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PHARM CARE > FINANCING > Flashcards

FINANCING Flashcards

1
Q

is a core function of health systems that can enable
progress towards universal health coverage by improving effective
service coverage and financial protection

A

Health financing

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2
Q

involves the allocation of resources from government
bodies to support activities that benefit the public at large.

A

Public Sector Financing

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3
Q

This type of funding is typically obtained
through:

A
  • grants
  • Subsidies
  • Contracts
  • loans local government agencies
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4
Q

Government Spending on Healthcare:

A

e P5. 768 trillion-General Appropriations Act for Fiscal Year 2024 is
9.5 percent higher than the previous fiscal year,

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5
Q

The Philippine Health Insurance Corporation or PhilHealth was
created to deliver universal health insurance coverage for all Filipinos,
making healthcare more accessible, available, and affordable for
many

A

PhilHealth (Philippine Health Insurance
Corporation)

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6
Q

“Philhealth has a support value of , which means ________
that for every 100 pesos in hospitalization costs, Philhealth shoulders,
on average, 66 pesos,

A

65.89 percent

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7
Q

are expenditures borne directly by a patient
where insurance does not cover the full cost of the health good or
service.

A

Out-of-pocket payments

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8
Q

Major problem

A
  • The shortage of hospitals and surgical equipment are the primary
    barriers to quality healthcare in the Philippines.
  • Half of the people who live in the Philippines reside in rural areas of
    the country where there are sometimes no licensed medical doctors
    and ill-equipped facilities with broken medical devices.
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9
Q

Physical Resources

A

A. Health Facilities
B. Medical Equipment and Technology:
C. Pharmaceutical Resources:

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10
Q

Human Resources

A

A. Healthcare Professionals:
B. Training and Education:
C. Regulation and Oversight:
D. Workforce Distribution:

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11
Q

The Philippines has a mix of public and private hospitals.
Public hospitals are managed by the Department of Health (DOH) and
local government units (LGUs), while private hospitals are run by
various organizations and individuals.

A
  • Hospitals:
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12
Q

These range from small community clinics to larger specialized
clinics offering specific services like dental, maternal care, and mental
health.

A
  • Clinics:
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13
Q

These are primary health care
facilities located in barangays (villages) and are often the first point of
contact for healthcare services for many Filipinos

A
  • Barangay Health Stations (BHS):
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14
Q
  1. Availability varies across regions and between public and private sectors.
    Some regions may have more advanced equipment and technology, while
    others may lack access.
  2. Challenges include maintenance and updating of equipment due to limited
    budgets and resources.
A

Medical Equipment and Technology:

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15
Q
  1. Availability of essential medicines is a key concern, particularly in remote
    areas where access to pharmacies or drugstores may be limited.
  2. The Philippine Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates the registration,
    distribution, and marketing of pharmaceutical products in the country.
A

Pharmaceutical Resources:

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16
Q
  1. Physicians: Both general practitioners and specialists are crucial for delivering
    healthcare services.
  2. Nurses: Provide frontline care in hospitals, clinics, and community settings.
  3. Allied Health Professionals: Include pharmacists, physical therapists, medical
    technologists, and others who support healthcare delivery.
  4. Midwives: Play a vital role in maternal and child health, especially in rural
    areas.
A

Healthcare Professionals:

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17
Q
  1. Medical and nursing schools are found across the country, producing a
    significant number of healthcare professionals each year.
  2. Challenges include ensuring the quality of education and addressing the
    urban-rural disparity in the distribution of healthcare professionals.
A

Training and Education:

18
Q
  1. The Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) regulates and licenses
    healthcare professionals in the Philippines.
  2. Continuous education and training are required for healthcare professionals
    to maintain their licenses.
A

Regulation and Oversight:

19
Q
  1. There’s a significant disparity in healthcare workforce distribution between
    urban and rural areas, with urban areas having more healthcare professionals
    per capita.
A

Workforce Distribution:

20
Q

: Many Filipino healthcare professionals migrate abroad for
better opportunities, leading to shortages in certain areas

A

Brain Drain

21
Q

: Retaining healthcare professionals, especially in rural and
underserved areas, is a challenge due to factors such as low salaries,
lack of facilities, and limited career advancement opportunities

A

Retention

22
Q

The government-run
Philippine Health Insurance
Corporation (PhilHealth)
provides universal healthcare
coverage, funded through a
combination of member
contributions and
government subsidies.

A

Public Sector

23
Q

Private hospitals and clinics
play a significant role,
catering to those who can
afford higher-end services.
However, costs can be
prohibitive for many Filipinos.

A

Private Sector

24
Q

Inadequate funding, uneven
distribution of resources, and
a shortage of healthcare
professionals continue to
strain the system and limit
access to care

A

Challenges

25
Q

The government has implemented programs to expand healthcare coverage,
improve infrastructure, and address workforce shortages

A

Government Initiatives

26
Q

NGOs, charities, and community organizations supplement government efforts
by providing targeted services and outreach to underserved populations.

A

Non-profit Efforts

27
Q

Collaborations between the government and private sector have enabled
innovative solutions to healthcare challenges.

A

Public-Private Partnerships

28
Q

Legislation to provide affordable, quality
healthcare coverage for all Filipinos.

A

Universal Health Care Act

29
Q

Initiatives to train, deploy, and retain
healthcare workers in underserved areas

A

Health Workforce Development

30
Q

Efforts to increase enrollment and benefits
under the national health insurance
program

A

Expanding PhilHealth

31
Q

Investments in modernizing and expanding
healthcare facilities nationwide.

A

Improving Infrastructure

32
Q

Community health centers, barangay health
stations, and rural health units provide
essential primary care services to local
populations.

A

Primary Care
.

33
Q

Vaccination programs, health education
campaigns, and disease surveillance efforts
aim to promote wellness and prevent the
spread of illnesses.

A

Preventive Care

34
Q

Larger hospitals, both public and private, offer
specialized treatments and advanced medical
procedures, though access can be limited

A

Specialty Care

35
Q

Emergency medical services, disaster
response teams, and trauma centers ensure
that critical care is available during crises and
emergencies.

A

Emergency Response

36
Q

Signed into law in 2019, this landmark legislation aims to provide affordable,
quality, and accessible healthcare for all Filipinos.

A

Universal Health Care Act

37
Q

Efforts to upgrade infrastructure, invest in technology, and improve the
efficiency of the healthcare system are ongoing

A

Modernization Initiatives

38
Q

Strategies to address the shortage of healthcare professionals, including
training, recruitment, and retention programs, are being implemented.

A

Workforce Development

39
Q

The expansion of
healthcare coverage
has increased access
to services,
particularly in
underserved regions

A

Improved Access

40
Q

Disparities in the
quality of care across
different facilities and
regions remain a
challenge.

A

Quality Variability

41
Q

High out-of-pocket
expenses for
healthcare services
continue to be a
burden for many
Filipinos.

A

Affordability Concerns

42
Q

Ensuring the longterm financial viability
and stability of the
healthcare system is
an ongoing priority.

A

Sustainability Risks

PHARM CARE (4 decks)

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