exam 1 content Flashcards
the fact that articulators must move from one position to another in all languages
coarticulation is universal
The process by which one or more phonemes are deleted during speech production is known as ___________.
elision
What is the term used for the overlapping of articulation of neighboring phonemes during speech production?
coarticulation
omission/deletion of a phoneme(s) from a word
elision /t/ in exactly
addition of a phoneme to a word due to speech disorder/dialect
epenthesis
speaking multiple words together, as in conversation, or in a sentence
connected speech
the fact that speech processes may apply to different contexts in different languages
coarticulation is language specific
when the full form of a vowel is produced with less weight (ə,ɪ) due to more central production in casual speech
vowel reduction
a phonemes identity changes as the result of phoneme preceding it
progressive (persevetaroy) assimilation; “happen” pronounced as “happ’m”
a phonemes identity changes as the result of phoneme after it
regressive (anticipatory) assimilation; “was she” pronounces as “washee”
meanings associated with rising pattern of pitch change
yes-no questions, the second to last item in a list, surprise
a syllable that is not reduced (has a full vowel) but is not the strongest syllable in the word is referred to having
secondary stress
a reduced syllable in which the vowel is reduced is referred to being
unstressed
strongest syllable in word
primary stress
modification of voice pitch to convey syntactic, semantic and pragmatic info
intonation
increased prominence of syllable to convet info
stress
features of speech production such as stress, intonation and timing that transcends phonemic level
suprasegmental
words with salient info including nouns, verbs
content word
less important word in a sentencw (prepositions, conjunctions, pronouns)
function word
open internal juncture
pause between syllables “I scream”
close internal juncture
no pause between syllables “icecrea”
external juncture
pause that connects two intonational phrases “yes I would like to go __ but I cant”
transposition of sounds in a word due to speech error, dialect, or disorder
metathesis; elephant pronounced “efelant” “aks”
makes up a menaingful utterance
intonational phrase
when phonemes take on the phonetic character of neighboring sounds
assimilation
pronounciation of a word as a single isolated item
citation form
hyperarticulation
extreme articulation of vowels
when a stop preceding a nasal consonant is released by lowering the velum
nasal plosion; ridden; includes syllabic nasals (sudden)
consonants with the tongue contacting the velum
velar consonants (k, ing, g,)
consonants with tongue contacting alveolar ridge
alveolar consonants (n,z,l,)
manner of articulation with relativelt little obstruction of air flow in the vocal tract and raised velum
liquis (r, and l)
consonants that are produces with resonance occurring throughout the entire vocal tract
sonorants (nasals, liquids, and glides)
class of sounds including the stops, fricatives and affricates; produces with constriction in the oral cavity
obstruent consonants
phonemes that differ only in VOICING
cognates; k and g, f and v, s and z
consonats before a vowel in a syllable
prevocalic c in cow
consonants located after vowels
postvocalis; i in it
intervocalic
consonats located between vowels; p in upper
first division of a syllable
onset “scr in scrub”
unit of speech consisting of one vowel or dipthong and possibly one or more consonants
syllable
consists of the nucleus and the coda of a syllable
rhyme; “ub in scrub”
consonant following the nucelus
coda; “b in scrub”
syllable with a coda
closed syllable “cat”
syllable without coda
open syllable “sea”
printed alphabet letter used in representation for allograph
grapheme; plumb has 5
different letter sequences/patters that have the same sound
allograph
smallest unit of language that carries meaing
morpheme (book, -s)
individual speech sound that differentiates morphemes
phoneme
variant production of a phoneme
allophone (l in lip and bottle pronounced differenty)
systematic organization of speech souncs in production of language
phonology
the study of the production and perception of speech sounds
phonetics
a distinct speech sound represented by ipa
phone
branch of phonetics that study acoustic properties of speech sounds
acoustic
study of A&P of specch production and perception
physiological
study of listeners psychological response to speech sounds
perceptual
study of speech production or perception that differs from norms for their language
clinical
used to represent the sounds of the worlds languages, each symbol represents one sound
IPA
sets of sounds that share one or more articulatory characteristics
natural classes (i and I are both front vowels)
phonemes that if switched change the meaning of a word
contrastive phoneme
structure that does most of the moving
active articulator (tongue, lower lip)
structure that does not move where the active part moves toward
passive articulator (alveolar ridge, palates, upper lip)
articulatory landmarks
oral cavity, nasal cavity, pharynx-back of throat
places of articulation where the tongue blade is active
interdental (bottom and top), alveolar ridge, postalveolar (passive is hard pallete /sh ch/
places of articulation where the lip is active
bilibal (passive is upper lip), labio dental (passive is upper teeth
places of articultion where the tongue body is active
velar /k g ing w/, palatal (passive is hard palate (r)
rapid tap of the tongue tip to alveolar ridge
alveolar tap (flap) “latter” mix of d and t– /ɾ/
articulated at the larynx with contriction between two vocal folds
glottal stop ʔ, allophone of t
L sound comes AFTER the vowel or diphthong in a syllable, it will be a velar ____
dark l
r colored dipthongs
rhotic; five types ɪr, ʊr (procure), ɔr, ɜr, ɑr (hard)
when an alveolar vowel (such as L) occurs more in the velar region
velarized (dark l) found at the end of words (full, ball, eagle)
vowels become nasalized when
they precede nasal consonant such as in “rim”
