Fine Arts Sections V & VI Flashcards

1
Q

Vivaldi is from which time period?

A

the Baroque era

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2
Q

The first 5 pieces of the Pentathlon Fine Arts music selection lack what?

A

emotions of the sights or creatures they depict, as they are fairly objective

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3
Q

What is the song “Winterreise” about?

A

a heartbroken man who wanders the winter countryside

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4
Q

How is the mood in the song “Let it Snow”?

A

cheerful

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5
Q

Are all emotions in songs joyful?

A

No, songs express a variety of emotions and feelings

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6
Q

The seasons of summer and spring make most people feel which emotions?

A

pleasure and joy

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7
Q

When did the first attempts to “write music down” begin?

A

in the 9th century, the Middle Ages

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8
Q

The Middle Ages are also known as what?

A

the Medieval Period

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9
Q

What started the desire to want to write music down?

A

the Catholic Church as it was growing impossible to keep the chants in church consistent from place to place

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10
Q

The earliest surviving written music is intended to support what?

A

religious services and activities

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11
Q

The Catholic Church’s chants were monophonic, meaning what?

A

it was only voices, no accompaniment, so only melodies needed to be transcribed

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12
Q

What was the earliest form of counterpoint?

A

composers of sacred music experimenting with ways for people to sing different melodies simultaneously and make it sound nice

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13
Q

Do children learn songs like “Row, Row, Row Your Boat” or “Are You Sleeping?” by reading music?

A

No, they learn it “by ear” or “by rote”

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14
Q

A remarkable secular round from the mid-13th century survived in an abbey near where?

A

Reading, England (pronounced “Redding”)

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15
Q

What is an abbey?

A

a religious building where Catholic monks or nuns lived

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16
Q

What does “Sumer icumen in” mean?

A

Summer has come

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17
Q

What was “Sumer icumen in” preserved in?

A

a manuscript

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18
Q

What is a manuscript?

A

a handwritten document

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19
Q

What is “Sumer icumen in” a celebration of?

A

it is a celebration of the arrival of summer

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20
Q

What is the medieval term for “round”?

A

“rota”

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21
Q

“Reading rota” is a nickname for which piece?

A

“Sumer icumen in”

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22
Q

What is “Reading rota” named after?

A

the abbey that preserved the manuscript

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23
Q

The word canon is a synonym for __________. (5 letters)

A

round

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24
Q

“Summer canon” is a nickname for which piece?

A

“Sumer icumen in”

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25
Q

How many lines did the staff have on the manuscript for “Sumer icumen in”?

A

it had 6 lines, different from the 5 lines in music today

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26
Q

What does the “C” on the 4th line of the manuscript for “Sumer icumen in” tell us?

A

to read notes on those lines as “C”

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27
Q

What does the flat symbol on the 3rd space of the manuscript for “Sumer icumen in” tell us?

A

to sing the Bs as B-flats

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28
Q

What shapes were used to represent notes on the manuscript for “Sumer icumen in”?

A

they were primarily squares and diamonds

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29
Q

“Sumer icumen in” is in which language?

A

Olde English

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30
Q

What does “Lhude sing cuccu!” mean?

A

Loudly sing cuckoo!

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31
Q

What does “Groweth sed and bloweth med” mean?

A

The seed grows and the meadow blooms

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32
Q

What does “And springth the wode nu” mean?

A

And the woods spring anew

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33
Q

What does “Sing cuccu” mean?

A

Sing cuckoo

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34
Q

What does “Awe bleteth after lomb” mean?

A

The ewe bleats after lamb

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35
Q

What does “Llouth after calve cu” mean?

A

The cow lows after her calf

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36
Q

What does “Bulluc sterteth, bucke verteth” mean?

A

The bull jumps, the buck leaps

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37
Q

What does “Murie sing cuccu” mean?

A

Merrily sing cuckoo

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38
Q

What does “Wel singes thu cuccu” mean?

A

Well sing you cuckoo

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39
Q

What does “Ne swik thu naver nu” mean?

A

Nor stop thou never now

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40
Q

What does the red cross (or plus sign) on the staff after the first phrase of the manuscript for “Sumer icumen in” mean?

A

it indicates that when the first singer of the rota reaches that point, the subsequent singer should start, and so forth, this is like a canon

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41
Q

Other than the rota, “Sumer icumen in” has a second layer of musical activity called what?

A

a rodellus

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42
Q

What is a rondellus?

A

a polyphonic genre for 2 or more voices

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43
Q

When was the rondellus popular?

A

during the Middle Ages

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44
Q

The rondellus in “Sumer icumen in” consists of what?

A

2 short motifs, A and B

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45
Q

What happens in a rondellus

A

the first performer sings part A and the second performer sings part B, this creates harmony, they then switch their parts so the first performer sings part A and the 2nd sings part B

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46
Q

What is the rondellus technique also known as?

A

“voice-exchange”

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47
Q

What is the repeating of the rondellus in “Sumer icumen in” called?

A

an ostinato

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48
Q

What is the rondellus in “Sumer icumen in” labeled as in the manuscript?

A

“pes”

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49
Q

What does “pes” mean?

