FINALS: Upper Extremity Prosthetics Flashcards
Q: What are the main types of upper extremity prostheses?
A: Passive, Body-powered (cable-controlled), Externally powered (electrically controlled), Hybrid
Q: What is the primary disadvantage of cosmetic prostheses?
A: Least functional, low durability, and not suitable for fine motor tasks.
Q: Which prosthesis type provides the highest sensory feedback?
A: Body-powered prosthesis
Q: What is a voluntary opening terminal device?
A: The device stays closed and opens when the user pulls on a harness cable.
Q: What is a voluntary closing terminal device?
A: The device closes when the user pulls on a harness cable; requires sustained effort to hold.
Q: Which grip types fall under precision grip?
A: Three-jaw chuck, lateral/key grip
Q: What is the purpose of a Muenster socket?
A: Used for short transradial residual limbs; self-suspending with minimal harnessing
Q: What is the major drawback of a voluntary closing prosthetic hand?
A: Requires continuous force to maintain grip
Q: What is the main control mechanism in a myoelectric prosthesis?
A: Muscle-generated electrical signals
Q: Name three types of prosthetic wrists.
A: Friction-controlled, quick-disconnect, spring-assisted
Q: What is the role of a prosthetic socket?
A: Provides comfort, energy transfer, suspension, and cosmetic form
Q: What type of suspension system is used in suction sockets?
A: Negative pressure and skin adhesion via a silicone sleeve
Q: What is the difference between digital and proportional control in externally powered prostheses?
A: Digital: on/off; Proportional: strength of signal = speed/force of action
Q: What is a hybrid prosthesis?
A: Combines cable control for one joint and electric control for another (e.g., cable elbow + electric hand)
Q: What is osseointegration in prosthetics?
A: Direct skeletal attachment of the prosthesis via implanted metal rod
Q: What is the major issue with silicone suspension sleeves?
A: Excessive sweating, skin irritation, and potential dermatitis
Q: What is the most common skin issue with prosthetic use?
A: Hyperhidrosis
Q: What is a neuroma?
A: Painful scar tissue at the nerve end of an amputation site
Q: At what age should myoelectric prosthetic training start for children?
A: 3 to 9 months; terminal device control by 18–24 months
Q: What type of prosthetic elbow is ideal for independent use in bilateral amputees?
A: Externally powered elbow with spring assist for midline access
Q: What movements are used to control a body-powered prosthesis?
A: Scapular abduction, chest expansion, shoulder depression, humeral flexion
Q: What is the lifting capacity of a transhumeral amputee?
A: 10 to 15 lbs
Q: What is the lifting capacity of a transradial amputee?
A: 20 to 30 lbs
Q: What is the purpose of activity-specific terminal devices?
A: Designed for sports, hobbies, or specific work-related tasks (e.g., golf, fishing)
