Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ICSM Year 6 + edits > Finals - SBAs > Flashcards

Finals - SBAs Flashcards

1
Q

Loop diuretic better oral availability than furosemide

A

Bumetanide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

400 - 2000 BNP

A

refferal for echo specilaist review <6 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Most common complication post MI

A

Ventricular fibrillation - arrhythmia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Dresslers syndrome on ECG

A

ST elevation with PR depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Brugada syndrome

A

ST elevation + TWI in V1-V3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Left ventricular aneurysm

A

Hypoxic, pulmonary oedema, persistent ST elevation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cold peripheries and poor urine output

A

Cardiogenic shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bradycardia and AV nodal block

A

Inferior MI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Essential test for nstemi

A

Grace score

> 3 % statin and PCI within 72 hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Renal artery duplex scan is indicated when

A

dramatic rise in creatinine on starting ACEi is seen in renal artery stenosis - diagnosed via renal artery duppler US

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Causes of secondary HTN

A

RAS
Primary kidney disease
Sleep apnoea

Endo - conns, cushing, pheo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A-V nipping on fundoscopy

A

Hypertensive retinopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Malignant HTN Mx

A

IV GTN, IV nitroprusside, IV BB - get to 160/120

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

BP targets

A

> 80 - 150/90 or diabetes

diabetes less than 80 - 135/85 home, 140/90 clinic

ckd / t1dm and ACR > 70 - 130/80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pneumothorax new guideline

A

Sympto - no - conservative - primary discharge and review, secondary - inpatient

high risk and sympt ct thorax if not safe and safe = chest drain

not high risk and not safe - conservative care

patient priority - avoid prodcuer - conservative

rapid symptom relief - ambulatory device, needle aspirate if not successful proceed to chest drain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

§

high risk features of pneumothorax

A

haemo compromise

significant hypoxia

bilateral pneumothorax

underlying lung disease or smoking with Hx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

P HTn Ix and MX

A

Echo + PA wedge pressure >20

CCB, Endothelin antagonists e.g. bosentan
Heart-lung transplant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Signs of cor pulmonale

A

peripheral oedema, raised venous pressure, loud pulmonary second heart sound and systolic parasternal heave (tricuspid regurg)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

LTOT

A

need multiple ABGs regularly
hypoxia reducs RR and ventilation perfusion mismatch raising co2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

SCLC - lambert improve muscles
breast cancer with muscle stiffness
sclc cerebellar symptoms and sensroy neuropathy

A

anti-voltage
anti-amphiphysin
anti-hu

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Unprovoked pe

A

ct tap - consistent with malignancy

no - bloods - gbc, clotting etc - concern then do thrombophilia screen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

skin necrosis after warfarin

A

protein c deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Extra intestinal symptoms of coeliac

A

dermatitis herpetiformis
osteomalacia
iron, b12, folate
hyposplenism
t cell gi lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

scleroderma with diarrhoea

A

small bowel bacterial overgrowth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

bile acid malabsorption

A

sehcat test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

barley wheat and rye

A

coeliac patients should avoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

if Uc patient does not improve with iv hydro on severe admission

A

iv ciclosporin and input - biologic such as infliximab

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

suspected ibd

A

faecal calprotectin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

before using infliximab what needs to be done

A

interferon gamma test and cxr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

signs of decompensated liver disease

A

worsening jaundice
ascites
encephalopathy
coagulopathy
hypoglycaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

dld discrimination scores

A

discrimination function - prothrombin and bilirubin - alcohol hepatitis only

child pugh - cirrhosis

meld - end stage liver and transplant planning

lille score assess response to steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

DLD breakdown

A

discriminatory function >32

no infection

no ugi bleeding

give steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

hep b treatment

A

interferon alpha
tenofovir if assessed at 24 weeks and still 20,000 units high

if negative consider stopping at 12 months

34
Q

LFt

A

AST/ALT 2:1 - alcohol if not other causes of hepatitis e.g. nafld, viral, ischaemic, drugs e.g. tb, methotrexate, paracetamol

bilirubin alp raised - gallstone pathology with RUQ Pain if not - pancreatic, cholangio, pbc, psc, drugs: penicillins, sulfonyureas, cocp

35
Q

hep b and HIV

A

tenofovir

36
Q

needle stick with hep b

A

accelerated hep b vaccination

37
Q

Gallstones

A

fat, forty, foetues, female and fair
cholesterol and calcium bilirubinate

38
Q

RUQ pain gallstones

A

USS - no stones -> deranged liver -> MRCP
- stones -> CBD stones -> ERCP
- deranged -> MRCP if not choleystecotmy

39
Q

Colorectal cancer

A

colonoscopy than stagin ct thorax etc or MRI if rectal

1 stool sample FIT test if abnormal get colonoscopy

t3 rectal - neoadjuvant than colonic resection than adjuvant chemo

40
Q

Resections

A

right hemi - ileostomy

left hemi - colostomy , involves splenic flexure as well

sigmoid colectomy - hartmanns, stoma, colostomy

anterior - rectacl tumour, rectum spar sphincters, colostomy

abdomino perineal resection - rectal tumour less thaan 5cm from anal verge, includes sphincters, stoma and colostomy