A

“foot” or “ground”

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50
Q

Many scholars believe the pes for “Sumer icumen in” is sampled from which other chant?

A

an older sacred chant, “Regina caeli laetare”

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51
Q

How do the first 5 pitches of the “Regina caeli laetare” compare with the first 5 of rondellus in “Sumer icumen in”?

A

they are identical

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52
Q

What was the medieval method of writing music called? (used in “Regina caeli laetare”)

A

it was called “square notation”

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53
Q

What was “square notation” nicknamed after?

A

the shape of most of the noteheads as they looked like squares

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54
Q

What is the starting pitch of “Regina caeli laetare”?

A

an F

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55
Q

What is the starting pitch of the A-melody of the rondellus in “Sumer icumen in”?

A

an F

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56
Q

How many voices sing “Sumer icumen in”?

A

6 voices sing “Sumer icumen in”

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57
Q

Which pes melody of “Sumer icumen in” is lower, A or B?

A

the B-melody is lower pitched

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58
Q

Which pes melody of “Sumer icumen in” is higher, A or B?

A

the A-melody is higher pitched

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59
Q

How many measures does the B-melody of pes in “Sumer icumen in” wait before playing?

A

2 measures

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60
Q

Who wrote “What a Wonderful World”?

A

Louis Armstrong

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61
Q

How old was Armstrong when his father abandoned his mother?

A

he was only an infant

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62
Q

How old was Armstrong when he was first arrested?

A

9 years old

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63
Q

What was Armstrong arrested for the first time?

A

for being a dangerous and suspicious character

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64
Q

Where was Armstrong sent after he was arrested for the first time?

A

the Colored Waifs Home in New Orleans

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65
Q

Who took in Armstrong when he was sent to the Colored Waifs Home?

A

his aunt

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66
Q

When was Armstrong arrested the second time?

A

New Year’s Eve, 1912

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67
Q

What was Armstrong arrested for the second time?

A

for shooting a gun into the air

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68
Q

When was Armstrong sent to the Colored Waifs Home for the second time?

A

1913

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69
Q

What change happened in the Colored Waifs Home the second time Armstrong went?

A

they hired a new band director

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70
Q

Who did the Colored Waifs Home hire as the new band director?

A

they hired Peter Davis

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71
Q

Who were the proprietors of the Colored Waifs Home?

A

Joseph and Manuela Jones

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72
Q

What instrument did Amstrong play and study with Mr. Davis?

A

he played cornet

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73
Q

How long did Amstrong stay in the Colored Waifs Home for the 2nd time?

A

he spent 18 months there

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74
Q

Who took interest in Armstrong and gave him a cornet of his own?

A

cornetist and band leader Joe “King” Oliver

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75
Q

Who did Armstrong marry?

A

Lillian Hardin

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76
Q

Oliver persuaded Armstrong to do what?

A

join his band and move to Chicago with him

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77
Q

Where was Armstrong’s playing first recorded?

A

Chicago, IL

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78
Q

When did Armstrong marry Hardin?

A

1924

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79
Q

What did Hardin play in Oliver’s band?

A

piano

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80
Q

How did Hardin help Armstrong’s musical career?

A

she taught him music theory and music notation and persuaded him to pursue a career as a soloist

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81
Q

Who persuaded Armstrong to pursue a career as a soloist?

A

Hardin

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82
Q

Why did his friends call Armstrong “Satchmo” as a nickname?

A

because they said his mouth was “as big as a satchel”

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83
Q

What vocal recording by Armstrong became a huge hit and climbed to #1? (one of his first)

A

“Hello Dolly”

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84
Q

When did “Hello Dolly” become #1 on the Billboard top 100?

A

1964

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85
Q

How old was Armstrong when he became #1 on the Billboard charts?

A

63 years old

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86
Q

What record did Armstrong break when he became #1 on the Billboard charts?

A

he was the oldest person to reach #1 on the Billboard ranking

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87
Q

Joseph F. Laredo claims people tried to do what to imitate Armstrong’s gravelly singing voice?

A

he claimed some people would purposely catch colds to try to imitate his voice

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88
Q

What was the Cold War?

A

Post-WWII tension between communist and capitalist nations

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89
Q

Who led the Cold War?

A

the US and the Soviet Union

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90
Q

How did Armstrong’s fans react to his commercial tour in 1955?

A

they went crazy and he was mobbed by fans everywhere he traveled

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91
Q

How did oppressive governments find jazz to be?

A

they found it to be deeply threatening with its emphasis on free expression

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92
Q

When did Armstrong travel to Africa as an official state ambassador?

A

1960

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93
Q

The US State Department sanction Armstrong’s 1957 tour to where?

A

South America

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94
Q

During the turmoil of the mid-60s, what did George David Weiss have an idea for Armstrong to do?

A

write a different song specifically for Armstrong that would be called “What a Wonderful World”

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95
Q

Who was Bob Thiele’s co-writer in the 1960s?

A

George David Weiss

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96
Q

Why did Thiele initially use an alias for published copies of “What a Wonderful World”?

A

because of an industry bias against record producers recording their own compositions

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97
Q

What alias did Thiele use for “What a Wonderful World”?

A

George Douglas

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98
Q

Where did Thiele get his alias for “What a Wonderful World” from?

A

the first two names of his cousins

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99
Q

Was Armstrong hard to convince to make the song “What a Wonderful World”?

A

No, it was actually easy

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100
Q

Initially, what part of the song “What a Wonderful World” did Armstrong not like?

A

he initially didn’t like its simple melody

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101
Q

Where did Louis Armstrong move to after marrying his 4th wife?

A

Corona, NY

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102
Q

What was the name of Armstrong’s 4th wife?

A

Lucille

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103
Q

When did Armstrong meet to record “What a Wonderful World”? (time and exact date)

A

roughly 2 AM on August 176, 1967

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104
Q

Where did Armstrong and his performers record “What a Wonderful World”?

A

Las Vegas, specifically United Studios

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105
Q

Where did Armstrong come from before recording “What a Wonderful World”?

A

he came from his midnight performance at the Tropicana Hotel in Las Vegas

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106
Q

Because the extra performers needed for “What a Wonderful World” were costly, how much was the minimum union rare limited to?

A

the minimum union rate was limited to roughly $250

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107
Q

Before recording “What a Wonderful World”, Armstrong had recently signed a deal with which record company?

A

ABC-Paramount Records

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108
Q

Who was the president of ABC-Paramount Records when “What a Wonderful World” was recorded?

A

Larry Newton

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109
Q

What did Larry Newton say about Armstrong recording “What a Wonderful World”?

A

he thought he was crazy for recording a ballad rather than an upbeat song like “Dolly”

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110
Q

Who was the only person to throw Armstrong out of a recording studio?

A

Larry Newton

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111
Q

Who was the publisher of the song “What a Wonderful World”?

A

Frank Military

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112
Q

What did Thiele and Frank Military do when they got Newton out of the recording studio for “What a Wonderful World”?

A

they locked him out and wouldn’t let him back in

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113
Q

What was the other disruption when recording “What a Wonderful World” other than Newton?

A

the noises the nearby trains made

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114
Q

Who was the music arranger for “What a Wonderful World”

A

Artie Butler

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115
Q

How many times did they have to stop the recording session for “What a Wonderful World” because of trains?

A

two times

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116
Q

Butler described the train interruption when recording “What a Wonderful World” as the epitome of which law?

A

“the epitome of Murphy’s Law”

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117
Q

What is Murphy’s law?

A

it states that “anything that can go wrong, will go wrong”

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118
Q

At which time did they get a good recording of “What a Wonderful World”?

A

6 AM

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119
Q

How did Newton get his revenge on “What a Wonderful World”?

A

he refused to promote any recording of it

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120
Q

How long did “What a Wonderful World” stay No. 1 on England’s top 100?

A

4 weeks

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121
Q

What does it mean when a record has gone “silver”?

A

it means that it sold over 500,000 copies

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122
Q

Who accepted Armstrong’s award silver plaque for “What a Wonderful World”?

A

Larry Newton

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123
Q

Why did Newton accept Armstrong’s silver award plaque for “What a Wonderful World”?

A

because Armstrong was ill

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124
Q

When did Armstrong die?

A

1971

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125
Q

Barry Levinson chose “What a Wonderful World” for which of his movies?

A

“Good Morning, Vietnam”

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126
Q

When was “Good Morning, Vietnam” released?

A

1988

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127
Q

What is “Good Morning, Vietnam” about?

A

scenes and conflict during the Vietnam War

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128
Q

When did “What a Wonderful World” reach the top 40?

A

1988

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129
Q

In 1988, what place did “What a Wonderful World” reach on the Billboard’s top 40?

A

it got No. 32

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130
Q

When was “What a Wonderful World” added to the Grammy Hall of Fame?

A

1999

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131
Q

What is a common nickname for the 3rd phrase of a 32-bar form?

A

bridge

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132
Q

What is the form for “What a Wonderful World”?

A

it is a 32-bar song form with an A-A-B-A pattern

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133
Q

The 3rd phrase of a 32-bar form is usually different from which other phrases?

A

the A-phrases

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134
Q

The A phrase in “What a Wonderful World” is similar to the first phrase of which other song?

A

“Twinkle Twinkle Little Star”

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135
Q

The flowing accompaniment in “What a Wonderful World” is in which meter?

A

12/8

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136
Q

Who made “Global Warming”?

A

Michael Abels

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137
Q

What is “Global Warming” inspired by?

A

the initial post-Cold War “thaw”

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138
Q

What is “Global Warming” an example of?

A

blended cultures

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139
Q

How is Abels of a mixed heritage?

A

his mother is white while his father is black

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140
Q

Did Abels know his parents?

A

He knew his mother, but not his father

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141
Q

Where was Abels born?

A

Phoenix, Arizona

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142
Q

Who adopted Abels soon after he was born?

A

his grandparents (from his mother’s side)

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143
Q

Where did Abels move to when he was adopted?

A

a farm in South Dakota

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144
Q

What instrument was Abels fascinated by at age 4?

