Finishes Flashcards
is a mortar consisting of cement, sand, and water
Stucco
___ is often added to make the mortar easier to work.
Hydrated lime
Before applying the stucco or cement plaster, the concrete (or masonry) surface should be ___ to ensure good bonding.
roughened
Average thickness of the scratch coat is ___
3/8
Thickness of the finish coat is ___ minimum and rarely exceeds ___ except for finishes requiring rough texture.
1/8” ; 1/4”
This consists of grinding down the surface of the concrete a day or two after it is poured, using a brick of carborundum, emery or soft natural stone.
Rubbed Finish
With the rubbing, which is done with a ___ motion, a thin grout of cement and sand is applied to the surface and well rubbed in to fill surface imperfections, and the work afterward washed down with clean water.
circular
If fine sand is used instead of a grout, the method is called a ___ finish.
sand-float
This type of finish is obtained by scrubbing or brushing the concrete surface with fiber or wire brushes and water to remove the surface film or mortar, leaving the coarse aggregate exposed.
Brushed Finish
This should be done while the concrete surface is still ___ and just as soon as it is possible to do so without removing particles of the aggregate.
green
The appearance of a brushed finish can be improved by washing with a ___ solution of acid applied with a brush.
diluted
is the most popular method used in tooling concrete surfaces
Bush hammering
The concrete should be about ___ old.
2 months
Only ___ aggregate should be used in the facing material, as it is hard to dress and obtain uniform results where large angular stones are encountered.
small-sized
Tooling cannot ordinarily be performed satisfactorily on ___, as the pebbles will be dislodged before being chipped.
gravel concrete
produces a granulated finish somewhat similar to sandstone but not so uniform, because the aggregates are likely to be brought out irregularly.
Sand blasting
The concrete should be thoroughly ___ before sand-blasting.
hardened
A ___ nozzle may be used, but under ordinary conditions ___ or even ___ have been found to give good results.
3/8” ; 1/4” ; 1/8”
The best results are obtained on a thoroughly hardened concrete surfaces at least a month old, and for such work a nozzle pressure of ___.
from 50-80 lbs
The color is obtained from ___ and not by adding coloring material to the mixture.
exposed aggregate
After the concrete aggregate is forced below the surface, the surface is leveled with a straight wood screed, and given a wood float finish.
Steel Trowelled Finish
When the concrete is still green but surface water is gone, the surface is leveled with a ___.
straight wood screed
This consists of a topping with a mixture of 1 part of cement, 1 part of sand and 1 part of finely crushed stone.
Granolithic Finish
___ may also be part of the aggregate to produce an enduring and non-slip surface.
Finely ground corundum
___ is a mixture of cement, marble chip aggregates and water laid as topping or as a wall finish, and ground to a fine, smooth surface.
Terrazzo
For non-slip surfaces, ___ are added to the mixture.
abrasive granules
The ___ shall consist of 200 lbs. of marble chip aggregate to 1 bag (94 lb.) of cement.
terrazzo topping
For non-slip heavy duty floors the mixture shall consist of ___ of marble chip aggregate and ___ of abrasive granules to ___ of cement.
150 lbs. ; 50 lbs. ; 1 bag
For heavy-duty non-slip topping a proportion of ___ marble granules to ___ abrasive must show.
three ; one
For light-duty non-slip topping, where abrasive is sprinkled on the finish, a proportion of ___ marble to ___ abrasive granule must show.
four ; one
Minimum thickness of terrazzo topping is ___.
5/8”
___ is manufactured by pressing in moulds a plastic mixture of cement and sand.
Cement tile
Surface color of the tile is achieved by the addition of ___ colors.
mineral oxide
Thickness of cement tile is ___.
25 mm (1”)
When installing cement tile, the top of the base slab shall be left ___ below the finish floor.
50 mm (2”)
___ are small surfacing units made from clay or mixture of clay with other ceramic materials and fired according various processes.
Ceramic tile
Tiles differ principally in:
- composition of the body
- surface finish (glazed/unglazed)
- process of manufacture
- degree of vitrification
usually clays having high bonding power and some fluxing ability
the plastic
___ which reduces shrinkage in drying and firing and imparts to the body a certain rigidity which prevents deformation under heat
the filler
___ which melts under intense heat and fuses the heat resisting elements into a solid mass
the flux or solvent
The most widely used flux in floor and wall tiles is the ___.
minimal feldspar
___ are composed of the same ingredients throughout and derive their color and texture from the materials of which the body is made.
Unglazed tiles
___ have a glassy surface of ceramic materials fused upon their face to give them a decorative appearance and to make the surface impervious to moisture.
Glazed tiles
have a highly polished surface and reflect an image clearly
bright glazes
do not clearly reflect an image or are entirely without sheen
matte glazes
___ are shaped in steel dies by applying heavy pressure to the damp ceramic mix while it is in finely pulverized form.
Dust-pressed tiles
The ___ gives greater mechanical precision and a more regular appearance to the tiles than other methods.
dust-press process
___ are shaped from clay rendered plastic by mixing with sufficient water.
Plastic-made tiles
Most types of tile made by the ___ vary slightly from the true geometric forms and therefore have a more hand=made appearance than to dust-pressed tiles.
plastic process
___ is a measure of the tile’s density and relative absorption which depends partly on the tile’s composition and partly on the degree of burning.
Vitrification
___ have a degree of density that permits moisture absorption of more than 7% of the weight of the tile but does not prevent the tile from having a high degree of strength.
Nonvitreous tiles
___ have a degree of density that limits moisture absorption to from 3 to 7% of the weight of the tile.
Semivitreous tiles
___ have a moisture absorption of less than 3% and a body density which prevents any penetration of dirt that cannot be easily removed.
Vitreous tiles
___ are the hardest. Their moisture absorption is negligible and they are readily cleansed of stains and dirt.
Impervious tiles
___ are non-vitreous product made by the dust-press-process.
Glazed interior tiles
___ are tiles less than 6 sq. in. in facial area, preponderantly unglazed, and having fully vitrified or fairly dense bodies.
Ceramic Mosaic Tiles
To facilitate installation, ceramic mosaic tiles are usually mounted at the factory on sheets of paper about ___ in area.
2 sq. ft.
___ are unglazed tiles made from natural clays or shales by the plastic method.
Quarry tiles
___ are standard size unglazed tiles resembling ceramic mosaic tiles in composition and physical characteristics but usually having facial area of 6 sq. in. or more.
Pavers
All pavers are ___ and are especially suitable for heavy floor service.
weatherproof
Resilient flooring is manufactured as ___ or ___
tile ; sheet
This consists of thoroughly bonded composition of thermoplastic binder, asbestos and other fibers, inert filler materials and inert color pigments, formed under pressure while hot and cut to size.
Asphalt Tile & Sheet Finish
Asphalt tile is usually made in ___ squares and less commonly in ___ sqaures.
9” ; 12”
Usual thickness of rectangular borders are ___ and ___
1/8” ‘ 3/16”
