finam exam Flashcards
these types of consonants are mastered earlier in children before glides, fricatives, affricates and liquids
nasal consonants and stops
Places of articulation mastered before velar and palatal
Labial and alveolar because they are easier to see (b and d before k and r)
phonological process: assimilation
Change a target phoneme to be more like a nearby phoneme.
1)final devoicing: “bug” as “buk”
2)pre-vocalic voicing: “cap” as “gap”
3)Labial: “kap” as “pap” change from non labial to labial (alvelar or velar “kitty” to “kikky”)
phonological process: syllable structure processes
1)cluster reduction: “brownie” as “bownie”
2)final consonant deletion: “soap” as “sou”
3)weak syllable deletion: “banana” as “nana”
“about” as “bout”
4)reduplication: “doggy” as “doddy”
phonological process: substitution
Use of sounds that have been mastered for ones that have not yet been masteres
1) vocalization (vowelization): “pear” as “pe” or “bird” as “bid”
2) stopping: “fair” as “pear”
3) gliding: “ring” as wing” ??
4) fronting: “seat” as /pit/ “throw” to “frow”
5) De affrication: from affricate to fricative “chase” to “shase”
idiosycratic processes
1) fricative replacing stop “toe” to “so
2) stop replacing glide “we” as “be”
3) backing “push” as “puck”
4) initial consonant deletion “cat” as “at”
5) glottal replacement “lip” as /ʔɪp/
customary production
child produces speech sound correctly at least 50% of the time
mastery production
child produces speech sounds at least 90% correct in all contexts
these phonological processes are resolves before age three
-week syllable deletion
-reduplication
-final consonant deletion
-fronting
-final devoicing
-prevocalic voicing
-labial assimilation
transcription that shows audible through the nose on a consonant such as for speakers with cleft palate
[mæt͋]
used to show hypernasal speech
[ṽmætṽ]
used to show pressed voice
[v ̟mætv ̟]
produced with diplophonia
[v̮ǃǃmætv̮ǃǃ]
used to show breathy voice
[v̤mætv̤]
used to show creaky voice
[{C mætC }]