A

his family’s piano

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145
Q

Why was Abels sent to Phoenix, AZ to live with his aunt and uncle

A

because he had severe allergies and the desert air would be better for him

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146
Q

How many times was Abels hospitalized due to allergies before the age of 6?

A

2 times

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147
Q

Who did Abels live with when he moved to Phoenix at the age of 6?

A

his aunt and uncle

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148
Q

How old was Abels when he started dabbling in composition?

A

8 years old

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149
Q

Mark Russell Smith was one of Abels’ classmates in which grade?

A

2nd grade

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150
Q

Who made Mark Russell important to Abels?

A

his father

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151
Q

Mark Russell’s father was the conductor of which choir?

A

the Phoenix Boy’s Choir

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152
Q

Who did Abels join the Phoenix Boy’s Choir with? (which one of his friends)

A

Mark Russell

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153
Q

When Abels and Mark Russel were 13, they attended a music summer camp where?

A

Northern Arizona University

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154
Q

How old was Abels when he completed his first symphonic piece?

A

13

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155
Q

Abels’ first symphonic piece was a concerto for which instrument?

A

piano

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156
Q

Who was the conductor when Abels first presented his first symphonic piece?

A

Mark Russell

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157
Q

Where did Abels first premiere his first symphonic piece?

A

the summer music camp at Northern Arizona University

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158
Q

Who was the piano player when Abels first presented his first symphonic piece?

A

Michael Abels (himself)

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159
Q

Where did Mark Russell go to college?

A

Juilliard

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160
Q

What did Mark Russell study at Juilliard?

A

cello

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161
Q

Did Abels want to attend a conservatory?

A

No

162
Q

What is a conservatory?

A

a school that focuses exclusively on training in the arts

163
Q

Is Juilliard a conservatory?

A

Yes, it is a highly appraised conservatory

164
Q

Why did Abels not want to attend a conservatory?

A

because he wanted to be around people who weren’t just musicians

165
Q

How old was Abels when he visited LA for the first time?

A

9

166
Q

Why did Abels enroll in USC? (University of Southern California)

A

because he loved LA since the first he visited

167
Q

What city is USC in?

A

Los Angeles

168
Q

What did Abels particularly shine in during his college years?

A

composing music

169
Q

The piece “Queries” earned him what award in college?

A

the “Outstanding Senior” award

170
Q

What instruments are included in “Queries” and how many of each?

A

2 pianos and 1 prepared piano

171
Q

What is a prepared piano

A

a piano that has various objects inserted within its strings that alter the timbre of the normal piano sound
ex: paper, screws, bolts, rubber bands, etc.

172
Q

What choir did Abels join while at USC?

A

a church’s gospel choir

173
Q

Where did Abels study after graduating from USC?

A

California Institute for Arts, or Cal Arts

174
Q

What did Abels study at Cal Arts?

A

African drumming

175
Q

Why did Abels want to study African drumming at Cal Arts?

A

because he felt he grew up “white” and wanted to have more experience being around a Black community

176
Q

At which school did Abels teach music?

A

New Roads

177
Q

What did Abels teach at New Roads?

A

music

178
Q

Which city is New Roads in?

A

Santa Monica, CA

179
Q

What type of school is New Roads? (private or public)

A

New Roads is a private school

180
Q

While working at New Roads, where did Abels publish/upload most of his music?

A

YouTube

181
Q

Abels’ YouTube videos caught the attention of which director?

A

director Jordan Peele

182
Q

Which year did Peele telephone Abels about his music?

A

2017

183
Q

What did Peele telephone Abels about in 2017?

A

he wanted him to contribute to the soundtrack of his movie “Get Out”

184
Q

What did Abels initially think about Peele’s phone call?

A

that he was being “punked” by him

185
Q

How did Abels confirm Peele was legit about his offer for the movie “Get Out”?

A

he got the script for the movie

186
Q

Which movie director did Abels have the best relationship with?

A

Jordan Peele

187
Q

What Oscar award did the movie “Get Out” win?

A

it won the Oscar for Best Original Screenplay

188
Q

After the movie “Get Out” won its award, who told Peele to stick with Abels?

A

Steven Spielberg

189
Q

Who did Spielberg compare the relationship between Abels and Peele with?

A

he compared it to his relationship with John Williams

190
Q

Who scored the movie “Us”?

A

Michael Abels

191
Q

When was the movie “Us” released?

A

2019

192
Q

When was the movie “Nope” released?

A

2022

193
Q

Who scored the movie “Nope”?

A

Michael Abels

194
Q

Who directed the movie “Us”

A

Jordan Peele

195
Q

Who directed the movie “Nope”

A

Jordan Peele

196
Q

Who were the co-authors of “Omar”?

A

Michael Abels and Rhiannon Giddens

197
Q

What genre is “Omar”?

A

opera

198
Q

What award did “Omar” receive?

A

a Pulitzer Prize

199
Q

When did “Omar” get its Pulitzer Prize award?

A

2023

200
Q

According to the Pentathlon Fine Arts resource guide, who did Abels first call with the news of his first Pulitzer Prize award?

