C&A chapter 5

Question 1

syntax

Answer 1

the study of how words combine systematically to form meaningful strings such as sentences

Question 2

parse

Answer 2

breaking down sentences into their component parts in order to examine the form and function of each part

Question 3

determiner

Answer 3

a function word that introduces a noun phrase

Question 4

parts of speech/lexical categories

Answer 4

describe classes of words that behave similarly in the grammar of a language

Question 5

descriptive grammar

Answer 5

distinguishing between a word’s grammatical form and its function

Question 6

form

Answer 6

the grammatical or lexical class of a word – what kind of word it is

Question 7

function

Answer 7

the role of a word in a phrase or clause – what the word does in a grammatical environment

Question 8

countable nouns

Answer 8

nouns that are quantifiable; can be counted; can take plural -s

Question 9

uncountable nouns

Answer 9

nouns that describe ideas or other referents that cannot be counted (ex. engineering)

Question 10

attributive position

Answer 10

the position of an adjective before the noun (and after the determiner if it is present)

Question 11

predicative position

Answer 11

the position of an adjective after the verb; in this position the adjective can modify the subject or in some cases the object

Question 12

conjugate

Answer 12

to change form

Question 13

aspect

Answer 13

marks whether the action of the verb is completed (the perfect) or continuous (the progressive)

Question 14

voice

Answer 14

describes the relationship of the subject to the action of the verb

Question 15

mood

Answer 15

allows speakers/writers to indicate their attitude toward what they are expressing

Question 16

subjunctive mood

Answer 16

expresses something wished for, commanded, intended, or hypothesized

Question 17

bare infinitive

Answer 17

serves as the base for the other four morphological verb forms; marked by inflectional endings or internal vowel changes; functions as the present tense form for first and second person singular and plural and for third person plural; all verbs except be, have, do, and go

Question 18

present participle

Answer 18

formed through the addition of the inflectional ending -ing, appears in progressive constructions, both past and present

Question 19

progressive aspect

Answer 19

describes a continuing action, whether in the past or present and is formed with the appropriate form of be + present participle

Question 20

Perfect aspect

Answer 20

formed by combining the appropriate form of have + past participle, indicates a completed action, either before the present moment or before a specific moment in the past

Question 21

complement

Answer 21

the phrase or clause that follows the verb to complete the verb phrase by providing a direct object or both a direct object and an indirect object

Question 21

transitivity

Answer 21

whether the verb takes a direct object

Question 22

intransitive

Question 23

transitive

Question 24

linking

Question 25

object-predicative