exam 1 content

Question 1

the fact that articulators must move from one position to another in all languages

Answer 1

coarticulation is universal

Question 2

The process by which one or more phonemes are deleted during speech production is known as ___________.

Answer 2

elision

Question 3

What is the term used for the overlapping of articulation of neighboring phonemes during speech production?

Answer 3

coarticulation

Question 4

omission/deletion of a phoneme(s) from a word

Answer 4

elision /t/ in exactly

Question 5

addition of a phoneme to a word due to speech disorder/dialect

Answer 5

epenthesis

Question 6

speaking multiple words together, as in conversation, or in a sentence

Answer 6

connected speech

Question 7

the fact that speech processes may apply to different contexts in different languages

Answer 7

coarticulation is language specific

Question 8

when the full form of a vowel is produced with less weight (ə,ɪ) due to more central production in casual speech

Answer 8

vowel reduction

Question 9

a phonemes identity changes as the result of phoneme preceding it

Answer 9

progressive (persevetaroy) assimilation; “happen” pronounced as “happ’m”

Question 10

a phonemes identity changes as the result of phoneme after it

Answer 10

regressive (anticipatory) assimilation; “was she” pronounces as “washee”

Question 11

meanings associated with rising pattern of pitch change

Answer 11

yes-no questions, the second to last item in a list, surprise

Question 12

a syllable that is not reduced (has a full vowel) but is not the strongest syllable in the word is referred to having

Answer 12

secondary stress

Question 13

a reduced syllable in which the vowel is reduced is referred to being

Answer 13

unstressed

Question 14

strongest syllable in word

Answer 14

primary stress

Question 15

modification of voice pitch to convey syntactic, semantic and pragmatic info

Answer 15

intonation

Question 16

increased prominence of syllable to convet info

Answer 16

stress

Question 17

features of speech production such as stress, intonation and timing that transcends phonemic level

Answer 17

suprasegmental

Question 18

words with salient info including nouns, verbs

Answer 18

content word

Question 19

less important word in a sentencw (prepositions, conjunctions, pronouns)

Answer 19

function word

Question 20

open internal juncture

Answer 20

pause between syllables “I scream”

Question 21

close internal juncture

Answer 21

no pause between syllables “icecrea”

Question 22

external juncture

Answer 22

pause that connects two intonational phrases “yes I would like to go __ but I cant”

Question 23

transposition of sounds in a word due to speech error, dialect, or disorder

Answer 23

metathesis; elephant pronounced “efelant” “aks”

Question 24

makes up a menaingful utterance

Answer 24

intonational phrase

Question 25

when phonemes take on the phonetic character of neighboring sounds

Answer 25

assimilation

Question 26

pronounciation of a word as a single isolated item

Answer 26

citation form

Question 27

hyperarticulation

Answer 27

extreme articulation of vowels

Question 28

when a stop preceding a nasal consonant is released by lowering the velum

Answer 28

nasal plosion; ridden; includes syllabic nasals (sudden)

Question 29

consonants with the tongue contacting the velum

Answer 29

velar consonants (k, ing, g,)

Question 30

consonants with tongue contacting alveolar ridge

Answer 30

alveolar consonants (n,z,l,)

Question 31

manner of articulation with relativelt little obstruction of air flow in the vocal tract and raised velum

Answer 31

liquis (r, and l)

Question 32

consonants that are produces with resonance occurring throughout the entire vocal tract

Answer 32

sonorants (nasals, liquids, and glides)

Question 33

class of sounds including the stops, fricatives and affricates; produces with constriction in the oral cavity

Answer 33

obstruent consonants

Question 34

phonemes that differ only in VOICING

Answer 34

cognates; k and g, f and v, s and z

Question 35

consonats before a vowel in a syllable

Answer 35

prevocalic c in cow

Question 36

consonants located after vowels

Answer 36

postvocalis; i in it

Question 37

intervocalic

Answer 37

consonats located between vowels; p in upper

Question 38

first division of a syllable

Answer 38

onset "scr in scrub"

Question 39

unit of speech consisting of one vowel or dipthong and possibly one or more consonants

Answer 39

syllable

Question 40

consists of the nucleus and the coda of a syllable

Answer 40

rhyme; "ub in scrub"

Question 41

consonant following the nucelus

Answer 41

coda; "b in scrub"

Question 42

syllable with a coda

Answer 42

closed syllable "cat"

Question 43

syllable without coda

Answer 43

open syllable "sea"

Question 44

printed alphabet letter used in representation for allograph

Answer 44

grapheme; plumb has 5

Question 45

different letter sequences/patters that have the same sound

Answer 45

allograph

Question 46

smallest unit of language that carries meaing

Answer 46

morpheme (book, -s)

Question 47

individual speech sound that differentiates morphemes

Answer 47

phoneme

Question 48

variant production of a phoneme

Answer 48

allophone (l in lip and bottle pronounced differenty)

Question 49

systematic organization of speech souncs in production of language

Answer 49

phonology

Question 50

the study of the production and perception of speech sounds

Answer 50

phonetics

Question 51

a distinct speech sound represented by ipa

Answer 51

phone

Question 52

branch of phonetics that study acoustic properties of speech sounds

Answer 52

acoustic

Question 53

study of A&P of specch production and perception

Answer 53

physiological

Question 54

study of listeners psychological response to speech sounds

Answer 54

perceptual

Question 55

study of speech production or perception that differs from norms for their language

Answer 55

clinical

Question 56

used to represent the sounds of the worlds languages, each symbol represents one sound

Answer 56

IPA

Question 57

sets of sounds that share one or more articulatory characteristics

Answer 57

natural classes (i and I are both front vowels)

Question 58

phonemes that if switched change the meaning of a word

Answer 58

contrastive phoneme

Question 59

structure that does most of the moving

Answer 59

active articulator (tongue, lower lip)

Question 60

structure that does not move where the active part moves toward

Answer 60

passive articulator (alveolar ridge, palates, upper lip)

Question 61

articulatory landmarks

Answer 61

oral cavity, nasal cavity, pharynx-back of throat

Question 62

places of articulation where the tongue blade is active

Answer 62

interdental (bottom and top), alveolar ridge, postalveolar (passive is hard pallete /sh ch/

Question 63

places of articulation where the lip is active

Answer 63

bilibal (passive is upper lip), labio dental (passive is upper teeth

Question 64

places of articultion where the tongue body is active

Answer 64

velar /k g ing w/, palatal (passive is hard palate (r)

Question 65

rapid tap of the tongue tip to alveolar ridge

Answer 65

alveolar tap (flap) "latter" mix of d and t-- /ɾ/

Question 66

articulated at the larynx with contriction between two vocal folds

Answer 66

glottal stop ʔ, allophone of t

Question 67

L sound comes AFTER the vowel or diphthong in a syllable, it will be a velar ____

Answer 67

dark l

Question 68

r colored dipthongs

Answer 68

rhotic; five types ɪr, ʊr (procure), ɔr, ɜr, ɑr (hard)

Question 69

when an alveolar vowel (such as L) occurs more in the velar region

Answer 69

velarized (dark l) found at the end of words (full, ball, eagle)

Question 70

vowels become nasalized when

Answer 70

they precede nasal consonant such as in "rim"