A

Mark Russell Smith, his childhood friend

201
Q

Which organizations have supported the concert work of Abels?

A

National Endowment for the Arts, Meet the Composer, and the Sphinx Organization

202
Q

What is the Sphinx Organization?

A

a group dedicated to celebrating music by Black and Latino artists

203
Q

What was the piece that launched Abels’ professional career?

A

the overture “Global Warming”

204
Q

When was “Global Warming” released?

A

1990

205
Q

What did Abels find about himself in the piece “Global Warming”?

A

he felt he found his own “voice” as a composer

206
Q

Is “Global Warming” a symphony or an overture?

A

an overture

207
Q

What is an overture?

A

a type of orchestral work similar to a symphony, but shorter

208
Q

How are overtures and symphonies different?

A

overtures are typically shorter in duration than symphonies

209
Q

What was the Phoenix Symphony Guild renamed as?

A

the Phoenix Youth Symphony

210
Q

Who commissioned the piece “Global Warming”?

A

the Phoenix Symphony Guild (later the Phoenix Youth Symphony)

211
Q

When was the premiere of “Global Warming”? (exact date)

A

May 7, 1991

212
Q

Which orchestra performed “Global Warming” for their 1992 African-American Symphony Composers Forum?

A

the Detroit Symphony Orchestra

213
Q

What orchestra performed “Global Warming” in their third recording for their African Heritage Symphonic Series in 2002?

A

the Chicago Sinfonietta

214
Q

How many ensembles had performed “Global Warming” by 2023?

A

over 200

215
Q

What was “Global Warming” inspired by? (HINT: the answer is NOT global warming)

A

The Fall of the Berlin Wall

216
Q

When did the Fall of the Berlin Wall begin?

A

November 9, 1989

217
Q

What did the fall of the Berlin Wall symbolize?

A

the collapse of many communist governments in Europe

218
Q

Who was the president of the Soviet Union in 1989?

A

Mikhail Gorbachev

219
Q

Who was the president of the US in 1989?

A

George H.W. Bush

220
Q

Which two world leaders ended the Cold War?

A

George H.W. Bush and Mikhail Gorbachev

221
Q

When did H.W. Bush and Gorbachev reach an agreement to end the Cold War?

A

December 3, 1989

222
Q

The opening section of “Global Warming” is a vision of what?

A

the traditional idea of global warming

223
Q

What are the types of folk music that are most distinguishable in “Global Warming”?

A

Middle Eastern and Irish

224
Q

What type of land is presented in the opening section of “Global Warming”?

A

a scorching hot desert

225
Q

The opening section of “Global Warming” uses which instrument to suggest the buzzing of cicadas?

A

the guiro (a type of percussion instrument)

226
Q

“Global Warming” features cadenzas for which instruments?

A

it has a violin cadenza and cello cadenzas

227
Q

How is the A section of “Global Warming” marked as?

A

“lively”

228
Q

What are grace notes?

A

quick, short notes that usually follow another note

229
Q

What instrument plays the 3 grace notes during the transition away from the A section of “Global Warming”?

A

the cello

230
Q

What instrument is most commonly used in Irish ethnic music?

A

bagpipes

231
Q

Grace notes are very characteristic elements in __________ playing.

A

bagpipe

232
Q

The grace notes in the transition away from section A in “Global Warming” is a signal for which type of music?

A

the Irish music

233
Q

The Western World used a variety of scales until which era?

A

the Baroque era

234
Q

What scale/mode does Irish music often use?

A

the Dorian mode

235
Q

The U-V-U-U-U-V-U pattern is represented in which mode?

A

the Dorian mode

236
Q

What is a bodhran? (pronounced BOW-Rahn, with BOW rhyming with COW)

A

a single-headed Irish drum

237
Q

What is the technique called where French horn players use their fist to block the bell’s opening?

A

“stopped horn”

238
Q

The tone color of a stopped French horn is described as what?

A

“buzzy” or nasal-sounding

239
Q

How many minutes pass before the whole orchestra plays together in “Global Warming”?

A

4 minutes

240
Q

When the whole orchestra plays together for the first time in “Global Warming”, what dynamic level are they playing at?

A

fortissimo

241
Q

Before the start of the B section in “Global Warming”, all the instruments stop playing except for which one?

A

the tambourine

242
Q

Which solo instrument introduces the Middle-Eastern melody in “Global Warming”?

A

the oboe

243
Q

What mode is section B of “Global Warming” in? (name of the mode)

A

Mixolydian mode

244
Q

What pattern is Mixolydian mode in?

A

U-U-V-U-U-V=U

245
Q

What meter is section B of “Global Warming”?

A

triple-meter

246
Q

According to the Fine Arts Resource guide, the Mixolydian mode is commonly used in music from which region of the world?

A

the Middle East

247
Q

What is hemiola?

A

the listener’s sense of pulse can shift depending on how the composer groups the notes

248
Q

What is the goal of all practitioners of contemporary eco-art?

A

to contribute to bettering our climate crisis

249
Q

Of what race is Alma Woodsey Thomas?

A

she is African-American

250
Q

Where was Alma Thomas born?

