Finals quizes Flashcards
Which energy system has an intermediate maximum capacity of generated ATP and intermediate maximum power?
Glycogen-lactic acid System
Which of the following statements is CORRECT regarding the reasons why lipids is an ideal energy source for the body?
a. Lipids can be transported and stored easily
b. Lipids can provide ready energy source
c. Lipids carry large quantities of energy per unit weight
d. All of these
All of these
What medical condition may be caused by deficiency in Vitamin C from diet?
Scurvy
The aerobic system can initially utilize stored resources and oxygen in the body. Once they are depleted, they must be reconstituted back by food intake and ventilation. What must be done to reconstitute the muscle glycogen stores?
Intake of a high carbohydrate diet
What is the stored form of glucose?
Glycogen
Which of the following is NOT a component of muscle performance?
a. Local Endurance
b. Muscle Strength
c. Power
d. General Endurance
General Enduranc
T or F
Fluids must be consumed regularly during physical activity to avoid dehydration and its life-threatening consequences.
TRUE
T or F
Fluids help to lower plasma volume to optimize the circulatory and sweating response to exercise.
FALSE
fluids don’t necessarily lower plasma volume during exercise,
What is a relatively weak steroid hormone synthesized from cholesterol in the adrenal cortex, considered as the mother hormone for estrogen and testosterone?
DHEA
Which of the following statements is CORRECT about Maximum Oxygen Consumption?
a. The maximum amount of oxygen consumed per minute
b. Maximum oxygen consumed when maximum effort is reached
c. All of these
d. Measure of body’s capacity to use oxygen
All of these
Which of the following is NOT a source of water for the body?
a. None of these
b. Food
c. Metabolic processes
d. Liquid ingestion
a.
None of these
Which energy systems has a great maximum capacity of generated ATP but with a small maximum power?
Aerobic System
Which of the following is NOT a role of proteins in the body?
a. Proteins activate vitamins that play a key role in metabolic and physiologic regulation
b. Proteins are primary constituents for plasma membranes and internal cellular material
c. None of these
d. Proteins regulate the acid-base quality of the body fluids
b. Proteins are primary constituents for plasma membranes and internal cellular material
Which of the following is NOT a role of carbohydrates in the body?
a. Fat sparer
b. Prevents utilization of protein for energy
c. Facilitate use of fat for energy
d. Primary source of energy
b. Prevents utilization of protein for energy.
Which of the following is the most serious and complex heat stress malady that requires immediate medical attention?
a. Heat Stroke
b. Heat Syncope
c. Heat Cramps
d. Heat Exhaustion
Heat Stroke
Which energy systems has a small maximum capacity of generated ATP but with a high maximum power?
Phosphocreatine-creatine system
T or F
Astronauts in space have their bone mass diminish to as much as 1.0% per month even with continuous exercise.
TRUE
T or F
Astronauts also experience increase work capacity, reduce blood volume, and reduced orthostatic tolerance.
FALSE
Astronauts also experience decreased work capacity, reduce blood volume, and reduced orthostatic tolerance.
Which of the following factors DO NOT contribute to the acute brain edema caused by staying in places in high altitudes?
a. Increase in capillary pressure due to the increase blood flow
b. Increase release of vascular endothelial growth factors
c. Increase in vasodilation due to the reaction of the blood vessels to hypoxia
d. Increase in vascular resistance as a response to hypoxia
d.
Increase in vascular resistance as a response to hypoxia
Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding ways or processes a person can acclimatized in places in high altitudes?
a. Increased erythrocytes
b. None of these
c. Increased diffusing capacity of the lungs
d. Increased pulmonary ventilation
None of these
Which of the following is NOT a physiological change a person may experience while in space?
a. Motion sickness during the first few days of travel
b. Diminished physical activity
c. None of these
d. Translocation of fluids within the body
None of These
Which of the following is NOT an effect of Weightlessness in space?
a. Increase in Motion sickness
b. Decrease blood volume
c. Increase baroreceptor response
d. Decrease muscle mass
c. Increase baroreceptor response
Which of the following statements is CORRECT regarding aviation in higher altitudes?
a. An aviator breathing pure carbon dioxide can ascend far higher altitudes
b. An aviator breathing a mixture of carbon dioxide and oxygen can ascend far higher altitudes
c. An aviator breathing a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen can ascend far higher altitudes
d. An aviator breathing pure oxygen can ascend far higher altitudes
d. An aviator breathing pure oxygen can ascend far higher altitudes
Which of the following is NOT an effect of positive G forces in the body?
a. Increased vessel pressure on the lower body
b. Stimulation of the baroreceptor reflexes to raise blood pressure
c. Systolic and diastolic pressures fall below normal
d. Pooling of blood around the eyes
d. Pooling of blood around the eyes
Which of the following will occur if a person ascends into a very high altitude?
