finals review Flashcards
What is a civic nation?
A civic nation is defined by shared values and political beliefs rather than ethnic or cultural characteristics.
Characteristics include citizenship, legal equality, and a sense of belonging based on shared governance.
What is an ethnic nation?
An ethnic nation is defined by shared cultural traits, ancestry, and language among its members.
Characteristics include common heritage, traditions, and often a shared religion.
What are the building blocks of nations?
The building blocks of nations include language, culture, history, and territory.
These elements contribute to the formation of national identity and unity.
Define patriotism.
Patriotism is the devotion to and vigorous support for one’s country, often expressed through pride and loyalty.
What are different kinds of national interests?
Different kinds of national interests include economic interests, security interests, and cultural interests.
Examples include trade agreements, military alliances, and cultural preservation.
What is the definition of national loyalty?
National loyalty refers to a sense of allegiance to one’s nation, often prioritizing it above other loyalties.
Provide examples of non-national loyalties.
Examples of non-national loyalties include loyalty to a religion, ethnicity, or political party.
What are contending loyalties?
Contending loyalties are conflicting allegiances that individuals may feel towards different groups or entities.
Examples include loyalty to one’s ethnic group versus loyalty to the nation-state.
How do loyalties impact nationalism?
Loyalties impact nationalism by shaping individuals’ identities and influencing their support for national policies.
What is ultranationalism?
Ultranationalism is an extreme form of nationalism that promotes the interests of one nation above all others, often at the expense of others.
What are examples of ultranationalism?
Examples of ultranationalism include fascist movements and ethnic supremacy ideologies.
Historical instances include Nazi Germany and certain nationalist movements in the Balkans.
What conditions can lead to the rise of ultranationalism?
Conditions that can lead to the rise of ultranationalism include economic hardship, political instability, and perceived threats to national identity.
What strategies do ultranationalists use?
Strategies used by ultranationalists include propaganda, exclusionary policies, and the promotion of national myths.
Define crimes against humanity.
Crimes against humanity are serious violations of human rights committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack against civilians.
What is ethnic cleansing?
Ethnic cleansing is the attempt to establish a region as ethnically homogeneous by using force or intimidation to remove particular ethnic groups.
Define genocide.
Genocide is the intentional act to destroy a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group, in whole or in part.
What is the significance of the creation of the United Nations?
The creation of the United Nations aimed to promote peace, security, and cooperation among nations to prevent conflicts and atrocities.
What is the UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide?
The UN Convention is an international treaty aimed at preventing and punishing the crime of genocide.
What is the role of the International Criminal Court?
The International Criminal Court prosecutes individuals for crimes such as genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity.
What is the difference between peacekeeping and peacemaking?
Peacekeeping involves the deployment of international forces to maintain peace, while peacemaking refers to diplomatic efforts to resolve conflicts.
Peacekeeping is often reactive, while peacemaking is proactive.
Define sovereignty.
Sovereignty is the authority of a state to govern itself or another state.
Provide examples of sovereignty.
Examples of sovereignty include a nation’s control over its territory, laws, and foreign policy.
What are the positive and negative consequences of sovereignty?
Positive consequences include self-determination and political stability; negative consequences can include isolationism and conflicts with other nations.
Define self-determination.
Self-determination is the right of a people to determine their political status and pursue their economic, social, and cultural development.
Provide examples of self-determination.
Examples of self-determination include independence movements and referendums for statehood.
What are the significance and consequences of self-determination?
Significance includes empowerment and autonomy; negative consequences may involve conflict and instability.
Define refugees.
Refugees are individuals who flee their country due to persecution, war, or violence.
Provide examples of refugees.
Examples of refugees include those fleeing the Syrian civil war and the Rwandan genocide.
What is the significance of refugees?
The significance of refugees includes humanitarian concerns and impacts on host countries; negative consequences may involve social tensions and resource strain.
What is the definition of domestic policy?
Domestic policy refers to governmental decisions and actions that are directly related to issues within a nation.
What is the definition of foreign policy?
Foreign policy encompasses a government’s strategies and decisions that guide its interactions with other nations.
List some positive consequences of domestic policy.
- Economic growth
- Improved public services
- Enhanced national security
List some negative consequences of foreign policy.
- Diplomatic tensions
- Military conflicts
- Economic sanctions
What is one key difference between domestic and foreign policy?
Domestic policy deals with internal affairs, while foreign policy governs external relations.
What are some motivations for domestic policy choices?
- Economic stability
- Peace and security
- Humanitarianism
What are some motivations for foreign policy choices?
- National security
- Economic interests
- Humanitarian assistance
Define internationalism.
Internationalism is the principle of cooperation among nations for the purpose of achieving common goals.
What is isolationism?
Isolationism is a foreign policy approach where a nation avoids involvement in international affairs.
