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College U.S. History > Finals Study Guide > Flashcards

Finals Study Guide Flashcards

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1
Q

Marbury v. Madison

A

Strengthened the powers of the federal judiciary, establishing the doctrine of Judicial review. (Bryson S.)

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2
Q

Trail of Tears

A

A period of forced migration of native Americans in which 4,000-12,000 died. (Bryson S.)

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3
Q

Seneca Falls Convention

A

A women’s rights convention held in Seneca Falls, New York.

Bryson S.

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4
Q

Horace Mann

A

A leader of educational reform (the Common School movement). (Bryson S.)

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5
Q

Dorothea Dix

A

Sought to improve the treatment of the mentally ill, recommending that they be separated from criminals. (Bryson S.)

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6
Q

Civil Disobedience

A

Peaceful opposition by citizens against the government. (Bryson S.)

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7
Q

Manifest Destiny

A

A term coined by editor and columnist John O’Sullivan to describe his belief in America’s divine right to expand westward. (Bryson S.)

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8
Q

Underground Railroad

A

A network of people helping slaves to escape the South. (Bryson S.)

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9
Q

Harriet Tubman

A

Famous conductor of the Underground Railroad (Adam M.)

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10
Q

Border States

A

Did not secede from union. Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware slave states along border between union and confederacy. (Adam M.)

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11
Q

Trent Affair

A

Diplomatic incipient in November 1861 when a us navy vessel stopped the British ship Trent and removed two confederates heading for Europe to press for British and French intervention. (Adam M.)

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12
Q

Appomattox

A

Last battle of civil war. Lee surrendered April 9, 1865 (Adam M.)

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13
Q

Inflation

A

Rise of the cost of money. Inflation during the war in the north was 80x. South inflation was 9000x. South just printed money. (Adam M.)

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14
Q

Habeus Corpus

A

Right of a person to petition a judge for release from unlawful impressment. Lincoln declared martial law and suspended Habeus corpus when a band of Soliders attacked DC. (Adam M)

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15
Q

American Party (Nickname)

A

Know Nothing’s(Adam M.)

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16
Q

Uncle Toms cabin

A

Harriet Beecher Stowe. Best selling antislavery novel convening many northerners that slavery was wrong. (Adam M.)

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17
Q

Special Field Order No. 15

A

Direct command from General Sherman. Set aside more than 400000 acres of seized confederate land for distribution to former slave. (Adam M)

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18
Q

Number Dead

A

618000 dead. More than any other war in United States history. (417000 WW2) (Adam M.)

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19
Q

Colombian Exchange

A

Biological encounter (reconnecting) with two sides of the Atlantic. Food, Animals, Plants, and Diseases. (Kalyn B.)

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20
Q

Tobacco (Jamestown Connection)

A

Jamestown economic salvation. Profits created boom. (Kalyn B.)

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21
Q

Tobacco (Negative Impact)

A

Didn’t grow any other food or repaired buildings. People died at an alarming rate. All they cared about was growing tobacco. (Kalyn B.)

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22
Q

English Exploration (low priority)

A

Funded by private stock companies. Leadership crises. Ireland crises. Fine with there money on world market. (Kalyn B.)

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23
Q

Middle Passage

A

Harrowing voyage from Atlantic Ocean from Africa to America. Thousands of slaves died. Awful conditions. (Kalyn B.)

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24
Q

Declaration of Independence

A

July 4, 1776, public defense of Americas descion to declare independence from Britain. Thomas Jefferson wrote it. Others John Adams, Livingston, Roger Sherman and Benjamin Franklin. (Kalyn B.)

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25
Q

Virtual Representation

A

Theory of representation in which legislators do not serve their colonies but the whole nation. (Kalyn B.)

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26
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

Created a league of friendship between states. All states were equal. Very little power in a centralized government. Failed ultimately. (Kalyn B.)

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27
Q

South (advantages)

A

Geographical advantages, fighting a war for independence, upper hand in military leadership
(Olivia S.)

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28
Q

Southern Cotton Export Ban (why)

A

To prompt England and France to intervene to secure the South’s independence.
(Olivia S.)

