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phonetics > exam 1 content > Flashcards

exam 1 content Flashcards

1
Q

the fact that articulators must move from one position to another in all languages

A

coarticulation is universal

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2
Q

The process by which one or more phonemes are deleted during speech production is known as ___________.

A

elision

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3
Q

What is the term used for the overlapping of articulation of neighboring phonemes during speech production?

A

coarticulation

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4
Q

omission/deletion of a phoneme(s) from a word

A

elision /t/ in exactly

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5
Q

addition of a phoneme to a word due to speech disorder/dialect

A

epenthesis

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6
Q

speaking multiple words together, as in conversation, or in a sentence

A

connected speech

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7
Q

the fact that speech processes may apply to different contexts in different languages

A

coarticulation is language specific

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8
Q

when the full form of a vowel is produced with less weight (ə,ɪ) due to more central production in casual speech

A

vowel reduction

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9
Q

a phonemes identity changes as the result of phoneme preceding it

A

progressive (persevetaroy) assimilation; “happen” pronounced as “happ’m”

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10
Q

a phonemes identity changes as the result of phoneme after it

A

regressive (anticipatory) assimilation; “was she” pronounces as “washee”

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11
Q

meanings associated with rising pattern of pitch change

A

yes-no questions, the second to last item in a list, surprise

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12
Q

a syllable that is not reduced (has a full vowel) but is not the strongest syllable in the word is referred to having

A

secondary stress

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13
Q

a reduced syllable in which the vowel is reduced is referred to being

A

unstressed

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14
Q

strongest syllable in word

A

primary stress

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15
Q

modification of voice pitch to convey syntactic, semantic and pragmatic info

A

intonation

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16
Q

increased prominence of syllable to convet info

A

stress

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17
Q

features of speech production such as stress, intonation and timing that transcends phonemic level

A

suprasegmental

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18
Q

words with salient info including nouns, verbs

A

content word

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19
Q

less important word in a sentencw (prepositions, conjunctions, pronouns)

A

function word

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20
Q

open internal juncture

A

pause between syllables “I scream”

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21
Q

close internal juncture

A

no pause between syllables “icecrea”

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22
Q

external juncture

A

pause that connects two intonational phrases “yes I would like to go __ but I cant”

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23
Q

transposition of sounds in a word due to speech error, dialect, or disorder

A

metathesis; elephant pronounced “efelant” “aks”

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24
Q

makes up a menaingful utterance

A

intonational phrase

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25
Q

when phonemes take on the phonetic character of neighboring sounds

A

assimilation

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26
Q

pronounciation of a word as a single isolated item

A

citation form

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27
Q

hyperarticulation

A

extreme articulation of vowels

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28
Q

when a stop preceding a nasal consonant is released by lowering the velum

A

nasal plosion; ridden; includes syllabic nasals (sudden)

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29
Q

consonants with the tongue contacting the velum

A

velar consonants (k, ing, g,)

30
Q

consonants with tongue contacting alveolar ridge

A

alveolar consonants (n,z,l,)

31
Q

manner of articulation with relativelt little obstruction of air flow in the vocal tract and raised velum

A

liquis (r, and l)

32
Q

consonants that are produces with resonance occurring throughout the entire vocal tract

A

sonorants (nasals, liquids, and glides)

33
Q

class of sounds including the stops, fricatives and affricates; produces with constriction in the oral cavity

A

obstruent consonants

34
Q

phonemes that differ only in VOICING

A

cognates; k and g, f and v, s and z

35
Q

consonats before a vowel in a syllable

A

prevocalic c in cow

36
Q

consonants located after vowels

A

postvocalis; i in it

37
Q

intervocalic

A

consonats located between vowels; p in upper

38
Q

first division of a syllable

A

onset “scr in scrub”

39
Q

unit of speech consisting of one vowel or dipthong and possibly one or more consonants

A

syllable

40
Q

consists of the nucleus and the coda of a syllable

A

rhyme; “ub in scrub”

41
Q

consonant following the nucelus

A

coda; “b in scrub”

42
Q

syllable with a coda

A

closed syllable “cat”

43
Q

syllable without coda

A

open syllable “sea”

44
Q

printed alphabet letter used in representation for allograph

A

grapheme; plumb has 5

45
Q

different letter sequences/patters that have the same sound

A

allograph

46
Q

smallest unit of language that carries meaing

A

morpheme (book, -s)

47
Q

individual speech sound that differentiates morphemes

A

phoneme

48
Q

variant production of a phoneme

A

allophone (l in lip and bottle pronounced differenty)

49
Q

systematic organization of speech souncs in production of language

A

phonology

50
Q

the study of the production and perception of speech sounds

A

phonetics

51
Q

a distinct speech sound represented by ipa

A

phone

52
Q

branch of phonetics that study acoustic properties of speech sounds

A

acoustic

53
Q

study of A&P of specch production and perception

A

physiological

54
Q

study of listeners psychological response to speech sounds

A

perceptual

55
Q

study of speech production or perception that differs from norms for their language

A

clinical

56
Q

used to represent the sounds of the worlds languages, each symbol represents one sound

A

IPA

57
Q

sets of sounds that share one or more articulatory characteristics

A

natural classes (i and I are both front vowels)

58
Q

phonemes that if switched change the meaning of a word

A

contrastive phoneme

59
Q

structure that does most of the moving

A

active articulator (tongue, lower lip)

60
Q

structure that does not move where the active part moves toward

A

passive articulator (alveolar ridge, palates, upper lip)

61
Q

articulatory landmarks

A

oral cavity, nasal cavity, pharynx-back of throat

62
Q

places of articulation where the tongue blade is active

A

interdental (bottom and top), alveolar ridge, postalveolar (passive is hard pallete /sh ch/

63
Q

places of articulation where the lip is active

A

bilibal (passive is upper lip), labio dental (passive is upper teeth

64
Q

places of articultion where the tongue body is active

A

velar /k g ing w/, palatal (passive is hard palate (r)

65
Q

rapid tap of the tongue tip to alveolar ridge

A

alveolar tap (flap) “latter” mix of d and t– /ɾ/

66
Q

articulated at the larynx with contriction between two vocal folds

A

glottal stop ʔ, allophone of t

67
Q

L sound comes AFTER the vowel or diphthong in a syllable, it will be a velar ____

A

dark l

68
Q

r colored dipthongs

A

rhotic; five types ɪr, ʊr (procure), ɔr, ɜr, ɑr (hard)

69
Q

when an alveolar vowel (such as L) occurs more in the velar region

A

velarized (dark l) found at the end of words (full, ball, eagle)

70
Q

vowels become nasalized when

A

they precede nasal consonant such as in “rim”

phonetics (5 decks)

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