Finals Jeopardy studying Flashcards
Triglycerides (lipid)
1 molecule of glycerol and 3 fatty acids
built by dehydration synthesis
can be saturated or unsaturated
Phospholipid (lipid)
Instead of 3rd fatty acid, they have a phosphate group. Used in cell membranes
steroids (lipid)
4 interconnected Carbon rings. -OH group is connected its called sterol. Important in mycoplasma bacteria and plants and fungi membranes
Waxes (lipids)
mycolic acid in mycobacterium cell wall
How are proteins used?
hormones, antibodies, receptors, cytoskeleton, membrane transporters, exotoxins, and bacteriocins
Difference between RNA and DNA
RNA: has an extra OH and has Uracil instead of thymine. And tends to be single-stranded.
DNA: found in cells, it has -H instead of the -OH in RNA. It has thymine instead of uracil. It has two nucleotide strands held together by H bonds.
Simple Microscope
used visible light to observe a specimen through a single lens
Compound Microscope
Multiple lenses, pathways of light, light travels through the condenser, specimen, objective lens, prism, and eventually to the ocular lens into the line of vision.
Brightfield
the specimen appears against a bright background
Darkfield
Only light reflected by the specimen is seen. Useful for viewing microbes that won’t take up a stain
Phase-contrast
Light bending waves. It allows you to view living organisms.
DIC microscopy
2 beams of light are there, and each one is split by a prism which adds to the brightly colored 3D image of the microbe
Immunofluorescence
Antibodies from donated serum are mixed with fluorochrome and injected into serum, where they light up once they connect with the antigen
3 different staining techniques
gram staining
acid-fast
endospores
Lynn Margulis and Rebecca Lancefield
Margulis: Endosymbiont theory (mitochondria and chloroplast used to be free-living prokaryotes)
Lancefield: Created a classification system for B- hemolytic streptococci