A

Columbus, Georgia

251
Q

Where did Alma Thomas and her family move to when she was 16?

A

Washington, D.C.

252
Q

Why did Alma Thomas and her family move to D.C.?

A

to escape racial oppression and continue here education

253
Q

Where did Alma Thomas receive her Bachelor’s degree?

A

Howard University

254
Q

When did Alma Thomas earn her Bachelor’s degree?

A

1924

255
Q

After graduating college, what career did Alma Thomas pursue?

A

she was an art teacher for a long time

256
Q

What did Alma Thomas earn her Bachelor’s degree in?

A

Fine Arts

257
Q

Where did Alma Thomas first teach art?

A

Shaw Junior High School

258
Q

How long did Alma Thomas teach?

A

35 years

259
Q

What did Almma Thomas earn her Master’s degree in?

A

Education

260
Q

When did Alma Thomas retire from teaching?

A

1960

261
Q

After Alma Thomas retired, what did she turn her full attention to?

A

her paintings

262
Q

Who was the first Black person to have a solo exhibition at the Whitney Museum of American Art?

A

Alma Thomas

263
Q

How old was Alma when she got her solo exhibition at the Whitney Museum of American Art?

A

81 years old

264
Q

When did Alma Thomas get her solo exhibition at the Whitney Museum of American Art?

A

1972

265
Q

Around which time in Alma’s career did she make “Snoopy-Early Sun Display on Earth”?

A

during the final stages of her career

266
Q

“Snoopy-Early Sun Display on Earth” is part of which series by Alma?

A

“Space Paintings”

267
Q

What was the series “Space Paintings” by Alma Thomas inspired by?

A

photographs of the planet Eart that had been taken by Apollo 10 and 11

268
Q

The Apollo 10 and 11 missions were undertaken by which space agency?

A

NASA

269
Q

Alma Thomas created “Space Paintings” at the same time as which other of her series?

A

“Earth Paintings”

270
Q

What is “Earth Paintings” named after?

A

blooms of flowering plants

271
Q

What is “Snoopy-Early Sun Display on Earth” named after?

A

the “Snoopy” lunar module from Apollo 10

272
Q

The dabs of Alma’s brushstrokes are about how wide?

A

1 inch wide

273
Q

Who was Lady Bird Johnson?

A

the first lady around the time Alma Thomas made “Earth Paintings” and “Space Paintings”

274
Q

During the time in which Alma Thomas made her “Earth Paintings” and “Space Paintings”, what was Washington D.C. at the center of?

A

a national beautification campaign pioneered by Lady Bird Johnson

275
Q

What was Johnson’s broader approach to beautification of the nation’s capital?

A

doing things like planting trees and flowers, as well as creating cleaner water, cleaner air, and building park areas

276
Q

Expanded environmental policies were one of the notable achievements of which US president? (mid-to-late 20th century)

A

Lyndon B. Johnson

277
Q

When was the Redwood National Park established?

A

1968

278
Q

When was the North Cascades National Park established?

A

1968

279
Q

The North Cascades and Redwood National Parks were created under which presidency?

A

under President LB Johnson

280
Q

When was the Clean Air Act passed?

A

1963

281
Q

The Clean Air Act was passed under which presidency?

A

President LBJ

282
Q

When was the Wilderness Act passed?

A

1964

283
Q

The Wilderness Act was passed under which presidency?

A

President LBJ

284
Q

When did Stewart Brand publish “Whole Earth Catalog”?

A

1968

285
Q

When did James Lovelock and Lynn Margulis conceive the Gaia hypothesis?

A

the early 1970s

286
Q

When was Arne Naess’s deep ecology movement launched?

A

1973

287
Q

When was “Black Ecology” written/released?

A

1970

288
Q

Who’s the author of “Black Ecology”?

A

Nathan Hare

289
Q

Where was Ana Mendieta born?

A

Havana, Cuba

290
Q

When did Mendieta leave Cuba?

A

1961

291
Q

Why did Mendieta leave Cuba?

A

due to the Cuban Revolution through Operation Pedro Pan

292
Q

What was Operation Pedro Pan?

A

an American government program run by Catholic Charities, which managed to transport 14,000 unaccompanied children out of Cuba

293
Q

How many years did Mendieta and her sister spend in foster homes before being reunited with their mother and brother?

A

5 years

294
Q

Where did Mendieta complete her Master’s and Bachelor’s degrees?

A

University of Iowa

295
Q

What did Mendieta receive her Bachelor’s in?

A

painting

296
Q

When did Mendieta complete her Bachelor’s degree?

A

1972

297
Q

When did Mendieta complete her Master’s degree?

A

1977

298
Q

What did Mendieta have a Master’s degree in?

A

she had a Master of Fine Arts

299
Q

During Mendieta’s time in her college’s multimedia program, what other fine art forms did she shift towards?

A

performance art with elements of sculpture and photography

300
Q

The piece “Grass on Woman” by Mendieta foreshadowed which series?

A

Mendieta’s “Silueta” series

301
Q

In the piece “Grass on Woman”, Mendieta covered herself in what?

A

cut grass

302
Q

In the piece “Feathers on Woman”, Mendieta covered herself in what?

