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BU > FINALSSS > Flashcards

FINALSSS Flashcards

1
Q

Meaning of HVAC

A

Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning

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2
Q

Backbone of modern building and environmental control.

A

HVAC

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3
Q

HVAC systems regulate what?

A
  1. Temperature
  2. Humidity
  3. Air quality
  4. Air movement within buildings
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4
Q

This marked a significant turning point in HVAC technology.

A

The Industrial Revolution

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5
Q

HVAC systems have evolved from simple heating methods in ______ to complex, integrated systems in modern buildings.

A

Ancient Rome

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6
Q

What is the purpose of HVAC systems?

A

Aim to provide thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air quality.

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7
Q

Modern HVAC systems integrate these into a single, efficient package.

A

Heating, cooling, and ventilation

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8
Q

What trends and advancements do HVAC systems incorporate?

A

Smart technologies, energy-efficient designs, and sustainable practices

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9
Q

Factors influencing HVAC design

A
  1. Building Characteristics
  2. Climate and Location
  3. Occupancy and Usage
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10
Q

A factor that influence HVAC design which deals with the size, layout, and purpose of a building.

A

Building Characteristics

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11
Q

A factor that influence HVAC design which deals with the local weather patterns, humidity levels, and seasonal temperature variations.

A

Climate and Location

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12
Q

A factor that influence HVAC design which deals with the number of occupants, their activities, and schedules.

A

Occupancy and Usage

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13
Q

Air Conditioning and Heating Principles

A
  1. Heat Transfer
  2. Refrigeration Cycle
  3. Heating Methods
  4. Energy Efficiency
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14
Q

HVAC systems rely on the principles of conduction, convection, and radiation to move heat energy.

A

Heat Transfer

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15
Q

Heat Transfer Principles

A
  1. Conduction
  2. Convection
  3. Radiation
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16
Q

Heat transfer through direct contact between particles of matter.

A

Conduction

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17
Q

Heat transfer by the movement of fluids or gases. This is the primary method of heat distribution in HVAC systems.

A

Convection

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18
Q

Heat transfer through electromagnetic waves.

A

Radiation

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19
Q

Air conditioning utilizes the vapor compression cycle.

A

Refrigeration Cycle

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20
Q

Cooling Systems: Refrigeration Cycle

A
  1. Compression
  2. Condensation
  3. Expansion
  4. Evaporation
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21
Q

The compressor increases the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant vapor. This high-pressure, high-temperature gas then flows to the condenser.

A

Compression

22
Q

The hot refrigerant vapor releases heat to the surroundings and condenses into a high-pressure liquid. This process typically occurs outside the cooled space.

A

Condensation

23
Q

The high-pressure liquid refrigerant passes through an expansion valve, which reduces its pressure and temperature, turning it into a low-pressure, lpw-temperature mixture of liquid and vapor.

A

Expansion

24
Q

The cold refrigerant absorbs heat from the indoor air, cooling the space. The refrigerant fullt vaporizes and returns to the compressor to repeat the cycle.

A

Evaporation

25
Q

Various heating technologies, such as combustion, electric resistance, and heat pumps, are employed to generate warmth.

A

Heating Methods

26
Q

Modern HVAC systems focus on maximizing energy efficiency through improved thermodynamic cycles, heat recovery systems, and smart control algorithms.

A

Energy Efficiency

27
Q

Components of HVAC Systems

A
  1. Fans and Blowers
  2. Chillers and Boilers
  3. Pumps and Exhaust Fans
  4. Controls and Sensors
28
Q

AHU

A

Air Handling Unit

29
Q

These are centralized units that condition and circulate air. They typically include fans, heating and cooling coils, filters, and dampers.

A

Air Handling Unit (AHU)

30
Q

The heart of many commercial HVAC systems, managing airflow and temperature control.

A

Air Handling Unit (AHU)

31
Q

FCU

A

Fan Coil Unit

32
Q

It is a powerful unit helpful in circulating cool or warm air across single spaces. Often installed within or near the space it serves.

A

Fan Coil Unit (FCU)

33
Q

It remove heat from water for cooling

A

Chillers

34
Q

It heat water for heating.

A

Boilers

35
Q

Responsible for moving air and water through the system.

A

Pumps and Exhaust Fans

36
Q

The brain of HVAC systems, including thermostats, humidity sensors, and building automation systems.

A

Controls and Sensors

37
Q

Air Distribution and Ductwork

A
  1. Duct Design
  2. Air Balancing
  3. Diffusers and Grilles
  4. Maintenance
38
Q

Proper _____ ensures efficient air distribution. Factors include sizing, material selection, and layout optimization to minimize pressure drops and energy loss.

A

Duct Design

39
Q

The process of adjusting airflow to ensure proper distribution throughout the building. This invloves measuring and adjusting dampers and diffusers to achieve desired airflow rates.

A

Air Balancing

40
Q

These components distribute conditioned air into spaces and collect return air. Proper selection and placement are crucial for occupant comfort and system efficiency.

A

Diffusers and Grilles

41
Q

Regular cleaning and inspection of ductwork prevent buildup of contaminants amd ensure optimal system performance.

A

Maintenance

42
Q

Louvered perforated covering for a duct opening, which can be located on a wall, ceiling or floor.

A

Grille

43
Q

Combination of a grille and a damper.

A

Register

44
Q

Controls air flow of supply air to the conditioned space.

A

Damper

45
Q

Circular, square, rectangular, or linear supply outlet, typically located in the ceiling and discharges supply air in various directions and planes

A

Diffuser

46
Q

Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality

A

Mechanical Ventliation
Air Filtration
Humidity Control
CO2 Monitoring

47
Q

Uses fans to circulate fresh air into buildings, removing stale air and pollutants.

A

Mechanical Ventilation

48
Q

Removes particles and constraints from the air. HEPA filters and electronic air cleaners can significantly improve indoor air quality by capturing allergens, dust, and microorganisms

A

Air Filtration

49
Q

Maintains optimal humidity levels to prevent mold growth and enhance comfort.

A

Humidity Control

50
Q

Measures carbon dioxide levels as an indicator of air quality and occupancy.

A

CO2 Monitoring

51
Q

HVAC System Design Considerations

A

Load Calculations
Energy Efficiency
Sustainability

52
Q

HVAC Energy Efficiency Tips

A
  1. Add programmable thermostat
  2. Invest in thermal insulation
  3. Ensure smooth airflow
  4. Switch to VRF (Variable Refrigerant Flow) HVAC
  5. Turn off electronic appliances
  6. Ensure regular maintenance

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