finam exam Flashcards
(25 cards)
these types of consonants are mastered earlier in children before glides, fricatives, affricates and liquids
nasal consonants and stops
Places of articulation mastered before velar and palatal
Labial and alveolar because they are easier to see (b and d before k and r)
phonological process: assimilation
Change a target phoneme to be more like a nearby phoneme.
1)final devoicing: “bug” as “buk”
2)pre-vocalic voicing: “cap” as “gap”
3)Labial: “kap” as “pap” change from non labial to labial (alvelar or velar “kitty” to “kikky”)
phonological process: syllable structure processes
1)cluster reduction: “brownie” as “bownie”
2)final consonant deletion: “soap” as “sou”
3)weak syllable deletion: “banana” as “nana”
“about” as “bout”
4)reduplication: “doggy” as “doddy”
phonological process: substitution
Use of sounds that have been mastered for ones that have not yet been masteres
1) vocalization (vowelization): “pear” as “pe” or “bird” as “bid”
2) stopping: “fair” as “pear”
3) gliding: “ring” as wing” ??
4) fronting: “seat” as /pit/ “throw” to “frow”
5) De affrication: from affricate to fricative “chase” to “shase”
idiosycratic processes
1) fricative replacing stop “toe” to “so
2) stop replacing glide “we” as “be”
3) backing “push” as “puck”
4) initial consonant deletion “cat” as “at”
5) glottal replacement “lip” as /ʔɪp/
customary production
child produces speech sound correctly at least 50% of the time
mastery production
child produces speech sounds at least 90% correct in all contexts
these phonological processes are resolves before age three
-week syllable deletion
-reduplication
-final consonant deletion
-fronting
-final devoicing
-prevocalic voicing
-labial assimilation
transcription that shows audible through the nose on a consonant such as for speakers with cleft palate
[mæt͋]
used to show hypernasal speech
[ṽmætṽ]
used to show pressed voice
[v ̟mætv ̟]
produced with diplophonia
[v̮ǃǃmætv̮ǃǃ]
used to show breathy voice
[v̤mætv̤]
used to show creaky voice
[{C mætC }]
used to show hyponasal voice
[V͊mætV͊]
narrow transcription
aka systematic allophonic transctiption- uses brackets instead of slashes to transcribe specific allophone. Slashes for broad transcription!
harsh voice
[V!mætV!]
difference v disorder
Speaking with a clients family may give idea of clients normal dialect
dialects differ in a variety of ways including
grammar; the car needs washed
vocabulary; Pop for soda
phonology; merry marry
standard (prestige) dialect development
-dialect of social/political power
-common with most dialects
-“correct english”
-used typically in writing
characteristics of easterm american english
-lack of “r”
-low mid or back vowel in “half”
deletion of unstressed syllable, deletion of final consonants and monophtongization of dipthongs
AAVE
backing and rounding of low vowels is a feature of
easterm american english (/stɔp/ for stop)