A

chicken feathers

303
Q

In “Feathers on Woman”, Mendieta covers herself in chicken feathers to transform into whom?

A

the Mesoamerican feathered serpent Queztalcoatl

304
Q

When did Mendieta travel to Oaxaca, Mexico to study pre-Colombian cultural sites?

A

1973

305
Q

Why did Mendieta travel to Oaxaca, Mexico in 1973?

A

to study pre-Colombian cultural sites

306
Q

When did Mendieta begin her “Silueta” series?

A

1973

307
Q

What does the “Silueta” series consist of?

A

traced or sculpted outlines of Mendieta’s body on the ground

308
Q

Mendieta traveled to Cuba many times in the 1980s as a member of what?

A

Circulo de Cultura Cubana (Cuban Cultural Circle)

309
Q

Mendieta was raised in which religion?

A

she grew up Catholic

310
Q

Where was Rebecca Belmore born?

A

Upsala, Ontario, Canada

311
Q

When was Rebecca Belmore born?

A

1960

312
Q

Belmore is a member of which indigenous group?

A

the Lac Seul First Nation

313
Q

The Lac Seul First Nation is culturally and linguistically ________________.

A

Anishinaabe

314
Q

Belmore went to a high school that was predominantly of which race?

A

her high school was predominantly white

315
Q

In what city did Belmore go to high school?

A

the city of Thunder Bay

316
Q

Belmore’s grandmother maintained a traditional lifestyle doing what?

A

harvesting food off the land

317
Q

Who encouraged Belmore to enter an art contest during high school, which she won, that drove her towards art?

A

her teacher

318
Q

After high school, where did Belmore go to college?

A

Ontario College of Art

319
Q

Belmore has earned membership to which art academy?

A

the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts

320
Q

Who was the first Indigenous person chosen to represent Canada at the Venice Biennale?

A

Rebecca Belmore

321
Q

When did Belmore receive Canada’s Governor General’s Award in Visual and Media Arts?

A

2005

322
Q

Who created “Speaking to Their Mother”?

A

Rebecca Belmore

323
Q

When was “Speaking to Their Mother” initially made?

A

1991

324
Q

“Speaking to Their Mother” was made as a response to which event?

A

the Kanesatake Resistance (or Oka Crisis)

325
Q

How long was the Kanesatake Resistance?

A

78 days

326
Q

What was the Kanasatake Resistance?

A

a political standoff with Canada and the Mohawk tribe

327
Q

After the Kanasatake Resistance, did Canada designate the territory bought by the nation as a Mohawk reserve?

A

No

328
Q

Which year did the Kanasatake Resistance happen?

A

1990

329
Q

What did Belmore make for “Speaking to Their Mother”?

A

a huge wooden megaphone

330
Q

How long/wide was the megaphone used in “Speaking to Their Mother”?

A

it was 6ft wide and 7ft long

331
Q

Does the megaphone used in “Speaking to Their Mother” have any electronic components?

A

Yes, there is an electronic megaphone attached to one end

332
Q

By how much will the megaphone in “Speaking to Their Mother” amplify one’s voice?

A

up to 9 times

333
Q

Where was the megaphone used in “Speaking to Their Mother” assembled?

A

near Alberta’s Johnson Lake

334
Q

Where was the megaphone in “Speaking to Their Mother” pointed towards?

A

the Rocky Mountain range

335
Q

Vanessa Watts is a scholar of what culture?

A

Anishinaabe culture

336
Q

What does Vanessa Watts call the relationship to the site in “Speaking to Their Mother”?

A

“Place-Thought”

337
Q

What is “Place-Thought”?

A

the premise that land is alive and thinking that humans and non-humans derive agency through the extension of these thoughts

338
Q

Where was the megaphone in “Speaking to Their Mother” initially installed?

A

Banff National Park

339
Q

In which 2 years did Belmore take “Speaking to Their Mother” across Canada and the US?

A

1992 and 1996

340
Q

Why was 1992 important for ongoing Indigenous social and environmental issues?

A

because it was the 500th anniversary of Christopher Columbus’ first landing in the Americas

341
Q

What was the Anthropocene?

A

a geological era of Earth created by human activity

342
Q

Who created “Unmoored”?

A

Mel Chin

343
Q

When was Mel Chin born?

A

1951

344
Q

Where was Mel Chin born?

A

Houston, TX

345
Q

Mel Chin was the first in his family to be born where?

A

the US

346
Q

Chin’s parents were born in which country?

A

China

347
Q

Where did Chin go to college?

A

Peabody College of Vanderbilt University

348
Q

Many of Chin’s budding interests can be traced to which one of his early works?

A

“Seesaw” in 1976

349
Q

When was the piece “Seesaw” by Mel Chin made?

A

1976

350
Q

What did Chin do to create “Seesaw”?

A

he buried 2 6ft by 6ft boxes in Houston’s Hermann Park and connected them to an underground hydraulic system

351
Q

For the piece “In the Name of Place”, Chin collaborated with a member from what committee?

A

the GALA Committee

352
Q

What is the GALA Committee?

