Fine Arts: Land use

Question 1

What has long been important to artistic production?

Answer 1

Land

Land is the source of materials for artistic production and has historical significance in art.

Question 2

What materials are commonly used in sculpture?

Answer 2

Clay, stone, and wood

These materials have long been traditional in the creation of sculptures.

Question 3

Which artists began depicting the lands of the Dutch Republic in the seventeenth century?

Answer 3

Dutch artists

They shifted the focus of paintings from background to the land itself.

Question 4

What art movement saw an increase in landscape painting popularity?

Answer 4

Romantic period

Artists in Germany, England, and the U.S. engaged in new techniques to show their lands.

Question 5

What belief was harnessed by landscape paintings of the West in the U.S.?

Answer 5

Manifest Destiny

This belief suggested that American settlers were divinely predestined to occupy the continent.

Question 6

What was implied by the concept of Manifest Destiny regarding Indigenous peoples?

Answer 6

The lands were empty of culture and history

This perspective devalued native peoples and disregarded their existence.

Question 7

What theme links contemporary artworks related to landscape?

Answer 7

Interrogation of forces that divide lands from their inhabitants

This includes investigations of military occupation and colonial settlers.

Question 8

What does the term ‘Indigenous’ refer to?

Answer 8

People whose culture originates from a particular place

It is a widely used term that is not specific to North America.

Question 9

What term describes cultures that originated in North America?

Answer 9

Native American

Gained popularity through political movements in the 1960s and 1970s.

Question 10

What is the term used in Canada that recognizes the sovereignty of Indigenous peoples?

Answer 10

First Nations

It refers to Indigenous peoples in Canada who are neither Métis nor Inuit.

Question 11

What does the term ‘Aboriginal’ refer to?

Answer 11

The first inhabitants of a territory

This term is more common in Canada than in the U.S.

Question 12

Who are Allora & Calzadilla?

Answer 12

Jennifer Allora and Guillermo Calzadilla

They are artists who create artwork through collaboration.

Question 13

What is the focus of the artwork ‘Land Mark (Foot Prints)’?

Answer 13

Land use on the island of Vieques, Puerto Rico

This series addresses the impact of military occupation.

Question 14

What event heightened tension regarding the military occupation of Vieques?

Answer 14

The accidental killing of a security guard by a fighter pilot in 1999

This incident intensified civil disobedience campaigns.

Question 15

What did Allora & Calzadilla create for their protest on Vieques?

Answer 15

Custom-made shoes with printed messages

These shoes were used during their civil disobedience actions.

Question 16

What does the title ‘Land Mark’ play on?

Answer 16

The term ‘landmark’

It contrasts permanent structures with temporary marks made during protest.

Question 17

What did Allora & Calzadilla photograph during their protest?

Answer 17

Imprints left by their custom-designed soles on the sand

These photographs are part of their artwork display.

Question 18

What metaphor does the upturned table in ‘Under Discussion’ represent?

Answer 18

Dysfunction in discussions

The table symbolizes both gathering and disruption.

Question 19

What are some questions posed by Allora & Calzadilla about land?

Answer 19

• How is land differentiated by the way it is marked?
• Who decides what is worth preserving?
• What are the strategies for reclaiming marked land?
• How does one articulate an ethics and politics of land use?

These questions provoke thought without providing direct answers.

Question 20

Who is Kent Monkman?

Answer 20

A Cree artist and prominent Indigenous North American artist

He addresses colonization and Indigenous culture in his works.

Question 21

What artistic technique does Kent Monkman use in his work ‘Fourth World’?

Answer 21

Appropriation

This technique involves using the form of another artwork to convey new meanings.

Question 22

What historical event does Monkman’s work reference in relation to the American West?

Answer 22

The California genocide

This refers to the brutal displacement of Indigenous inhabitants.

Question 23

What is the significance of the Yosemite Falls in Monkman’s painting?

Answer 23

It references Albert Bierstadt’s 1864 painting

Bierstadt’s works were part of the Romantic tradition influencing Manifest Destiny.

Question 24

What is commonly referred to as the California genocide?

Answer 24

The mass killing of Indigenous peoples in California during the 19th century.

This term highlights the systematic violence against Indigenous populations during colonization.

Question 25

In Monkman's painting, what does the term 'playing Indian' refer to?

Answer 25

Contemporary men appropriating Indigenous cultural practices for personal enjoyment. ## Footnote This reflects on cultural appropriation and the complexities of identity.

Question 26

What does the camouflage worn by the men in Monkman's painting symbolize?

Answer 26

A means for hunters to disguise themselves, but also a fashion statement aligning with military style. ## Footnote This duality emphasizes the blend of cultural meanings.

Question 27

What historical significance do horses have in the context of Monkman's painting?

Answer 27

Horses were introduced to North America by European colonists in the 16th century and became associated with Native Americans. ## Footnote This highlights the complex interactions between Indigenous peoples and European settlers.

Question 28

What material is used in the copper-colored walls of Monkman's painting?

Answer 28

Rusted COR-TEN steel. ## Footnote This material is preferred by Richard Serra for large-scale sculptures.

Question 29

What key concept did Richard Serra help establish in art history?

Answer 29

Site-specificity as a key element of outdoor sculpture. ## Footnote Serra's work has influenced the understanding of how art interacts with its environment.

Question 30

What was the controversy surrounding Serra's work 'Tilted Arc'?

Answer 30

It was removed from its site in 1989 despite Serra's testimony on its site-specificity. ## Footnote This incident sparked discussions about the nature of public art and its relationship to place.

Question 31

What is the Fourth World as referred to in Monkman's painting?

Answer 31

Cultures without their own sovereignty existing within another political nation. ## Footnote This term highlights the struggles of Indigenous cultures in a post-colonial context.

