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CPA- BEC > B4 Vocab (Appendix) > Flashcards

B4 Vocab (Appendix) Flashcards

1
Q

components of computerized systems

A

People, data, hardware, software, and networks

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2
Q

hardware

A

CPU- processor and primary storage

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3
Q

processor

A

interprets program instructions, coordinates input, output and storage devices and performs arithmetic calculations

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4
Q

primary storage

A

used to store program instructions and data until program instructions can be executed

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5
Q

secondary storage devices

A

hard drives/flash drives

means to permanently store programs and data

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6
Q

peripherals

A

devices that transfer data to or from the CPU but do not take part in the actual processing of data
include input and output devices

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7
Q

input devices

A

peripherals-
supply the data to be processed
e.g. keyboards, mice, scanners, magnetic ink character readers, etc

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8
Q

output devices

A

peripherals-
transfer data from the processing unit to various output media
e.g. printers, speakers, CRTS or monitors, etc

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9
Q

classes of processors

A

processing power

multiprocessing

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10
Q

processing power

A 
class of processors-
described in terms of MIPS (millions of instructions per second)
speed
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11
Q

multiprocessing

A

class of processors-
general term
symmetric multiprocessing- one operating system controls the processing
parallel processing- each processor has its own operating system

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12
Q

software

A

three broad categories

  1. system software
  2. programming languages
  3. application software
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13
Q

system software

A

programs that run the computer and support system mgmt operations

  1. operating systems
  2. database management systems
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14
Q

operating systems

A

provides interface between the user an hardware

Windows

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15
Q

database management system

A

software package that controls the development, use, and maintenance of the databases used by the organization

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16
Q

bit

A

data storage

binary digit with which all computer data is stored

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17
Q

byte

A

data storage
group of 8 bits that represent a number or letter
sometimes called characters

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18
Q

field

A

group of bytes in which a specific data element such as an employee number or name is stored

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19
Q

record

A

group of fields that represents the data that is being stored for a particular entity such as a customer or A/R

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20
Q

file

A

collection of related records, often arranged in some kind of sequence, such as a customer file made up of customer records and organized by customer number

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21
Q

traditional file storage

A

data stored in files, with the formats and organization of the data often specific to each particular application system

  1. duplicate data
  2. data errors
  3. change in data (program-data dependence)
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22
Q

database

A

integrated collection of data records and data files.

centralizes data and minimizes redundant data

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23
Q

database management system

A 
tool 
separate computer program that allows an organizzation to create new databases and use and work with the data in the databases after they have been created. 
allows for maintenance 
addition or subtraction of data elements
Access and Oracle
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24
Q

relational technology

A

data is stored in two dimensional tables that are related to each other via keys
often include ad hoc report writers

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25
Q

normalization

A

process of separating data into logical tables

before a relational database can be designed, a process of normalization has to occur

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26
Q

object-oriented databases

A

includes data such as comments, drawings, images, voice, and video
more flexible than relational database
slower than relational database

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27
Q

Major uses of DBMS

A
  1. database development
  2. database query
  3. database maintenance
  4. Application development
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28
Q

database development

A

one of the major uses of DBMS

procedure by which a database administrator uses the DBMS to create a new, empty database

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29
Q

database query

A

one of the major uses of DBMS
process by which end users can retrieve specific data or info from the database
end user establishes certain criteria and all data are displayed
SQL

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30
Q

database maintenance

A

one of the major uses of DBMS
updating of DBMS software and revision of the database structure to reflect new business needs
includes testing the effectiveness and efficiency of the database- via built in diagnostic and maintenance programs(database tuning)

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31
Q

application development

A

one of the major uses of DBMS
allows a DBA or computer programmer to use a programming language or a series of macros to turn a database into a computer software application.
(instead of creating queries as needed, automated)

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32
Q

types of databases

A 
operational
analytical 
data warehouses
distributed databases
end-user databases
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33
Q

operational database

A

store detailed data needed to support the day to day operations of an organization .
customer databases
personnel databases

34
Q

analytical database

A

store data and information extracted from operational database.
summarized data used primarily by managers in an organization

35
Q

data warehouses

A

store data from current and previos years, often from both operational and analytical databases
data mining to identify trends, patterns, and relationships

36
Q

distributed databases

A

physically distributed in some manner on different pieces of local or remote hardware
certain data might be replicated

37
Q

end user databases

A

developed by end users at their workstations

email, downloads, word processing

38
Q

advantages of DBMS

A

reduction of data redundancy and inconsistency
potential for data sharing
data independence
data standardization
improved data security
expanded data fields
enhanced info timeliness, effectiveness, and availability

39
Q

disadvantages of DBMS

A 
cost
highly trained personnel
increased chances of breakdowns
possible obscuring of the audit trail
specialized backup and recovery procedures required
40
Q

referential integrity

A

prevents deleting of key values in related records

41
Q

programming languages

A

allow programmers to write programs in source code

then translated or compiled into the object code

42
Q

fourth generation languages

A

programming language

enable end users to develop applications with little or no technical assistance.