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29
Q

Underground Railroad

A

Network of safe houses along routes leading to the North and Canada that helped thousands of slaves escape the South and gain their freedom.
(Olivia S.)

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30
Q

Crittenden Compromise

A

Unsuccessful proposal by Kentucky senator John J. Crittenden to solve the secession crisis with constitutional amendments to protect slavery.
(Olivia S.)

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31
Q

Uncle Tom’s Cabin (influence on North)

A

Increased Northern hostility towards slavery.

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32
Q

Election of 1860 (Southern response)

A

Increased pressure for secession.

Olivia S.

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33
Q

Compromise of 1850 (state where residents would decide slavery issue)

A

New Mexico

Olivia S.

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34
Q

Compromise of 1850 (what did vote on five bills reveal)

A

Weakening of party loyalties and a growing tendency toward voting along sectional lines.
(Olivia S.)

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35
Q

South (major problem during war)

A

Production of goods and agricultural produce decreased 30% leading to shortages of everything in the South.
(Olivia S.)

36
Q

Who was the main leader of immediatism?

A

William Lloyd Garrison

Sami S.

37
Q

What allowed people in each territory to decide themselves on the role of slavery in their state by voting?

A

Popular Sovereignty

Sami S.

38
Q

Peaceful opposition by citizens to unjust government action; defended by transcendentalist philosopher, Henry David Thoreau.

A

Civil Disobedience

Sami S.

39
Q

_____________ wanted to preserve slavery.

A

Southerners

Sami S.

40
Q

________ was king in the South, but few Southerners were willing to turn to industrialization.

A

Cotton

Sami S.

41
Q

Plan proposed by Roger Sherman and Oliver Ellsworth of Connecticut that called for equal representation of each state in the upper house and a lower house based on population

A

Great Compromise

Erin

42
Q

Who was Jonathan Edwards?

A

He was a preacher who wrote “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”

43
Q

What was “Common Sense”?

A

A pamphlet that argued forcefully for American independence, written by Thomas Paine

44
Q

13th amendment

A

Abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime
(ariel l)

45
Q

Farewell Address

A

Washington’s used his Farewell Address to reiterate his political ideals attacking factionalism, partisanship and regional tensions in American Politics.
-Erin

46
Q

What was the term that the press coined to describe the absence of bitter partisan conflict during the presidency of James Monroe?

A

Era of Good Feeling

-Erin

47
Q

He hated he Bank of the United States so he killed in by taking all of the money out of it and putting it into states banks.

A

Andrew Jackson

-Erin

48
Q

Who asserted the power of the Supreme Court to decide the constitutionality of acts of congress and was a strong central government supporter? His judicial philosophy was that the federal government has the power.

A

John Marshall

-Erin

49
Q

What was the Missouri Compromise?

A

It was a congressional compromise in which Missouri entered the Union as a slave state and Maine as a free state to keep the balance of free and slave states in Congress. It also created an imaginary line at 36 30 and slaver was prohibited north of this line.
-Erin

50
Q

What were the advantages of the North?

A

-large population (soldiers, farmers, and industrial workers)
-vast industrial system
(Sami S.)

51
Q

John brown

A

Abolitionist. Raid on Harpers Ferry in 1859,

Seized United States armed arsenal in hopes to start a revolt.(ariel)u

52
Q

Conscription act

A

Act that called for all males between the age of 20-45 to register for war draft.(ariel l) rich could pay $300 to avoid the draft (Adam M)

53
Q

Lincoln - Douglas debates

A

Series of debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephan Douglas focused on slavery, morals and values.(ariel l)

54
Q

What percent of African Americans enlisted?

A

10% (ariel l)

55
Q

Emancipation proclamation

A

Issued that slavery was abolished in all secede states. (Ariel l)

56
Q

Income tax

A

Tax Levied by government directly on income. First used in the civil war to pay off war debt in the North.
Courtney R

57
Q

Women during the civil war ( how it effected the north and south)

A

Women in the north: all the men were at war women took on new roles such as running farms,shops, working in factories, working in offices and nursing in field hospitals.
Women in the south: experienced similar changes running farms and plantations, managing stores, working in government and serving as nurses.
Courtney R

58
Q

Trent Affair

A

Diplomatic incident when a U.S Navy vessel stopped the British ship Trent and removed two confederates heading to Europe to press for British and French intervention.
Courtney R

59
Q

Habeas Corpus

A

The right of a person to petition a judge for release from unlawful imprisonment.
Courtney R.