What is unilateralism?
Unilateralism is a foreign policy approach where a nation acts independently to achieve its goals without seeking multilateral cooperation.
What is bilateralism?
Bilateralism is a foreign policy approach where two nations work together to address mutual concerns.
What is multilateralism?
Multilateralism is a foreign policy approach that involves multiple countries working together to address global issues.
What is supranationalism?
Supranationalism is a concept where countries give up some degree of sovereignty to a higher authority for collective governance.
Define tied aid.
Tied aid is a type of foreign aid that requires the recipient country to use the funds to purchase goods and services from the donor country.
What is odious debt?
Odious debt is a debt incurred by a regime that does not serve the interests of the nation but rather benefits the regime itself.
What was a significant event of the French Revolution?
The Bastille storming on July 14, 1789.
What was the significance of the Tennis Court Oath?
It marked the assertion of the Third Estate’s commitment to creating a new constitution.
What was the Declaration of the Rights of Man & Citizen?
A fundamental document of the French Revolution that outlines individual and collective rights.
What was one impact of the French Revolution on nationalism?
It inspired nationalist movements across Europe and beyond.
What were the MAIN causes of World War I?
- Militarism
- Alliances
- Imperialism
- Nationalism
What was the immediate cause of World War I?
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria.
What was one effect of World War I?
The Treaty of Versailles, which imposed heavy reparations on Germany.
What was the significance of the Treaty of Versailles?
It reshaped national boundaries and imposed penalties that contributed to future conflicts.
What were some effects of the interwar period?
- Economic instability
- Rise of totalitarian regimes
- Increased ultranationalism
What was the significance of the League of Nations?
It was established to promote peace and cooperation among nations post-World War I.
What was one cause of the Great Depression?
The stock market crash of 1929.
What is ultranationalism?
An extreme form of nationalism that promotes the interests of one nation above all others.
What does appeasement refer to?
The policy of making concessions to an aggressor in order to maintain peace.
What was one impact of World War II on nationalism in Canada?
The conscription crisis of 1944.
What were the causes of World War II?
- Treaty of Versailles
- Rise of ultranationalism
- Economic instability
How did World War II relate to nations and nationalism?
It intensified national identities and rivalries, leading to significant geopolitical changes.
What is the definition of domestic policy?
Domestic policy refers to governmental decisions and actions that are directly related to issues within a nation.
What is the definition of foreign policy?
Foreign policy encompasses a government’s strategies and decisions that guide its interactions with other nations.
List some positive consequences of domestic policy.
- Economic growth
- Improved public services
- Enhanced national security
List some negative consequences of foreign policy.
- Diplomatic tensions
- Military conflicts
- Economic sanctions
What is one key difference between domestic and foreign policy?
Domestic policy deals with internal affairs, while foreign policy governs external relations.
What are some motivations for domestic policy choices?
- Economic stability
- Peace and security
- Humanitarianism
What are some motivations for foreign policy choices?
- National security
- Economic interests
- Humanitarian assistance
Define internationalism.
Internationalism is the principle of cooperation among nations for the purpose of achieving common goals.
What is isolationism?
Isolationism is a foreign policy approach where a nation avoids involvement in international affairs.
What is unilateralism?
Unilateralism is a foreign policy approach where a nation acts independently to achieve its goals without seeking multilateral cooperation.
What is bilateralism?
Bilateralism is a foreign policy approach where two nations work together to address mutual concerns.
What is multilateralism?
Multilateralism is a foreign policy approach that involves multiple countries working together to address global issues.
What is supranationalism?
Supranationalism is a concept where countries give up some degree of sovereignty to a higher authority for collective governance.
Define tied aid.
Tied aid is a type of foreign aid that requires the recipient country to use the funds to purchase goods and services from the donor country.
What is odious debt?
Odious debt is a debt incurred by a regime that does not serve the interests of the nation but rather benefits the regime itself.
What was a significant event of the French Revolution?
The Bastille storming on July 14, 1789.
What was the significance of the Tennis Court Oath?
It marked the assertion of the Third Estate’s commitment to creating a new constitution.
What was the Declaration of the Rights of Man & Citizen?
A fundamental document of the French Revolution that outlines individual and collective rights.
What was one impact of the French Revolution on nationalism?
It inspired nationalist movements across Europe and beyond.
What were the MAIN causes of World War I?
- Militarism
- Alliances
- Imperialism
- Nationalism
What was the immediate cause of World War I?
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria.
What was one effect of World War I?
The Treaty of Versailles, which imposed heavy reparations on Germany.
What was the significance of the Treaty of Versailles?
It reshaped national boundaries and imposed penalties that contributed to future conflicts.
What were some effects of the interwar period?
- Economic instability
- Rise of totalitarian regimes
- Increased ultranationalism
What was the significance of the League of Nations?
