Finals Jeopardy studying

Question 1

Triglycerides (lipid)

Answer 1

1 molecule of glycerol and 3 fatty acids
built by dehydration synthesis
can be saturated or unsaturated

Question 2

Phospholipid (lipid)

Answer 2

Instead of 3rd fatty acid, they have a phosphate group. Used in cell membranes

Question 3

steroids (lipid)

Answer 3

4 interconnected Carbon rings. -OH group is connected its called sterol. Important in mycoplasma bacteria and plants and fungi membranes

Question 4

Waxes (lipids)

Answer 4

mycolic acid in mycobacterium cell wall

Question 5

How are proteins used?

Answer 5

hormones, antibodies, receptors, cytoskeleton, membrane transporters, exotoxins, and bacteriocins

Question 6

Difference between RNA and DNA

Answer 6

RNA: has an extra OH and has Uracil instead of thymine. And tends to be single-stranded.

DNA: found in cells, it has -H instead of the -OH in RNA. It has thymine instead of uracil. It has two nucleotide strands held together by H bonds.

Question 7

Simple Microscope

Answer 7

used visible light to observe a specimen through a single lens

Question 8

Compound Microscope

Answer 8

Multiple lenses, pathways of light, light travels through the condenser, specimen, objective lens, prism, and eventually to the ocular lens into the line of vision.

Question 9

Brightfield

Answer 9

the specimen appears against a bright background

Question 10

Darkfield

Answer 10

Only light reflected by the specimen is seen. Useful for viewing microbes that won’t take up a stain

Question 11

Phase-contrast

Answer 11

Light bending waves. It allows you to view living organisms.

Question 12

DIC microscopy

Answer 12

2 beams of light are there, and each one is split by a prism which adds to the brightly colored 3D image of the microbe

Question 13

Immunofluorescence

Answer 13

Antibodies from donated serum are mixed with fluorochrome and injected into serum, where they light up once they connect with the antigen

Question 14

3 different staining techniques

Answer 14

gram staining
acid-fast
endospores

Question 15

Lynn Margulis and Rebecca Lancefield

Answer 15

Margulis: Endosymbiont theory (mitochondria and chloroplast used to be free-living prokaryotes)
Lancefield: Created a classification system for B- hemolytic streptococci

Question 16

difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 16

eukaryotes: linear chomosomes, hostones proteins, organelles, cell walls that don’t contain peptidoglycan.

Prokaryotes: circular chromosomes, supercoiling with HU proteins to make DNA fit in cell, toxins,drug resistance, on plasmids. peptidoglycan, binary fission, bacteria and archaea,

Question 17

Domains

Answer 17

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

Question 18

Organic Compounds

Answer 18

Protein, Nucleic Acid, Carbohydrates, lipids,
Protein: Amino Acid
Nucleic Acid: Nucleotides
Carbs: Glucose
Lipids: Glycerol+ Fatty Acids

Question 19

Flagella Formations

Answer 19

Peritrichous: many flagella all over.​

Monotrichous: only one on one end.​

Lophotrichous: lop-sided with lots on one end.​

Amphitrichous: on both ends.​

Question 20

PH levels

Answer 20

7 = neutral
less than 7 = acidic
more than 7 = basic

Question 21

lysosomes purpose

Answer 21

digest/recycle damaged or old organelles
essential for destroying bacteria phagocytized by leukocytes

Question 22

Anabolic reaction

Answer 22

larger molecule is formed by two smaller molecules

Question 23

Catabolic reaction

Answer 23

Break down energy is released

Question 24

Exchange reactions

Answer 24

involve synthesis and decomposition