Question 32

Who is Bonnie Devine?

Answer 32

An Indigenous installation artist, curator, writer, and educator from the Serpent River First Nation. ## Footnote Devine's work often explores themes of Indigenous identity and environmental impact.

Question 33

What was the purpose of Devine's 'Reclamation Project'?

Answer 33

To comment on the land claim and standoff at Camp Ipperwash following the shooting of Dudley George. ## Footnote This project highlights the ongoing struggles for Indigenous land rights.

Question 34

In 'Canoe,' what traditional art-making techniques does Devine examine?

Answer 34

Sewing techniques of Anishinaabe/Ojibwa culture. ## Footnote This reflects the importance of cultural practices in contemporary Indigenous art.

Question 35

What themes are explored in Devine's exhibition 'Battle for the Woodlands'?

Answer 35

Indigenous art-making, collective memory, and environmental impact. ## Footnote This work addresses the ecological consequences of colonialism.

Question 36

What does Devine's installation include that connects to Indigenous experiences?

Answer 36

Freestanding sculptures from natural materials and a colonial map of the border region. ## Footnote The installation critiques historical narratives and emphasizes Indigenous relationships to land.

Question 37

What does the term 'catastrophic habitat loss' refer to in Devine's work?

Answer 37

The loss of ecological life due to colonial settlement and land occupation. ## Footnote This highlights the environmental degradation resulting from colonization.

Question 38

What is the significance of the animals depicted in Devine's painting?

Answer 38

They represent the interconnectedness of Indigenous peoples with their land and the impact of colonialism. ## Footnote This approach emphasizes a holistic view of ecology and culture.

Question 39

What is the focus of Will Wilson's photographic series 'Survey'?

Answer 39

Documenting contaminated lands within and bordering Dinétah due to environmental harm from extraction activities. ## Footnote This project raises awareness about the ongoing impact of mining on Indigenous lands.

Question 40

What major event is documented in Wilson's photograph 'Church Rock Spill'?

Answer 40

The largest radioactive spill in U.S. history that occurred on July 16, 1979. ## Footnote This incident had devastating effects on the local environment and communities.

Question 41

What false assumption does Wilson challenge in his work?

Answer 41

The perception that Indigenous peoples only exist in the past and have disappeared. ## Footnote This challenges stereotypes perpetuated by historical narratives and representations.

Question 42

What does Wilson's use of historical photographic processes signify?

Answer 42

A critique of how Indigenous subjects have been historically represented in American culture. ## Footnote This reflects the tension between past and present Indigenous identities.

Question 43

What narrative does Wilson critique regarding Native Americans?

Answer 43

The narrative that Native Americans exist only in the past, perpetuated by earlier representations such as those by Edward S. Curtis. ## Footnote This narrative is linked to the stereotype of Native Americans being 'frozen in time' in historical photographs.

Question 44

Who was Edward S. Curtis?

Answer 44

A photographer known for his stereotyped portraits of Native American subjects between 1907 and 1930. ## Footnote His work significantly influenced public perception of Native American identity.

Question 45

What technique does Will Wilson use for his portraits?

Answer 45

Large format wet plate collodion photographs. ## Footnote This technique produces high-detail glass-plate negatives.

Question 46

What is the aim of Wilson's photographic inquiry?

Answer 46

To stimulate critical dialogue and reflection around the historic and contemporary photographic exchange concerning Native Americans.

Question 47

What does Wilson emphasize in his portraits?

Answer 47

The uniqueness of each subject, resisting stereotypes. ## Footnote Subjects are shown alone or with family members, highlighting individuality.

Question 48

What does the title 'Survey' imply about Wilson's project?

Answer 48

It suggests examining conditions, determining form, and comprehensively considering the subjects and landscapes. ## Footnote This definition aligns with Merriam-Webster’s dictionary meanings.

Question 49

How did nineteenth-century American photographers like Timothy O’Sullivan contribute to the understanding of land and native peoples?

Answer 49

They developed photographic techniques to render lands and native peoples as information for the U.S. government.

Question 50

What is a key theme in contemporary landscape art?

Answer 50

Engagement with current issues of politics, climate, and environmentalism.

Question 51

What is the focus of Allora & Calzadilla's work 'Land Mark (Foot Prints)'?

Answer 51

Land use on the island of Vieques, Puerto Rico. ## Footnote The work is part of a civil disobedience protest involving a bombing range.

Question 52

What artistic approach does Kent Monkman use in 'The Fourth World'?

Answer 52

Appropriation of other artists' works and blurring historical time periods.

Question 53

What does the waterfall in Monkman's painting reference?

Answer 53

A nineteenth-century painting by Albert Bierstadt. ## Footnote Bierstadt's work supported the belief in Manifest Destiny.

Question 54

What does Bonnie Devine's 'Battle for the Woodlands' address?

Answer 54

Land use and environmental harm in the Eastern Woodlands of North America. ## Footnote The installation contrasts colonial maps with representations of coexistence.

Question 55

What is a significant aspect of Will Wilson's series 'Survey'?

Answer 55

Documentation of contaminated lands within Dinétah and its borders.

Question 56

True or False: Will Wilson's work aims to humanize groups historically treated by stereotypes.

Answer 56

True

Question 57

What environmental issue is highlighted in Wilson's work 'Church Rock Spill Evaporation Ponds'?

Answer 57

The contamination from uranium mining and its historical impact on Native lands.

Question 58

Fill in the blank: Early projects by Bonnie Devine, such as ______, resist colonial land occupation.

Answer 58

Reclamation Project

Question 59

What do Allora & Calzadilla's photographs of 'Land Mark (Foot Prints)' symbolize?

Answer 59

The fleeting nature of imprints in the sand contrasted with the permanence of photographs.