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Forensic Science Final > Fire > Flashcards

Fire Flashcards

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1
Q

4 Reasons why fire investigation is needed?

A
  1. Find out where a fire started
  2. Find out why the fire started there
  3. Find out if a criminal act has taken place
  4. Fire brigade need to prevent it from happening again
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2
Q

What are the 3 elements of the fire triangle?

A

Heat
Fuel
Oxygen

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3
Q

What are the 4 types of heat?

A

Convection
Conduction
Radiation
Spontaneous Ignition

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4
Q

What is the definition of Heat?

A

Heat of an object is the aggregate energy of all molecular movement inside the object

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5
Q

Heat is a _____ of _____ that _____ from one _____ to another

A

Form
Energy
Transfers
Object

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6
Q

What is the definition of Conduction?

A

Heat transfer of molecules in direct contact with each other, without the movement of particles.

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7
Q

What is the definition of Convection?

A

Transfer of heat due to the movement of particles from one object to another

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8
Q

What is the definition of Radiation?

A

Heat transferred through a medium or vacuum wherein space in-between is not heated up

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9
Q

What is Oxidation?

A

This is when fuel burns and reacts with oxygen from the surrounding air

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10
Q

Examples of Conduction?

A

Using ice to cool down your hand
Touching a stove and burning your hand
Boiling water by plunging a red hot iron into it

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11
Q

Examples of Convection?

A

Hot air rising, cooling and falling (convection current)

Old fashion radiator, draws cool air in at bottom emits hot air at the top

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12
Q

Examples of Radiation?

A

Sun heating your face
Heat from a lightbulb
Heat from a fire

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13
Q

How do you extinguish fires

A

Remove any of required components

Usually heat or oxygen

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14
Q

Methods of extinguishing fires

A 
Water
Carbon Dioxide 
Foam
Dry Powder
Sand / Blankets
Vaporising liquids
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15
Q

Deliberate causes of fire?

A 
Naked flame
Accelerants
Point of entry
Vandalisms
Delay devices
Suicide
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16
Q

Accidental causes of fire?

A 
Naked flame
Electrical appliances
Gas
Chip pans
Smoking materials
Spontaneous combustion
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17
Q

What are the 3 types of fire?

A

Flaming fire
Smouldering fire
Explosions

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18
Q

What fire type is the most commonly encountered?

A

Flaming fire

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19
Q

Most ____ go through the ___ stage at some point

A

Fires

Stage

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20
Q

5 features of a Smouldering fire?

A
  1. Flameless combustion
  2. Can proceed at low oxygen concentrations
  3. smoke / fire products may be deposited
  4. can develop into flaming fire
  5. may produce considerable localised damage
21
Q

What are the 2 Explosion fire phases?

A

Dispersed phase

Condensed phase

22
Q

Dispersed phase 3 features?

A

Vapour phase explosions
Typically petrol or gases
Less damage than high explosives

23
Q

Condensed phase 3 features?

A

High explosives
Commercial explosives; TNT, Semtex, RDX
Cause severe damage

24
Q

what does BLEVE stand for?

A 
Boiling
Liquid
Expanding 
Vapour 
Explosion
25
Q

What is methanes LEL and UEL?

A

LEL 5%

UEL 15%

26
Q

What is propanes LEL and UEL?

A

LEL 2.2%

UEL 9.5%

27
Q

What is butanes LEL and UEL?

A

LEL 1.5%

UEL 7.8%

28
Q

What is acetylenes LEL and UEL?

A

LEL 2.5%

UEL 80%

29
Q

What is petrols LEL and UEL?

A

LEL 1.1%

UEL 8.7%

30
Q

Spontaneous combustion 3 types?

A

Industrial
Agriculture
Laundrettes

31
Q

Why commit Arson 5 reasons?

A 
To commit a crime
To disguise a crime
To remove or obscure evidence
To claim against an insurance policy
To commit suicide
32
Q

5 Factors that may suggest Arson?

A
  1. Discovery of another crime
  2. Signs of a disturbance
  3. The use of an accelerant
  4. Multiple seats of fire
  5. Background info.
33
Q

4 General fire rules?

A
  1. Fire burn upwards and outwards
  2. Spread quicker on vertical surfaces
  3. Flame height varies with position of fire
  4. Flashover
34
Q

Locating the seat of the fire, 8 features that can help

A
  1. Most extensive burning
  2. Lowest point of burning
  3. Smoke pattern
  4. Directional effects
  5. Witness / Fire Brigade information
  6. Info from alarm system
  7. Electric Arc Mapping
  8. Secondary location / seat of fire.
35
Q

What 7 evidential materials may be recovered from a fire?

A
  1. Glass
  2. Accelerant residues
  3. Footwear marks
  4. Blood
  5. DNA
  6. Fingerprints
  7. Remains of devices; such as petrol bombs
36
Q

What are the 3 types of hazards at fire scenes?

A

Physical
Chemical
Biological hazards

37
Q

Chemical hazards 4 examples?

A

Drugs/poisons
Drug laboratories
Corrosive Chemicals
Explosives

38
Q

Biological hazards 3 examples?

A

Injection
Infection
Inhalation

39
Q

Flammable liquid analysis 5 methods?

A 
Organic vapour analyser (sniffer)
Headspace sampling
Gas chromatography
Interpretation
Liquid comparisons and "branding"
40
Q

Petrol bombs are classified under the ____ _____ substances ___

A

1883
Explosive
Act

41
Q

R v Bouch 4 criteria for a petrol bomb?

A
  1. Readily breakable container
  2. Wick of absorbent material in the neck
  3. Some of wick must protrude from neck
  4. Free liquid petrol in container
42
Q

What is the most important toxic effect of a fire?

A

Carbon Monoxide

43
Q

Fatal limits of CO?

A

50%+

44
Q

Burnt bodies generally do not ____

A

Bleed

45
Q

3 Main causes of a Vehicle fire

A
  1. Deliberate acts
  2. Accidents / unintentional acts
  3. Design faults of the car or poor care of the car
46
Q

Flash fires have low/high level of CO?

A

LOW

47
Q

Smouldering fires have low/high level of CO?

A

HIGH

48
Q

What are the 3 main areas vehicle fires are found?

A
  1. Engine compartment
  2. Passenger compartment
  3. Boot

Forensic Science Final (3 decks)

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