A

a large collective made up of students, artists, critics, set decorators, and producers

353
Q

How was the term “GALA”, used in GALA Committee, coined?

A

it was a combination of the University of Georgia (“GA”) and the California Institute of Arts in LA (“LA”)

354
Q

When did the Fundred Project begin?

A

2006

355
Q

Where did the Fundred Project begin?

A

New Orleans, Lousiana

356
Q

What caused the Fundred Project to be formed?

A

the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, and the crisis for lead-polluted water

357
Q

Chin was inspired to bring together half a million children and adults to collect what for the Fundred Project?

A

“fundred dollar bills”

358
Q

What are “fundred dollar bills”?

A

a uniquely drawn $100 bill that contributes to the Fundred Project by increasing consciousness among people

359
Q

When did “Revival Field” begin?

A

1991

360
Q

The work “Revival Field” tackles what problem?

A

a fundamental ecological problem of the industrial era

361
Q

Who did Chin work with to try to solve heavy metals entering our soil?

A

Rufus Chaney, an agronomist from the USDA

362
Q

With Chaney, Chin devised a method for removing the heavy metals from the ground using what?

A

a plant called Thlaspi

363
Q

What type of plant is Thlaspi?

A

it is a hyperaccumulator

364
Q

What is a hyperaccumulator?

A

a variety of plant that absorbs heavy metal particulate into its roots and leaves

365
Q

“Revival Field” is located where?

A

the Pig’s Eye Landfill in St. Paul, Minnesota

366
Q

The film “The Arctic Is” by Chin features whom?

A

Jens Danielson

367
Q

Who is Jens Danielson?

A

an Inuit hunter from northern Greenland, who often speaks about climate change

368
Q

During the summer of 2018, visitors to Time Square could access “Unmoored” on what?

A

a digital app on their cell phones

369
Q

The digital app for “Unmoored” allows visitors to see what?

A

how NYC would like under 26ft of water in a climate-changed future

370
Q

former US Vice President Al Gore made and starred in which documentary?

A

“An Inconvenient Truth”

371
Q

Where was Frazier born?

A

Braddock, Pennsylvania

372
Q

When was Frazier born?

A

1982

373
Q

While growing up in Frazier’s grandmother’s house, she developed interests in what?

A

drawing and paintings

374
Q

Frazier’s grandma’s house was in the ____________ neighborhood in Braddock.

A

poorest

375
Q

Who did Frazier go to college with?

A

photographer Kathe Kowalski

376
Q

Where did Frazier go to college?

A

Edinboro University in Pennsylvania

377
Q

What did Frazier have a master’s degree in?

A

she had a Master of Fine Arts in photography

378
Q

When did Frazier receive her Master of Fine Arts degree?

A

2007

379
Q

Where did Frazier complete her Master of Fine Arts?

A

Syracuse University

380
Q

Frazier’s professional practice engages issues of social justice, focusing on which particular region in the US?

A

communities within Rust Belt

381
Q

Where is Rust Belt?

A

it is located south of the Great Lakes

382
Q

Where does Frazier now teach?

A

she teaches as a professor at the Art Institute of Chicago

383
Q

When was the invention of photography?

A

the 19th century

384
Q

Frazier has repeatedly used which format as a genre to produce her work?

A

she has used the family photo album

385
Q

Frazier’s early project “A Notion of Family” reveals what?

A

the ways in which she draws on the interpersonal closeness of the family album

386
Q

Where was “A Notion of Family” shot?

A

in Braddock, PA

387
Q

What contributed to a 90% reduction of Braddock’s population during the 80s?

A

the collapse of the steelworks

388
Q

When did Frazier travel to Flint, Michigan to begin her series “Flint Is Family”?

A

2016

389
Q

Why did Frazier travel to Flint, Michigan in 2016?

A

to begin the photographic series “Flint is Family” in response to the city’s health crisis due to lead in their water

390
Q

What does BIPOC stand for?

A

Black, Indigenous, People of Color

391
Q

Who made “Family of Man”?

A

Edward Steichen

392
Q

What is “Family of Man” criticized for?

A

for including Black photographers as an empty gesture

393
Q

“Family of Man” is currently in which art museum?

A

NYC’s Museum of Modern Art, or MOMA

394
Q

Flint is in which region in Michigan?

A

the Rust Belt region

395
Q

Flint has been struck by poverty after what event?

A

the closing of many industrial manufacturing plants, most of which were GM and the automobile industry

396
Q

What caused the Flint water crisis?

A

when Michigan Governor Rick Snyder changed the water supply of Flint from Lake Huron to the Flint River, a river with toxic waste, using pipes polluted with lead

397
Q

The Flint River is polluted with what?

A

toxic waste

398
Q

Most of the residents living in Flint, Michigan are of what minority, living in what financial status?

A

most of them are Black living in poverty

399
Q

How much has the population of Flint, MI shrunk from the highest in the 20th century to today?

A

it has shrunk by around 150,000 residents, from 250,000 to 100,000

400
Q

In 2016, Frazier published a series of photographs that depict that disaster in Flint, MI in what magazine?

A

the Elle magazine