FINDING RESEARCH

Question 1

what does it mean to say research is probablistic?

Answer 1

conclusions explain a proportion of cases, but not all of them

Question 2

Meshing hypothesis

Answer 2

instruction is most effective when it matches the preferences of the learner

Question 3

Why is the meshing hypothesis so popular?

Answer 3

• People like type theories
• They want to be seen as individuals
• It promotes the idea that people can learn effectively/easily
• It removes responsibility from parents- they can blame teachers for using inadequate learning styles as the reason that their kids aren’t learning

Question 4

Why should we not base beleifs solely on personal experience?

Answer 4

no comparison group

experience is confounded

Question 5

comparison group

Answer 5

a group in an expt whose levels on the IV differ from the treatment group in some intended and meaningful way

Question 6

Confound

Answer 6

alternative explanation for a research finding. A threat to internal validity (as we can no longer say that the effects we observed were because of our manipulations)

Question 7

Availability heuristic

Answer 7

bias in intuition. Incorrectyly estimate frequency of something based on how easily it comes to mind

Question 8

Present/present bias

Answer 8

bias in intuition. Incorrectly estimate relationship between an event and its outcome by focusing on when they are both present and failing to consider evidence that is absent

Question 9

Confirmation bias

Answer 9

tendency to consider only evidence that supports a hypothesis. Asking questions that will lead to the expected answer

Question 10

Bias blind spot

Answer 10

tendency to think that compared to others we are less likely to engage in biased reasoning.

Question 11

Meta-analysis

Answer 11

mathematically average the effect sizes of all the studies that have tested the same variables see what conclusion the entire body of evidence supports

Question 12

Effect size

Answer 12

strength of a relationship between 2 or more variables

Question 13

Applied research

Answer 13

goal is to find a solution to a particular real-world problem. Obtain new knowledge to find solutions

Question 14

Translation research

Answer 14

uses knowledge derived from basic research to develop and test solutions to real-world problems. Translates knowledge we already have to find solutions

Question 15

Empiricism

Answer 15

use of verifiable evidence as the basis for conclusions. Collect data systematically and use it to develop, support or challenge a theory

Question 16

Theory

Answer 16

a statement describing principles about how variables relate to each other

Question 17

Hypothesis

Answer 17

statement of the specific result the researcher expects to observe from a particular study. Aka prediction

Question 18

Weight of the evidence

Answer 18

conclusion drawn from reviewing scientific lit, based on how many studies are consistent with a theory