

F.A.C.U specs

A
  • Contains relay/solid state circuitry to operate signalling devices when initiating devices are activated
  • Has power, trouble and alarm LEDs or text screens
  • Contains power supply and stand by 24VDC battery and charger
  • Pushbuttons for testing and silencing
54
Q

Max height for a FACU?

A

8’ or 2.4m to the top

55
Q

How does electrical supervision work?

A
  • FA control unit always monitors initiating and signalling zones for faults (opens/grounds)
  • Uses low level current (40mA) through closed loop
  • If loop opens or has a ground fault, panel will signal a trouble condition
56
Q

The standby power for a FA system must provide supervisory current for ____ then a further ____ of continuous alarm.

A

24 hours

5 min

57
Q

Class A wiring

A
  • Wiring starts and ends at the panel
  • Requires about twice as much wire as Class B
  • Will still function if an open occurs in a conductor
58
Q

IDC stands for?

A

Initiating device circuit

59
Q

Class B wiring

A
  • Wiring starts at panel and ends at end of line resistor (EOL)
  • EOL mounted in a separate box beyond last initiating/signalling device
  • EOL values differ btwn I/S zones and btwn manufacturers
60
Q

Even though FA circuits operate at low voltage they are deemed as ?

A

Class 1 circuits (see 16-010 CEC)

61
Q

Signalling circuit specs

A
  • 24VDC
  • Each device incorporates a diode which blocks supervisory current when not in alarm
  • If panel goes into alarm, zone polarity is reversed on signalling circuits by the panel, putting the devices into action.
62
Q

SDC and NAC

A

Signalling Device Circuits (Canada)

Notification Appliance Circuit (NAC)

63
Q

Flashover is the transition between

A

Stage 2 (smouldering) and Stage 3 (Flame)

64
Q

Four stages of a fire

A
  1. Incipient
  2. Smouldering
  3. Flame
  4. Heat
65
Q

Four classes of fire

A
  1. Class A - wood, paper and rags
  2. Class B - vapour, air, gas and paint
  3. Class C - electrical
  4. Class D - combustible metals
66
Q

Successful combustion requires what 4 components?

A

Heat
Oxygen
Fuel
Chain Reaction

67
Q

The primary purpose of a FA system is?

A

Protect lives

68
Q

The secondary purpose of a FA system

A

Protect property and to initiate fire fighting in event of fire

69
Q

3 systems that protect occupants of buildings and the structure itself from fire

A
  1. Passive
  2. Detection/Signalling
  3. Suppression
70
Q

What does PASS stand for?

A

P - Pull pin
A - Aim
S - Squeeze
S - Sweep

71
Q

What is a Class K fire?

A

Fires in cooking appliances that involve combustible cooking media

72
Q

Minimum height of a fire bell?

A

1.8m to centre

73
Q

Maximum height permitted for an EOL?

A

1.8m to top

74
Q

Addressable system specs

A
  • CPU/microprocessor controlled
  • Field devices supervised digitally
  • Can be pig tailed due to polling
  • CPU polls each device for “state of health”
  • Devices report back, OK, trouble or alarm
  • No response, FACU goes into trouble
75
Q

How are the devices addressed in addressable systems?

A
  • Set with dip switches or rotary dial switches
  • Assigned with a laptop via control panel
  • May be assigned automatically by FACU
  • Could be assigned one by one w/ portable handheld programmer
76
Q

Purpose of fire alarm isolators?

A

Removes sections of zones in the event of a failure so the remaining devices can still function

77
Q

4 types of sprinkler systems

A
  1. Wet-pipe system
  2. Dry-pipe system
  3. Pre-Action system
  4. Deluge System
78
Q

Wet-pipe system specs

A
  • Fastest response time
  • Used on ordinary combustibles where freezing is not a concern
  • Schools, hospitals, offices
79
Q

For a flow and tamper circuit, if the N.O. flow switch closes it sets off an _____ and if the N.O.H.C tamper switch opens it sets off a ______.

A

Alarm

Trouble

80
Q

Purpose of a jockey pump

A
  • Boost the water pressure on the sprinkler side of the check valve
  • Reduces false alarms caused by “water hammering”
  • Typically have their own controls and are supervised by FACU
81
Q

Dry-pipe system specs

A
  • Used on ordinary combustibles where freezing is a concern
  • Parkades, warehouses, unheated structures
  • Pipes contain air or nitrogen instead of water
  • Dry side has 3-5 ties the surface area of the wet side
82
Q

Pre-action system specs

A
  • Essentially a dry pipe system where the water is held back by an electronically controlled valve connected to the FACU
  • Only after the fire detection system is activated will water enter the system pipes and each sprinkler head is individually activated
  • Good for applications where accidental discharge of sprinklers would cause extensive damage like data centre and libraries
  • Double interlocked: broken sprinkler head and IDC activation
83
Q

Deluge system specs

A
  • Designed for high hazard zones
  • Pipes are dry and unpressurized, sprinkler heads are open, connected to a water source directly and water is held back by a valve
  • When the system detects a fire, water is pumped through the systems pipes and is discharged through all the open heads flooding the affected area
  • Majority of systems use foam-based agents
84
Q

Type 1 FA system

A

Non indicating
Non-zoned
GA

85
Q

Type 2 FA System

A

Indicating
Zoned
GA

86
Q

Type 3 FA system

A

Indicating
Zoned
Coded
GA

87
Q

Type 4 FA system

A

Indicating
Zoned
Alert/Alarm

88
Q

Type 4 FA system

A

Indicating
Zoned
Coded
Alert/Alarm

89
Q

Where are EOL usually located?

A

After last initiating or signalling device

90
Q

After install of FA system, explain how to test supervised circuits.

A

Open each device cct - Trouble
Trip each device cct - Alarm
Verify each signal device

91
Q

what are the three basic components of any FA system?

A

Initiating devices
Signalling devices
FACU

92
Q

Define electrical supervison

A

The ability to detect a fault condition that would interfere with the normal operation of the circuit

93
Q

What is the main difference between a single and multi zone FA system?

A

Single zone does not identify the location of the trouble

Multi zone does identify the location of the trouble

94
Q

Besides fundamental function of detection and alarm, list 2 additional functions that a FA system may be capable of performing?

A

Actuating ancillary devices

Alert the fire department

95
Q

What 2 possibilities may exist in an initiating circuit when an ohmmeter placed across the leads reads a short?

A

Device is tripped
Conductors shorted
Not wired properly

96
Q

What type of battery is used as a standby power supply?

A

Rechargeable

97
Q

What is the purpose of an EOL in a supervised FA system?

A

To permit supervisory current to flow

98
Q

What is the essential difference between a Class A and Class B wiring system?

A

Class A - 4 wires from/to the panel, no EOL

Class B - 2 wires from panel, has EOL

99
Q

State one advantage and one disadvantage of a Class A wiring system?

A

More reliable

More costly

Electrical Level 3 and 4 (10 decks)

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