Financial Planning Flashcards
What is a Static Budget?
Budget targeted for a specific segment of a company.
What is a Maser Budget?
Budget targeted for the company as a whole Includes budgets for Operations and Cash Flows Includes set of budgeted Financial Statements
How do Fixed Costs affect budgeting?
Costs independent of the level activity within the relevant range Property Tax is the same whether you produce 100-000 units or zero units However - Fixed Costs per unit vary given the amount of activity If you produce fewer units- fixed costs per unit will be greater than if you produce more units - i.e. less units to spread the cost over
How do Variable Costs affect budgeting?
The more Direct Materials or Direct Labor used- the more Variable Costs per unit However - Variable Costs per unit don’t change with the level of activity like Fixed Costs per unit
How are Material Variances calculated?
SAM: Standard Material Costs - Actual Material Costs = Material Variance
How are Labor Variances calculated?
SAL Standard Labor Costs - Actual Labor Costs = Labor Variance
How are Overhead Variances calculated?
OAT Overhead Applied - Actual Overhead Cost = Total Overhead Variance
How does Absorption Costing compare to Variable Costing?
Absorption Costing - External Use- Cost of Sales- Gross Profit- SG&A Variable Costing - Internal Use- Variable Costs- Contribution Margin- Fixed Costs
How is Contribution Margin calculated?
Sales Price (per unit) - Variable Cost (per unit) = Contribution Margin (per unit)
How is Break-even Point (per unit) calculated?
Total Fixed Costs / Contribution Margin (per unit) = Break-even Point Per Unit Assumption: Total Costs & Total Revenues are LINEAR
What is the focus in a Cost Center?
Management is concerned only with costs
What is the focus in a Profit Center?
Management is concerned with both costs and profits
What is the focus in an Investment Center?
Management is concerned with costs- profits- and assets
What is the Delphi technique?
Forecasting technique where Data is collected and analyzed Requires judgement/consensus
What is Regression Analysis?
A forecasting technique where Sales is the dependent variable. Simple Regression - One independent variable Multiple Regression - Multiple independent variables
