Fingerprint Classification

Question 1

Fingerprints may be resolved into three large general groups of patterns. What are they?

Answer 1

Loops
Whorls
Arches

Question 2

What are 2 subgroups of a Loop?

Answer 2

Radial Loop

Ulnar Loop

Question 3

What are 4 subgroups of a Whorl?

Answer 3

Plain Whorl
Central Pocket Loop Whorl
Double Loop Whorl
Accidental Whorl

Question 4

What are 2 subgroups of a Arch?

Answer 4

Plain arch

Tented Arch

Question 5

The pattern area is defined as:

Answer 5

“That part of a loop or whorl in which appear the cores, deltas, and ridges with which we are concerned in classifying.”

Question 6

The _____ are the two innermost ridges, which start parallel, diverge, and surround or tend to surround the pattern area.

Answer 6

Type Lines

Question 7

When there is a definite break in a type line, the ridge immediately _____ of it is considered its continuation.

Answer 7

Outside

Question 8

A ________ is the forking or dividing of one line into two or more branches.

Answer 8

Bifurcation

Question 9

A ________ is the spreading apart of two lines which have been running parallel or nearly parallel

Answer 9

Divergence

Question 10

How are angles formed?

Answer 10

The abutting of one ridge against another.

Question 11

The _____ may be defined as that point on a ridge at or in front of and nearest the center of the divergence of the type lines.

Answer 11

Delta

Question 12

When there are two or more possible deltas, the one nearest the _____ is chosen.

Answer 12

Core

Question 13

When there is a choice between a bifurcation and another type of delta, equally close to the point of divergence, the ______ is selected.

Answer 13

Bifurcation

Question 14

The Core is the approximate _____ of the finger impression.

Answer 14

Center

Question 15

___________ is defined as that part of a recurving ridge between the shoulders of a loop. It must be free of any appendages abutting upon the outside of the recurve at a right angle.

Answer 15

Sufficient Recurve

Question 16

The ________ of a loop are the points at which the recurving ridge definitely turn inward or curve.

Answer 16

Shoulders

Question 17

What are the 3 Essentials of a loop? (DSR)

Answer 17

Delta
Sufficient Recurve
Ridge Count across a looping ridge

Question 18

A _______ is that type of fingerprint pattern in which one or more of the ridges enter on either side of the impression, recurve, touch or pass an imaginary line drawn from the delta to the core, and terminate or tend to terminate on or toward the same side of the impression from whence such ridge or ridges entered.

Answer 18

A Loop

Question 19

A Loop Pattern constitutes about ___ % of all prints

Answer 19

65%

Question 20

Loops which flow in the direction of the _____ bone (toward the little finger) are called Ulnar loops.

Answer 20

Ulnar

Question 21

Loops which flow in the direction of the ____ bone (toward the thumb) are called Radial Loops.

Answer 21

Radius

Question 22

A _______ is that type of pattern in which at least two deltas are present with a recurve in front of each.

Answer 22

Whorl

Question 23

The Whorl Pattern constitutes about ___% of all prints.

Answer 23

30%

Question 24

The _____ Whorl has two deltas and at least one ridge making a complete circuit, which may be spiral, oval, circular, or any variant of a circle. An imaginary line drawn between the two deltas MUST touch or cross at least one of the recurving ridges within the inner pattern area.

Answer 24

Plain Whorl

Question 25

The "______" is determined by drawing an imaginary line between the delta and the center of the innermost recurving ridge.

Answer 25

"Line of Flow"

Question 26

The _________ Whorl has two deltas and at least one ridge making a complete circuit, which may be spiral, oval, circular, or any variant of a circle. An imaginary line drawn between the two deltas MUST NOT touch or cross any of the recurving ridges within the inner pattern area.

Answer 26

The Central Pocket Loop Whorl

Question 27

The _______ Whorl consists of two separate loop formations, with two separate and distinct sets of shoulders and two deltas.

Answer 27

The Double Loop Whorl

Question 28

The _______ Whorl is a pattern consisting of a combination of two different types of pattern, with the exception of the plain arch, with two or more deltas.

Answer 28

Accidental whorl

Question 29

If a ridge traced passes inside of (above) the right delta, and three or more ridges intervene between the tracing ridge and the delta, the tracing is designated as an "____" -

Answer 29

"inner" - I

Question 30

If a ridge traced passes outside (below) the right delta, and three or more ridges intervene between the tracing ridge and the right delta, the tracing is designated as an "____" -

Answer 30

"Outer" - O

Question 31

If a ridge traced has less than three ridges intervening between the tracing ridge and the delta, the tracing is designated as an "_____" -

Answer 31

"Meeting" - M

Question 32

Whorl tracing begins at the _________ delta.

Answer 32

Extreme Left Delta

Question 33

The Arch Pattern constitutes approximately ___% of all prints.

Answer 33

5%

Question 34

List 3 types of tented arches:

Answer 34

- Ridges form an angle of 90 Degrees or less - An up-thrust of 45 Degrees or more - 2/3 of a Loop

Question 35

In Henry Classification, Ulnar Loops in any finger are designated by a _________.

Answer 35

Diagonal Line slanting in the directions of the loop

Question 36

In Henry Classification, Whorls in any Finger are designated by the letter "__".

Answer 36

W

Question 37

When no whorl appears in a set of impressions, the primary would be _____.

Answer 37

1 over 1

Question 38

When all fingers appear as whorls in a set of impressions, the primary would be _____.

Answer 38

32 over 32

Question 39

If a finger is considered a Radial Loop, you should determine the actual ridge count and add _____.

Answer 39

Fifty (50)

Question 40

Missing/Amputated Fingers are labeled as ____

Answer 40

XX

Question 41

Completely scarred or mutilated patterns are labeled ___

Answer 41

SR

Question 42

Within the pattern areas of loops and whorls are enclosed the focal points which are used to classify them. These points are called ____ and ____.

Answer 42

Delta and Core

Question 43

When the innermost sufficient recurve contains no ending ridge or rod rising as high as the shoulders, the core is placed on the shoulder of the loop _____.

Answer 43

Furthest from the delta.

Question 44

When the innermost sufficient recurve contains an uneven number of rods rising as high as the shoulders, the core is placed upon the end of the ______

Answer 44

Center Rod

Question 45

When the innermost sufficient recurve contains an even number of rods rising as high as the shoulders, the core is placed up on the end of the ______

Answer 45

Farther of the two center rods.

Question 46

The ________ is the number of ridges intervening between the delta and the core.

Answer 46

Ridge Count