ch 13 Flashcards
Tobacco mosaic virus
-First virus to be studied by Wendell Stanley
-Only affects plants
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Viron Structure
-Nucleic Acid (single or double-stranded, linear or circular, DNA or RNA)
-Capside (made of capsomeres)
-SOMETIMES an envelope (lipids, proteins, and carbs) maybe has spike proteins
Enveloped Viruses
-Herpes (HSV)
-Chicken Pox (VZV)
-Mononucleosis
-West Nile
-Hepatitis C
-Influenza
-Measles
-Mumps
-Rabies
-HIV
Noroviruses cause
gastroenteritis “stomach flu”
Icosahedrons
-West nile virus
-norovirus
-adenovirus
-polio
-HHV
-Zika
Examples of Complex
Bacteriophages (spaceships)
Poxvirus (no clearly defined capsid)
Poxvirus
Cause smallpox and cowpox
Chicken Pox
The Herpes virus is not apart of small smallpox family
Draw virus replication cycle on Ipad
DO IT
Steps of viral replication
Attachment (absorption)
Entry (penetration)
Uncoating
Biosynthesis (replication of viral genome and production of viral proteins, assembly of new virions)
Release
Corynebacterium diptheriae
Diptheria toxin
Streptococcus Pyogens
Scarlet fever (pyrogenic exotoxin)
How do animal viruses enter a host cell
endocytosis
How do animal viruses exit a host cell
exocytosis
lysis
Naked Viruses penetrate by
endocytosis
Enveloped viruses penetrate by
membrane fusion
In Vitro vs in vivo
Vitro= “within glass”
vivo = “within the living”
normal cells form
monolayer and stick to glass or plastic
transformed cells (tumor cells)
pile on top of each other
Primary cell line
only last 15-20 passages before they die out
diploid cell line
50 passages
continuous cell ine
can be cultured indefinitely (HeLa cells)
cytopathic effect
causing cells to deteriorate as they multiply
(grainy, irregular clusters, cell enlargment)
inclusion bodies
particles of aggregated proteins (dense and spherical)
syncytia
multinucleate (lots of fusions of unicellular masses)
Oncogenic Viruses
Hepatitis B
Epstein Barr
Human papilloma virus
EBV
causes Burkitt’s lymphoma
aggressive
most common cause of childhood cancer in central Africa
effects jaw, CNS, bowel, kidneys, ovaries, etc.
HPV
causes warts, usually benign but can become carcinomas
Shingles
Caused by reactivation of chicken pox (Varicella zoster virus)
latent virus
unilateral rash
Simplexvirus (HHV-1/-2)
latent virus
effects mouth and genital area
Acyclovir
treats symptoms of chickenpox, shingles, and herpes virus
Rubeola
Measles
high fever, cough, runny nose, and watery eyes appear 7-14 days after infection. Koplik spots and a rash will also appear
Rubella
German Measles
a less intense version of Rubeola
Viroids
circular RNA molecule with a. single and double-stranded regions
mostly plant pathogens
80x smaller than a virus
only human disease is hepatitis d
Prp-C vs Prp-Sc
Prp-C: normal, sensitive to being broken down, mainly in neurons in the brain
Prp-SC: disease-causing form, develops spongiform disease (SC stands for Scrapie, infectious disease in sheep)
Spongiform disease
Astrocytes digest dead neurons created by the Prp-SC leaving holes = spongiform disease (CJD most common spongiform disease in humans)
Prp-Sc acquired by
eating infected tissue
inheriting mutation in the gene for Prp-C
transplants