It was established to promote peace and cooperation among nations post-World War I.
What was one cause of the Great Depression?
The stock market crash of 1929.
What is ultranationalism?
An extreme form of nationalism that promotes the interests of one nation above all others.
What does appeasement refer to?
The policy of making concessions to an aggressor in order to maintain peace.
What was one impact of World War II on nationalism in Canada?
The conscription crisis of 1944.
What were the causes of World War II?
- Treaty of Versailles
- Rise of ultranationalism
- Economic instability
How did World War II relate to nations and nationalism?
It intensified national identities and rivalries, leading to significant geopolitical changes.
What were the impacts of World War I on Canada?
Conscription and internment
Conscription refers to mandatory enlistment for military service, while internment involved the confinement of individuals, often based on their ethnicity.
What global events were influenced by World War I?
Genocide, creation of the UN, UN convention on the prevention and punishment of genocide, International Criminal Court
These events were pivotal in shaping international law and human rights standards.
What is nationalism?
A political ideology that emphasizes the interests and culture of a particular nation or group
It often relates to the identity and unity of a population.
How does nationalism relate to First Nations, Inuit, Metis, and Francophone populations in Canada?
It influences their cultural identity, political movements, and rights
Nationalism can manifest in demands for self-determination and recognition.
What is multiculturalism?
The coexistence of diverse cultures within a society
It promotes acceptance and integration of various cultural identities.
What is bilingualism?
The ability to communicate fluently in two languages
In Canada, it often refers to English and French.
What is regionalism?
A political ideology that emphasizes the interests of a specific region
It can lead to demands for greater autonomy or self-governance.
What does self-determination refer to?
The right of a people to determine their own political status
This principle is often associated with decolonization and independence movements.
What are federalist ideas/beliefs?
Support for a political system where power is divided between a central authority and constituent units
In Canada, this relates to the division of powers between federal and provincial governments.
What are sovereignist ideas/beliefs?
Support for the sovereignty of a nation or group, often advocating for independence from a larger political entity
In Canada, this is particularly relevant to Quebec’s political movements.
What were residential schools?
Institutions aimed at assimilating Indigenous children into Euro-Canadian culture
These schools have been associated with significant cultural and personal trauma for Indigenous communities.
What is the Indian Act?
A Canadian federal law that governs Indian status, local governance, and the management of reserve land
It has been criticized for its colonial approach and impact on Indigenous rights.
What are treaties in the context of Canada?
Formal agreements between Indigenous peoples and the government regarding land use and rights
Treaties are critical to understanding the legal relationship between Indigenous nations and the Canadian state.
What is NATO?
North Atlantic Treaty Organization, a military alliance of member states from North America and Europe
Its primary goal is collective defense against aggression.
What is the EU?
European Union, a political and economic union of member states in Europe
It aims to facilitate economic cooperation and promote peace and stability.
What is NAFTA?
North American Free Trade Agreement, a trade agreement between Canada, the US, and Mexico
It aimed to eliminate trade barriers and increase economic cooperation.
What is the World Bank?
An international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of poorer countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects
It aims to reduce poverty and promote sustainable development.
What is the IMF?
International Monetary Fund, an organization that aims to promote global economic stability and growth
It provides monetary cooperation and financial stability.
What are the G-8 and G-20?
Groups of major advanced and emerging economies that discuss and coordinate economic policy
G-8 includes eight major economies, while G-20 includes both developed and developing nations.
What is La Francophonie?
An international organization representing countries and regions where French is a customary language
It promotes the French language and cultural diversity.
What is WHO?
World Health Organization, a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health
It coordinates responses to health emergencies and sets health standards.
What is UNESCO?
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, a specialized agency of the UN aimed at promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, the sciences, and culture
It seeks to foster cultural diversity and protect heritage.
What is UNICEF?
United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund, an agency that provides humanitarian and developmental assistance to children worldwide
It focuses on children’s rights and welfare.
What is NORAD?
North American Aerospace Defense Command, a joint military command of the US and Canada responsible for aerospace defense
It monitors and defends North American airspace.
What should be understood about the mandates of international organizations?
They address national interests, international interests, and world problems
Each organization has specific goals and functions related to global cooperation.
What are examples of successes of international organizations?
Peacekeeping missions, humanitarian aid, international treaties
Successes vary by organization and context.
What are examples of failures of international organizations?
Inability to prevent conflicts, humanitarian crises, or ineffective response to global issues
Failures highlight the limitations of international cooperation.
How do international organizations relate to nationalism?
They can either challenge or reinforce national sovereignty and identity
The relationship can be complex, often depending on the organization’s goals.
How do international organizations relate to internationalism?
They promote cooperation and collaboration among nations to address global challenges
Internationalism emphasizes the interconnectedness of nations.