a. The person experiences decrease air pressure, causing blackouts
b. The person experiences decrease air pressure, causing hypoxia
c. The person experiences increase air pressure, rupturing the ear drums
d. The person experiences increase air pressure, causing hyperoxia
Even in low oxygen states, absence of erythropoietin still causes stimulation of erythrocyte production. With presence of erythropoietin, low oxygen states can cause a marked increase of erythrocyte production.
a. Both statements are incorrect
b. The first statement is correct, the second statement is incorrect
c. Both statements are correct
d. The first statement is incorrect, the second statement is correct
d. The first statement is incorrect, the second statement is correct
Which of the following is an effect of negative G forces in the body?
a. Increase vessel pressure in the lower extremities
b. “Blackouts” followed by loss of consciousness
c. Intense momentary head hyperemia
d. Immediate hypotension
What would happen to a person’s pulmonary volumes as he or she descends deeper into the ocean?
a. The pulmonary volume doesn’t change as the depth increases
b. None of these
c. The pulmonary volume decreases as the depth increases
d. The pulmonary volume increases as the depth increases
The pulmonary volume decreases as the depth increases
T or F
The volume of gasses increases when the barometric pressure increases.
FALSE
As altitude increases, the barometric pressure decreases
T or F
This means that when the altitude increases by 18,000 feet, the volume of the gas can increase by 2 liters.
FALSE
If a diver has been beneath the sea long enough that large amounts of nitrogen have dissolved in the body, and the diver then suddenly comes back to the surface of the sea, significant quantities of nitrogen bubbles can develop in the body fluids, either intracellularly or extracellularly, and can cause minor or serious damage in almost any area of the body. What is this medical condition called?
Caisson’s disease
Which of the following is NOT an effect of positive G forces on the body?
a. Black outs
b. Gray outs
c. Red outs
d. All of these is not an effect of Positive G forces
d. All of these is not an effect of Positive G forces
Which of the following characteristics is CORRECT regarding positive G forces?
a. Happens when a person increase speed while travelling forward
b. Happens to a person when falling lesser than the speed of gravitational pull
c. Happens when a person suddenly slows down
d. Happens during downward acceleration
a.
Happens when a person increase speed while travelling forward
Which of the following will happen to the partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere as the altitude increases?
a. The partial pressure of oxygen doesn’t change
b. The partial pressure of oxygen decreases
c. The partial pressure of oxygen increases
d. None of these
b. The partial pressure of oxygen decreases
Which stage of erythrocyte development does the formation of hemoglobin begins?
Polychromatic Erythroblasts
What is the normal lifespan of a healthy erythrocyte?
120 days
Which stage of erythrocyte development where the cell’s nucleus condenses to a small size until its either absorbed or extruded?
d. Orthochromatic Erythrocyte
Which of the following statements is CORRECT about the function of folic acid and vitamin B12?
a. Supports porphyrin production
b. Differentiation of Myeloid Stem Cells
c. Essential for hemoglobin breakdown
d. Production of Thymidine Triphosphate for DNA Synthesis
a. Supports porphyrin production
Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoplasmic enzymes of erythrocytes?
a. Maintain iron in transferrin form in hemoglobin
b. Maintain pliability of cell membrane
c. Maintain membrane transport of ions
d. Metabolyze glucose & form small amounts of ATP
a.
Maintain iron in transferrin form in hemoglobin
Where is the predominant site for erythropoiesis or erythrocyte production during second trimester of pregnancy?
a. Lymph nodes
b. Yolk Sac
c. Bone marrow
d. Liver
d. Liver
When iron is absorbed in the small intestine, it is transported into the capillary circulation. Which of the following will be its form in the circulation?
a. Bilirubin
b. Transferrin
c. Ferritin
d. Apotransferrin
b. Transferrin
A patient diagnosed with cerebrovascular disease was referred to your care for physical therapy management. While reviewing the patient’s chart, you noticed a secondary diagnosis of Pernicious Anemia. During patient education, which of the following will you advise as a physical therapist?
a. Prescribe the patient with a diet plan you read in the internet
b. Avoid travelling in low altitude areas
c. Exercise at home vigorously as much as possible
d. Explain the importance of adhering to the prescription of his nutritionist
d. Explain the importance of adhering to the prescription of his nutritionist
Which organ is erythropoietin principally synthesized and released?
Kidney
Which form does iron takes in the storage pool of liver cells in which it turns into an extremely insoluble form?
a. Ferritin
b. Hemosiderin
c. Transferrin
d. Apotransferrin
b.
