Finegan chapter 2

Question 1

phrase

Answer 1

a group of words functioning as a unit

Question 2

etymology

Answer 2

historical development of a word

Question 3

mental lexicon/lexicon

Answer 3

the brain’s dictionary; stores information about sounds, meanings, related words, and use in sentences

Question 4

morphological information

Answer 4

how related words (such as plural for nouns, past tense for verbs) are formed

Question 5

syntactic information

Answer 5

a word’s category (e.g., noun, verb, or adjective) and how to use it in a sentence

Question 6

semantic information

Answer 6

meaning of a word

Question 7

phonological information

Answer 7

a word’s sounds and their sequencing

Question 8

lexical category

Answer 8

verb, noun, adjective, or other part of speech

Question 9

verb phrase

Answer 9

word or group of words functioning like a verb and having a verb as the head

Question 10

adjective

Answer 10

identify, refer to, or name qualities or properties of nouns; can be recognized by the pattern of their related forms: the endings -er and -est

Question 11

verb

Answer 11

identify or name actions

Question 12

nouns

Answer 12

share a set of endings/inflections

Question 13

number

Answer 13

singular and plural (and sometimes other features)

Question 14

co-occurrence patterns

Answer 14

an above-chance frequency of ordered occurrence of two adjacent terms in a text corpus

Question 15

transitive verbs

Answer 15

verbs that take a noun (or noun phrase) directly after them (EX: told a joke, caught the train)

Question 16

intransitive verbs

Answer 16

verbs that do not require a noun (EX: lie, pray, shower)

Question 17

adverb

Answer 17

can’t be identified solely by their form; don’t generally have related forms; many are derived from adjectives by adding -ly display a wide range of functions: modify verbs, verb phrases, adjectives, adverbs, and even whole sentences

Question 18

pronoun

Answer 18

substitute for nouns and noun phrases in specific kinds of contexts; function independently; take the place of nouns and noun phrases and not as modifiers of other words

Question 19

personal pronouns

Answer 19

separated into first person, second person, and third person; used to refer to the self or other people specifically

Question 20

interrogative pronouns

Answer 20

used in asking questions (EX: who, what)

Question 21

relative pronouns

Answer 21

resemble other kinds of pronouns, but they’re used differently; related to some preceding noun phrase

Question 22

indefinite pronouns

Answer 22

pronouns whose referents can’t be specifically identified (EX: some, someone, everybody, anything)

Question 23

demonstrative pronouns

Answer 23

used to refer to things relatively near or, by contrast, relatively far away when the referent can be identified by pointing or from the context of a discussion

Question 24

determiners

Answer 24

precede nouns (EX: an, a, this, those, which, whose); introduce nouns or noun phrases

Question 25

definite and indefinite articles

Answer 25

the, an, a

Question 26

demonstratives

Answer 26

this, that, these, those

Question 27

possessives

Answer 27

my, our, your, her, his, its, their

Question 28

interrogatives

Answer 28

which, what, whose

Question 29

closed categories/closed classes

Answer 29

categories whose members can be fully enumerated

Question 30

prepositions

Answer 30

invariant in form; typically precede a noun phrase; indicate a semantic relationship between other entities

Question 31

postpositions

Answer 31

function like prepositions, but follow the noun or noun phrase instead of preceding it

Question 32

coordinating conjunctions

Answer 32

conjoin expressions of the same category or status

Question 33

subordinating conjunctions

Answer 33

serve to link one clause to one another in a non coordinate role

Question 34

morphemes

Answer 34

meaningful elements in a word; can have lexical meaning or represent a grammatical category; NOT THE SAME AS SYLLABLES

Question 35

monomorphemic

Answer 35

words that contain only a single morpheme (EX: true, hippopotamus, harvest)

Question 36

free morphemes

Answer 36

morphemes that can stand alone as words (EX: true, mother, orange)

Question 37

bound morphemes

Answer 37

morphemes that can only function as part of a word (EX: un-, tele-, -ness, -er)

Question 38

suffix

Answer 38

derivational morphemes added to the ends of words; tend to change the category of the word to which they are attached; follow the stems they attach to

Question 39

prefixes

Answer 39

morpheme at the beginning of a word; typically change the meaning of a word but not its lexical category; attach to the front of a stem

Question 40

derivation

Answer 40

transforming a word into another word with a related meaning but belonging to a different lexical category

Question 41

derivational morphemes

Answer 41

bound morphemes which derive/produce new words from existing words by changing the meaning of a word or its lexical category

Question 42

inflectional morphemes

Answer 42

bound morphemes which change the form of a word but not its lexical category, and they don’t alter a word’s central meaning; generally added to the outermost parts of words

Question 43

affixes

Answer 43

prefixes and suffixes

Question 44

infix

Answer 44

a morpheme inserted within another morpheme

Question 45

circumfix

Answer 45

a morpheme that occurs in two parts, one on each side of s tem