FINALS MUSCULO Flashcards by Tyler White

consists of the bones, skeletal muscles, and joints.

MUSCULOSKELETAL

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to support and provide a framework for the body, protecting
structures, acting as levers for movement, storing
fats and minerals, and producing blood cells.

BONES

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Bone shapes includes:

Long bones (femur, humerus)
Short bones (carpals, tarsals)
Flat bones (sternum, ribs)
Irregular bones (vertebrae, hip bones)

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Most skeletal muscles are_________

voluntary

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Composed of hundreds of thousands of elongated
muscle cells or fibers arranged in striated bands
that attach to skeletal bones.

SKELETAL MUSCLE

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tough fibrous bands that attach
muscle to bone or attach muscle to muscle.

TENDONS

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also known as Articulation

The point where two or more bones in the body
meet

EX:
- Fibrous
- Cartilaginous
- Synovial

JOINTS

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can increase calcium absorption
directly and indirectly by stimulating 1-α
hydroxylase activity in the kidney.

ESTROGEN

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measures muscle response or electrical activity in response to a
nerve’s stimulation of the muscle.

Electromyography (EMG),

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Movement in which
limb describes a cone
in space

Distal end of the limbs
moves in a circle.

Circumduction

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Movement of limbs
away from the midline
of the body.

Term used to describe
movement of finger or
toes, means spreading
them apart

Abduction

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Movement of limbs
towards the body
midline.

Term used to describe
movement of fingers,
Bringing close
together

Adduction

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Refers to the
movement of the foot,
the sole of the foot is
turned medially

Inversion

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Increases the angle
between the
articulating bones.

Straightens the joint

Extension

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Refers to the
movement of the foot,
the sole of the foot
faces laterally.

Eversion

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Bending movement
that decreases the
angle of joint and
brings articulating
bones closer together

Bending of the Joint

Flexion

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Movement of the
forearm so that the
palm faces down,
posteriorly or inferiorly.

Pronation

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Movement of the
forearm so the palm
faces up, anteriorly or
superiorly.

Supination

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is a nonangular anterior
movement in a
transverse plane.

Moving the body part
back to its original
position on a parallel
plane.

Retraction

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The turning movement
of bone along its own
axis.

May occur toward the
midline or away from it.

Rotation

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Is a non angular
anterior movement in a
transverse plane.

Movement of a body
part forward on a plane parallel to the
ground

Protraction

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CLASSIFICATION AND RATING:

Active motion
against some
resistance

Slight Weakness - 4

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CLASSIFICATION AND RATING:

Active motion
against full
resistance

Normal - 5

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CLASSIFICATION AND RATING:

Active ROM
against gravity

Average Weakness - 3

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CLASSIFICATION AND RATING: Slight flicker of contraction

Severe weakness - 1

CLASSIFICATION AND RATING: Passive ROM (gravity removed and assisted by

Poor ROM - 2

CLASSIFICATION AND RATING: No muscular contraction

Paralysis - 0

A test for Balance Recovery, Subjects stand with feet close together. The examiner pushes with light even pressure over the sternum three times. then three times while their eyes are closed.

Nudge Test

Spastic lower limbs, and movement on stiff, jerky movements Knees are together and the legs cross in front of one another.

SCISSORS GAIT

● Shuffling gait, very stiff manner ● Stooped over posture with flexed hips and knees

PARKINSONIAN GAIT

● Foot drop walk ● Flexes and raises the knee higher than usual

STEPPAGE GAIT

● Flexed are held close to body while client drags toe of leg ● Having an abnormal level of muscle stiffness on one side of the body.

SPASTIC HEMIPARESIS

● Type of gait abnormality that causes a person to sway from side to side and their hip to drop with each step ● Due to weakness in the hip girdle and upper thigh muscle.

WADDLING GAIT

The junction between the manubrium of the sternum and the clavicle.

STERNOCLAVICULAR JOINT

● Natural curve of the lower back (lumbar) area of the spine. ● Exaggerated inward curve of the spine ★ “Sway-back”

LORDOSIS

● Flattening of the Lumbar Curve ★ “Hunchback” or “humpback

KYPHOSIS

Looking towards the ceiling - Chin to Chest - Ear to Shoulders - Look left and right -

Extension 45 Flexion 45° Lateral Bending 40° Left and Right 70°

● An abnormal lateral curve ● Side bending of the spine, S-shaped.

SCOLIOSIS

Leaning backward - Leaning forward - bending body part sideways

Extension 30° Flexion 90° Lateral Bending 35°

(Straight leg raise test)

LASEGUE’S TEST

can be measured from the umbilicus to the medial malleoli of the ankle

Apparent leg length discrepancy

Articulation of the head of the humerus

Shoulder

TESTING FOR CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME

PHALEN’S TEST TINEL’S TEST

finger is flexed at the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) and hyperextended at the distal interphalangeal joint (DIP)

Boutonniere deformity

Characterized by proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint hyperextension and flexion of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint.

● Swan Neck Deformity:

congenital condition wherein two or more digits are fused together.

Syndactyly

congenital condition wherein there are supernumerary fingers or toes.

Polydactyly

broad term describing the inflammation of the fluid-filled synovium within the tendon sheath

Tenosynovitis

a sign of severe prolonged medial nerve compression (commonly caused by carpal tunnel syndrome)

Thenar Atrophy

The articulation of the femur, tibia, and patella.

KNEES

deformity in which one or both legs are bent outward at the knee

Genu Varum (Bow-leggedness)

a deformity in which legs are curved inward, so that the knees are close together and strike each other as the person walks and ankles are widely separated.

Genu Valgum (Knock-Knees)

foot deformity that causes the arch of the foot to collapse, making the entire sole of the foot touch the ground

FLAT FEET (PES PLANUS)

sudden onset of severe pain, swelling, warmth, and redness of a joint

ACUTE GOUTY ARTHRITIS

★ Used to determine the presence of fluid in the knee joint.

“BULGE” KNEE TEST

Deformity of the joint connecting the big toe to foot.

HALLUX VALGUS

★ Used to determine knee joint effusion.

BALLOTTEMENT TEST (PATELLAR TAP TEST)

Caused by pressure or friction to the skin

CALLUS

Caused by friction and pressure from repeated actions

CORN

Warts that grow on the bottom of the foot or toes. They are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV)

PLANTAR WART (VERRUCA VULGARIS)

Deformity that causes the toe to bend downward at the middle joint, resembling a hammer.

HAMMER TOE

Congenital, rigid, and fixed malposition of foot.

TALIPES EQUINOVARUS (CLUB FOOT)

Lifting the front of the foot - Lifting of the heel of the foot from the ground -

Dorsiflexion Plantarflexion