Hemosiderin
Which of the following aspects of erythrocyte production and maturation will be affected if a patient has gastrointestinal problems with food absorption?
a. There will be problems with the formation of hemoglobin protein
b. There will be problems with the DNA synthesis of the erythrocyte
c. There will be problems with extrusion of the nucleus from the reticulocyte
d. There will be problems with recruitment of pluripotential stem cells
a. There will be problems with the formation of hemoglobin protein
Which of the following conditions may cause hypoxia?
a. Low Altitudes
b. Lung diseases
c. Cold environment
d. Polycythemia
B. Lung disease
Which of the following is NOT stimulated by Erythropoietin in erythrocyte production?
a. Proerythroblast production
b. All of these
c. Proerythroblast maturation
d. Proerythroblast differentiation
b. All of these
What is the storage form of iron in the hepatocytes?
Ferritin
Which of the following long term changes DOES NOT occur after consistent exercise sessions?
a. Increase Muscle Mitochondria
b. Increase Muscle Dyplasia
c. Increase Muscle Myoglobin
d. Increase Muscle Hypertrophy
Increase Muscle Dyplasia
Which of the following is described as increase in the number of muscle fibers as a response to resistance training?
a. Hypertrophy
b. Hyperplasia
c. Hypotrophy
d. Hypoplasia
Hyperplasia
Which of the following will occur during an exercise session if the person doesn’t engage in proper rest periods?
a. All of these
b. None of these
c. Muscle Fatigue
d. Muscle Soreness
All of these
G.H, a 30-year-old female professor diagnosed with chronic hypertension was referred to your care for wellness and health program. You plan to set the intensity of her exercise at 60% intensity. What is the Maximum Heart Rate of the patient
190 bpm
If a person is 35 years old, what would be their estimated maximal heart rate using the commonly used formula?
185 bpm
Using the formula to estimate maximal heart rate, what would be the estimated HRmax for someone who is 50 years old?
170 bpm
Which of the following components of muscle performance is being emphasized or improved by low load resistance, increased repetitions increased duration of exercise?
a. Muscle flexibility
b. Muscle length
c. Muscle strength
d. Muscle endurance
d. Muscle endurance
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of exercise in patients with diabetes mellitus type II?
a. Increase the degree of attraction and the number of insulin-binding plasma membrane receptors
b. Decrease levels of glucose in the blood
c. Increase in Insulin sensitivity of the cells
d. None of these
None of these
The patient aims to improve strength of weak lower extremity muscles and endurance in his sport which is synchronized swimming. What form of exercises would is BEST to give to improve his weaker lower extremity muscles?
a.
Emphasis on repetition rather than resistance, and sports-specific training
b.
Emphasis on resistance rather than repetitions, and sports-specific training
b.
Emphasis on resistance rather than repetitions, and sports-specific training
Refers to the ability of the contractile tissue to produce tension and a resultant force based on the demands placed on the muscle?
Muscle strength
Which of the following is defined as the product of muscle strength and muscle contractile velocity?
Muscle Power
Which of the following principle/law states that an athlete can lose the effects of training when they stop and can gain the effects when they begin to train again?
a.
Reversibility Principle
b.
Wolff’s Law
c.
SAID Principle
d.
Law of Grothus-Draper
a.
Reversibility Principle
Which of the following short term changes DOES NOT occur during an exercise session?
a. Increase carbon dioxide formation
b. Increase tidal volume
c. Increase affinity of oxygen to hemoglobin
d. Increase pulmonary ventilation
Increase affinity of oxygen to hemoglobin
Which of the following long term changes occurs after consistent exercise sessions?
a.
Decrease Resting Heart Rate
b.
Decrease Ejection Fraction
c.
Increase Blood Pressure
d.
Increase Body Temperature
a.
Decrease Resting Heart Rate
Which of the following long term changes DOES NOT occur after consistent exercise sessions?
a.
Increase strength of respiration muscles
b.
Increase shortness of breath
c.
Increase efficiency of breathing
d.
Increase arterial oxygen at rest
b.
Increase shortness of breath
Which muscle adaptation to endurance-type training occurs that causes the improvement in the local endurance of the muscle or group of muscles?
a.
Increase mitochondrial density
b.
Increase in lactic acid production
c.
Conversion from Type 2 Fiber into Type 1
d.
Decrease capillary bed density
a.
Increase mitochondrial density
The ability of the structures or segments of the body to move or be moved in order to allow the occurrence of range of motion for functional activities?
c. Mobility
Which of the following is the volume of air that fils the passageways of air in the lungs and the alveoll, but are not involved in respiration?