60
Q

Civil War prediction

A

Both sides thought the war would be quick and bloodless.

Courtney R

61
Q

Sherman and Atlanta

A

William Tecumseh Sherman transversed 285 miles of Georgia. He seized Atlanta from General Grant.
Caused tons of destruction to the souths crop fields and economy.
Courtney R

62
Q

Ulysses S. Grant

A

Most acclaimed Union general and hero.

Courtney R

63
Q

What was the treaty of Paris?

A

The Treaty that officially ended the war be tween the newly created United States and Britain.

64
Q

What is Civic Virtue

A

It is the idea that you should put the good of the many before your needs.

65
Q

Who were the Federalists?

A

They were the people who wanted the constitution to be passed

66
Q

What was the three-fifths compromise?

A

It was a compromise that said that only three-fifths of the slave population could be considered part of the state population

67
Q

What was the Missouri compromise?

A

It was a compromise that add Missouri as a slave state.

68
Q

Slavery (% of southerners with slaves)

A

33%
Poor Southern supported slavery because they accepted the essential tenets of white supremacy

(Melanie H.)

69
Q

Kansas-Nebraska Act (What it did)
Free soilers and abolitionists (why outraged)
Bloody consequences of act

A

Solution to the issues arising over the western territories, the south want to spread slavery, Riots started to happened

(Melanie H.)

70
Q

Gold Rush (settlement characterized)

A

Towns lacking government like judges and sheiffs

Melanie H.

71
Q

Dread Scott

A

Supreme Court case that stated that congress lacked the right to to regulate slavery in territories (ariel l)

72
Q

Jefferson Davis

A

President of the Confederate States of America (ariel l)

73
Q

Califorina Statehood (greatest concern)

A

Slavery

Melanie H.

74
Q

American Party (nickname)

A

Know-Nothing’s

Melanie H.

75
Q

Draft Riots (violence toward what group)

A

African Americans

Melanie H.

76
Q

Dorothea Dix (nursing)

A

Head of u.s. Sanitary Commission led thousands of women volunteer from male doctors and others who disapproved of women working in such indelicate situation
(Melanie H.)

77
Q

Copperheads

A

Peace Democrats, argued for cease fire followed by negotiated peace settlement even if it resulted in an independent confederacy
(Melanie H.)

78
Q

What was the Monroe Doctrine?

A

It was a reiteration of the policy outlined in Washington’s Farewell address that America should stay out of world affairs. It also stated that European countries should not attempt to recolonize the western world.

79
Q

A. Tocqueville (democracy observation)

A

He was a French nobleman and was struck by the equality of conditions in America. He was the author of “Democracy in America” which was an analysis of the influence of democracy on American life.
-Erin

80
Q

What was the religious movement that took place in the 1st half of the 19th century? It caused many economic, political, and social changes.

A

Second Great Awakening

-Erin

81
Q

What is the Cotton Embargo?

A

A ban imposed by Confederates in 1861 on the export of cotton, to prompt cotton-importing-nations like England and France to intervene and secure Confederate independence. (Tay)

82
Q

Who was John Wilkes Booth?

A

The man that assassinated Abraham Lincoln. (Tay)

83
Q

What is the Thirteenth Amendment?

A

The amendment passed that abolished slavery EVERYWHERE. (Tay)

84
Q

What is the Conscription Act?

A

Declared all male citizens aged 20-45 eligible for the draft (Tay)

85
Q

What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

A

In 1854, it repealed the ban on slavery north of the36° 30’ (Missouri Compromise) and created two separate territories, Kansas west of Missouri and Nebraska west of Iowa. (Tay)

86
Q

Interchangeable Parts(industrial benefit):

A

Allowed for faster manufacturing and destroyed artisans.

Sami S.

87
Q

Northern Manufacturers(attitude toward immigrants)

A

used them for cheap labor

Sami S.

College U.S. History (5 decks)

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