43
Q

object oriented programming

A

programming languages
combines data and specific procedures that operate on that data into an object
intended to produce reusable code
(java)

44
Q

debugging

A

process of finding errors in computer programs and correcting them

45
Q

application software

A

diverse group of systems and programs that an organization uses to accomplish its objectives
word processors, spreadsheets, or custom developed

46
Q

network

A

group of interconnected computers, terminals, communications channels, communications processors, and communications software (LANs)

47
Q

local area network

A

LAN
permit shared resources among computers within a limited area
normally privately owned

48
Q

components of LAN

A 
node
workstaitions
network interface card
transmission media
network operating system
communications devices/modems
communication/network protocols
gateways and routers
client/server configurations
network topologies
49
Q

node

A

component of LAN

any device connected to a network

50
Q

workstation

A

component of LAN

PC

51
Q

server

A

component of LAN
node dedicated to providing services or resources to the rest of the network
not directly accessible by individual users but only through the network software

52
Q

network interface card

A

component of LAN

circuit board installed on a node that allows the node to connect with and communicate over the network

53
Q

transmission media

A

component of LAN
physical path between nodes on a network
may be wired(fiber optics, etc)

54
Q

network operating system

A

component of LAN
manages communication over a network
may be a peer to peer system
Windows

55
Q

communications devices/modems

A

component of LAN

provides remote access and provides a network with the ability to communicate with others

56
Q

communications/network protocals

A

component of LAN
establish an interface between the sender and the receiver
transmit the information
route messages along the various paths the info might travel
check for transmission errors
convert messages from one speed or transmission format to another

57
Q

gateways and routers

A

component of LAN
gateway- combination of hardware and software that connect different types of networks by translating from one set of network protocols to antoher
router-used to route packets of data through several interconnected LANs
bridge- connect segments of a LAN which both use the same set of network protocols

58
Q

client/server configurations

A

workstations referred to as clients

send data to servers

59
Q

network topologies

A

defines physical configuration of the devices and the cables that connect them
bus
ring
star tree

60
Q

bus network

A

topology
uses a common backbone to connect all of the devices on the network
if any device is down the entire network is down
eg. ethernet

61
Q

ring network

A

topology formed in a ring with each device connected to two other devices
signals are transmitted in the form of messages that are transmitted to and are received by all of the devices sequentially, but only if the intended device actually accepts and processes the message

62
Q

star networks

A

topology formed in a star with each device connected to a central hub which controls the transmission.
If any device is own, only that device is down, if the hub is down, the entire network is down

63
Q

tree network

A

topology connects multiple stars into a bus

each hub is connected to the bus and handles the transmission for its star

64
Q

backbone

A

part of a network that carries the major portion of the network traffic

65
Q

bandwith

A

measure of a communication medium’s information carrying capacity.

66
Q

ethernet

A

large collection of frame-based networking technologies for LANs
incorporates a number of wiring and speed standards for the physical layer and common addressing and message format

67
Q

file transport protocol

A

FTP

network protocol used to exchange files

68
Q

IPv4

A

curreNt version of IP with 32 bit addresses

69
Q

simple mail transfer protocol

A

SMTP
protocol for transmitting text based email.
provides outbound, not inbound, mail transport

70
Q

simple network management protocol

A

SNMP
protocol for monitoring a network.
piece of software called an agent runs on each of the devices being monitored and reports information to the network management/monitoring system

71
Q

single log in

A

system that allows a user who utilizes several different systems the ability to log in to them all with one user ID and one password

72
Q

storage area network

A

SAN
network that contains remote storaage devices to servers in such a way that the devices appear to the operating system be local devices
used in large organizations

73
Q

voice over internet protocol

A

VoIP

routing of voice conversations over the internet

74
Q

wide area networks

A

WANs allow national and international communications .
usually employ nondedicated public communications channels (satellite) as communications media
point to point networks
value added networks
internet based networks

75
Q

value added networks

A

VANs are privately owned and managed communications networks that provide additional services beyond standard data transmission (EDI)

  • automatic error detection
  • protocol conversion
  • message storing and forwarding
  • good security
  • batch transactions
  • fixed fee plus fee per transaction(prohibitive)
76
Q

internet based networks

A

use internet protocols and public communications channels to establish network communications.

  • individual transactions are transmitted immediately
  • costs are substantially lower
  • increases number of potential trading partners
  • virtual private networks
77
Q

intranets

A

connect geographically separate LANs within a company

more secure than the internet because it has restricted user community and local control

78
Q

extranets

A

permit company suppliers, customers, and business partners to have direct access to the company’s network

79
Q

wireless networks security risks

A

another venue for attack (convenient and easy)

80
Q

wireless application protocol

A

WAP is a protocol that enables cellphones and other wireless devices to access web-based info and services

CPA- BEC (13 decks)

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