FINALS- UNIT 1 Flashcards
Formula?
Acceleration
change in velocity over time
a = v/t
unit: m/s2
Formula?
Velocity
v = d/t
Newton’s First Law
Law of ____________
Law of Inertia
Every object in a state of uniform motion tends to remain in that state of motion unless outside influence
Newton’s 2nd Law
Law of ___________
Law of Motion
When you place a force on an object, it will accelerate in the direction of force
Formula?
Force
F = M * a
A 1 kg mass is sitting on a table. If a 3 Newton force is applied continuously, what will its velocity be after 8 seconds?
Step 1: Find Acceleration
3 = 1 * a
a = 3 m/s2
Step 2: Find Velocity
v = 3 * 8
v = 24 m/s2
What is a Net Force?
Several forces act on an object simultaneously
What is an equalibrium?
When net force is zero
EX:
Object at rest, will stay at rest
Object is moving, it will keep moving at same velocity
Pressure
Force divided by the area
p = F/A
Equivalent to F = pA
(pressure * area)
List all Scalars
- Mass
- Length
- Time
- Area
List all Vectors
- Displacement
- Velocity
- Acceleration
- Force
Power and Intensity are both related to _________
All 3 may be used to describe amplitude of sound
Pressure
Power = pressure2
P = p2 or p = square root of P
Intensity
Intensity = pressure2/area
Inverse Square Law
- Intensity decreases with increasing distance from sound source
- intensity of a sound decreases with increasing distance from a sound source. Rate of decrease is 1/d2
- Doubling the distance (d=2) reults in 1/4 the sound intensity
- Trippling the distance (d=3) results in 1/9 the sound intensity
Elasticity (Stiffness)
The property that makes a deformed object return to its original state
The more readily it returns to its original shape, the mor elastic or stiff it is
Restoring Force
The force that opposes the deformation of an elastic material
depends upon-
- Elasticity
- Amount of deformation: restoring force as the material is deformed more and more
Friction
The force that opposes motion when one object rubs against another object
depends upon
- Roughness
- Velocity
How are the simplest forms of sound vibrations produced?
Simple Harmonic Motion
Simple Harmonic Motion requires both
__________ & _____________
Elasticity & Inertia
Damping
Dying out of oscillation over time
Oscillation
also known as Vibration
Back and forth motion of an object
Compression
- Air molecules are pushed together
- Higher pressure
- Positive peak on sine wave
Rarefraction
- Air molecules are spread apart
- Decreased/lower pressure
- Negative peak on sine wave
What type of sound is produced by simple harmonic motion
Pure Tone
Longitudinal Waves
Air molecules vibrate in same direction that wave is proagating
Transverse Waves
Waves move up and down at right angles
- molecules move vertically (up & down)
- Wave moves horizontally
Sinusoidal Function
Movement around a circle can be translated into displacement over time
Sine Wave
Represent pure tones
Also another term for Simple Harmonic Motion is Sinusoidal Motion
Parameters of a Wave
- Period
- Cycle
- Frequency
- Wavelength
Period
Time it takes to complete one cycle. Two identical points on a sine wave (two positive peaks)
T = 1/f
Frequency
Number of cycles completed every second
f = 1/t
Wavelength λ
Distance between two identical points on a sine wave
λ = c/f
or
λ = T*c
Wavelength vs Period
Wavelength is distance
Period is time
As frequency ____________, the period and wavelength of a sine __________
Increases, decreases