41
Q

Colonic polyps and APC

A

FAP

42
Q

Colon cancers do not need neoadujvant therapy because

A

need more operating space

43
Q

SBO workup

A

suspected - unstable - emergency laparotomy
- ct abdo pelvis with contrast (low egfr <30 without)
- ischaemia shown or closed loop - emergency
- adehsional if not - conservative - ng, nbm, iv fluids drip and suck

44
Q

indications of ischaemia

A

peritonism
high lactate
irreducible & discoloured hernia

45
Q

Mechanisms of SBo

A

extrinsic - external compressions - hernia, adhesions, volvulus

intrinsic - disease of small bowel, internal blockages e.g. strictures and tumours

intrinsic process - normal bowel wall but forgein body e.g intussectopin

46
Q

unexplained acute large bowel obstruction

A

ogivies syndrome

47
Q

ischaemic bwoel what category

A

1 within 1 hr surgery

48
Q

saccular vs fusiform

A

one sided vs dilatation around whole vessel

treat endovascular anerusym repair and open repair

49
Q

IVC collapse or Halo sign on Ct

A

hypovolaemic shock

50
Q

aneurysmal sac enlargement post evar

A

endoleak

51
Q

chest pain and connective tissue disorder

A

aortic dissection

52
Q

IDA guidance

A

40-49 wiht unexplained weight loss, pain and bleeding - 2ww

50-59 - rectal bleeding - 2ww colonoscopy
- no bleeding - faecal occult blood test - if positive - 2ww

60 - 2 ww

53
Q

upper gi concerning features

A

ALARMS

anaemia
loss of weight
anorexia
recent onset
melaena
swollowing

54
Q

microcytic disproportionally low mcv

A

thalassaemia

55
Q

normocytic reduced renal function

A

ckd related anaemia

56
Q

asthma eosinophilia panca

A

churg strauss

57
Q

obesity t2rf osa

A

obesity hypoventilatory syndrome

58
Q

asthma diagnosis

A

symptoms - 3 times a week notrunal once saba 3
+ 2 diagnotic tests

59
Q

features of hhs

A

hypovolaemia
hyperglycaemia >30
keotnaemia below 3
ph above 7.3
osmolality above 320

60
Q

mx of HHS

A

within 60 mins

fluids
iv insulin if - ketonaemia with ph above 7.3 etc 0.05 units
ketonaemia above 0.6 - 0.01 and ph below 7.3

61
Q

ankle swelling, erythema, loss of foot sensation and t2dm

A

charcot arthropathy

62
Q

Sus of melanoma

A

nodal involvement mets - excision biopsy + SLNB + met screening - if IV - resect, chemo, metastatectomy, palliative

not sus of nodal mets - excision biopsy - if more than 2mm - slnb - staging - if 3 - lymh node dissection and chemo

stage 2 follow up advice

if less than 2mm and non cancerous discharge

najor = size, colour and shape

63
Q

Mnemonic for suspicious lesions

A

Asymmetry
Borders
Colour
Diameter
Exposed area

superficial spreading most common

64
Q

skin scc and bcc

A

SCC - male bowens, lips, forearms and legs, scaly crusted that bleed

bcc - previous scc, head and neck, pearly nodule rolled and erythamtous edge

65
Q

multiple flat and light brown plaques, waxy surface aong scalp

A

sebhorreic keratosis

66
Q

scaly and thick plaques on sun exposed areas

A

actinic keratosis

67
Q

hard rasied growth with ulcerated centre boil

A

keratocanthomas

68
Q

visual hallincations + macular degeneration

A

charles bonnet syndrome

69
Q

bisphosphonate use jaw pain and swelling

A

osteonecrosis of jaw

70
Q

Best long term anitthrombotic post stroke

A

Anti-platelet - clopidogrel 75mg

Af = apixiban

71
Q

Causes of atherosclerosis

A

stenosis
athermoa
small vessel disease
carotid and vertebral stenosis - if symptomatic carotid endarterectomy

72
Q

Cardio emobolic sources of stroke

A

Af and cardiac thrombus

73
Q

Other causes of stroke

A

aterial dissection
giant cell arteritis
vasculitis
haem disorders - antiphospholipid and sickle cell disease
genetic - MELAS

74
Q

Cerebellum innervation

A

signs on the same side of the lesion

75
Q

Vertigo and ataxia - blood infarct location

A

vertebral supplies posterior circulation - carotid supplies anterior

ipsilateral horners

76
Q

Causes of lateral medullary syndrome

A

vertebral artery or posterior inferior cerebellar artery

77
Q

Horners

A

sympathetic chain affected
ptosis, meiosis, anhidrosis, enophthalmos

78
Q

SAh if normal on Ct

A

LP - raised bilirubin - 12 hrs from symtpom onset

then ct angiogram of intracerebral blood vessels if either positive

79
Q

GCS scoring

A

M: obey, local, flexed withdraw, abnormal flexion, abnormal extension

orient, confused, inappropwo words, incomprehensible, none

eyes - comman, voice, pain, none

80
Q

Predom lymphocytes LP

A

CSF viral PCR - HSV - encephalitis

81
Q
A

ICSM Year 6 + edits (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions