Finishings Flashcards
What are the 3 categories of finishings?
- wet/dry finishing
- mechanical finishing
- chemical finishing
What is milling?
- wet process of wool
- intermittent pressure applied with mechanical agitation
- causes expansion and contraction of fibres
- like a controlled felting
What are the effects of milling on a fabric?
Gives fabric desirable softened, and bulky handle
What is drying?
- usually the final process
- care is required as it can damage sensitive fabrics (wool)
- costly process
What are the 3 types of drying?
- mechanical )
- thermal
- stenter
What is mechanical drying?
- spin dryer
- suction or vaccine extractors
What is thermal drying?
- material under tension is passed through machine back and fourth in layers
- fans blow hot air on cloth
- good for sensitive fabrics
What is stenter drying?
- passes horizontally through succession of chambers at different temperatures
- may be tensioned of untensioned
How does ‘raising’ work?
- a pile of fibres is produced on fabric surface by brushing or plucking action
- use special cord or teazels
- makes fabric soft with bulky handle
What is mercerising?
A chemical process for the treatment of cotton.
The process swells the cotton to improve surface lustre
What is calendering?
- mechanical process where two heavy rollers rotate in contact, fabric passes between rollers under high pressure
- rollers may be heated
What kind of effect does calendering give on a fabric?
-improves lustre and can emboss, though the finish may not be stable to washing without using a resin treatment
How are waterproof fabrics produced?
By coating in a solid polymer like PVC
What is required to be flame retardant?
Upholstery and furnishings
Children’s night clothes