A Anatomic Dead Space
B Alveolar Dead Space
C. Physiologic Dead Space
A. Anatomic deadspace
Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeleton of the heart?
a. Separate the muscular walls of the atria from those of the ventricles
b. Provide muscular attachment for leaflets & cusps of the valves & myocardium
c. Support the bases of the valves and prevent stretching
d. none of the above
d. none of the above
Which of the following statements is CORRECT regarding the cardiac muscle fibers?
a. There are three types of cardiac muscle fibers
b. Striation is characterized by bundles or fascicle-like appearance
c. The fibers are arranged in a lattice-work
d. Gap junctions provide the intercellular communication among fibers
d. Gap junctions provide the intercellular communication among fibers
What provides the ONLY connection between the Atria and the Ventricles?
AV Node
Which of the following factors contribute to the Syncytium characteristic of the cardiac muscle fiber?
a. The presence of intercalated disks that contains Adherens Junctions
b. The presence of intercalated disks that contains Gap Junctions
The presence of intercalated disks that contains Gap Junctions
Which part of the conduction system is the cardiac impulse delayed?
Atrioventricular Node
Which extracellular fluid ion is the cardiac muscles more dependent for its contraction?
Calcium ions
This is the normal anatomical pacemaker of the heart:
Sinoatrial Node
Which of the following factors is INCORRECT regarding the cause of
the rapid transmission of impulse through the Purkinje fibers?
a. Very high level of permeability of the gap junctions
b. Ions are transmitted easily from on cell to another
c. Very few myofibrils
d. None of these
c. Very few myofibrils
Before the cardiac impulse reaches the atrioventricular node, which of the following does the impulse conducted?
a. Bundle of His
b. Internodal Pathway
Bundle of His
The pressure that has been built up by the ventricles during isovolumetric contraction that will overcome the pressure in the great vessels?
Afterload
Which of the following DOES NOT occur during Ventricular Diastole?
a. Semilunar Valves are closed
b. Atrial Systole
c. Atrial Diastole
b. Atrial Systole
Which channel will open to cause the depolarization in the sinoatrial node?
a. Sodium Channels
b. Potassium Channels
c. Sodium-Calcium Channels
d. Fast Calcium Channels
d. Fast Calcium Channels
Which of the following subphases of Ejection Phase of the cardiac cycle is INCORRECT?
a. First 1/3 of Ejection Phase is the period of slow ejection
b. First 1/3 of Ejection Phase is the period of rapid ejection
b. First 1/3 of Ejection Phase is
the period of rapid ejection
What happens to the ventricular volume and pressure during Passive
Ventricular Filling?
a. Ventricular volume increases, ventricular pressure slightly increases
b. Ventricular volume decreases, ventricular pressure slightly increases
c. Ventricular volume increases, ventricular pressure slightly decreases
a. Ventricular volume increases, ventricular pressure slightly increases
Which of the following refers to the quantity of blood that moves through a specific point in the circulation over a specific time period, and expressed as volume (milliliters or liters) over time (milliseconds or seconds)?
A. Vascular Resistance
C. Vascular Distensibility
B. Vascular Flow
D. Vascular Compliance
B. Vascular Flow
Which of the following describes the total quantity of blood that can be
stored in a given portion of the circulation for each mmHg pressure rise?
A. Vascular Resistance
C. Vascular Distensibility
B. Vascular Flow
D. Vascular Compliance
D. Vascular Compliance
Which of the following statements is CORRECT regarding the Frank-Starling Mechanism?
a. The decreased volume of blood stretches the cardiac muscles causing increase in strength of contractility
b. The increased volume of blood stretches the cardiac muscles causing increase in strength of contractility
c. The increased volume of blood stretches the cardiac muscles causing decrease in strength of contractility
c. The increased volume of blood stretches the cardiac muscles causing decrease in strength of contractility
Which of the following refers to the efficiency of the ventrides in emptying itself though the ejection of blood?
A. End-diastolic volume
C. End-systolic volume
B. Ejection Fraction
B. Ejection Fraction
- Which of the following statements is CORRECT regarding the ventricular volume and pressure changes during a cardiac cycle?
i. Ventricular Filling - Increase Ventricular Volume and Pressure
ii. Isovolumetric Contraction - Increase Ventricular Volume
and Pressure
ili. Ejection - Decrease Ventricular Volume, Increase Ventricular Pressure
iv. Isovolumetric Relaxation - Decrease Ventricular Volume, Increase Ventricular Pressure
A. Statements I and II
C. Statements I and III
B. Statements II and IV
C. Statements I and III
Which of the following statements is CORRECT regarding Frank-Starling
Mechanism of the heart?
A. This is the ability of the heart to adapt to increasing volumes of inflowing blood
B. When the heart muscle is stretched during filling, the greater is the force of contraction
C. Within physiological limits, the heart pumps all blood that return to it by way of the veins
C. Within physiological limits, the heart pumps all blood that return to it by way of the veins
What is the ability of the blood vessels to accommodate the pulsatile output of the heart?
Capacitance
