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MTLBE > FINALS - Intro to Bioethics and Professional Ethics > Flashcards

FINALS - Intro to Bioethics and Professional Ethics Flashcards

1
Q

greek word that means characteristic way of acting

A

ethos

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2
Q

latin word that means tradition or custom

A

“mos” ; “mores”

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3
Q

includes CULTURAL MANNERISMS, religion, politics, laws, and social aspirations of a group of people

A

ethos

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4
Q

refers to those CHARACTERISTICS belonging to man as a RATIONAL BEING, being endowed with intellect and free-will

A

ethos

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5
Q

man is endowed by nature with a MORAL SENSE

A

ethics

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6
Q

he is self-conscious of his dignity and SUBMITS to the study of DOING WHAT IS GOOD and avoiding what is wrong

A

ethics

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7
Q

defined as the SCIENCE of the MORALITY of human acts and because actions reflect te motives of the doer

A

ethics

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8
Q

the study of HUMAN MOTIVATION, and ultimately of HUMAN RATIONAL BEHAVIOR

A

ethics

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9
Q

these are actions PERFORMED BY MAN, knowingly and freely

A

human acts

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10
Q

also called deliberate, intentional action, or VOLUNTARY ACTION

A

human acts

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11
Q

human acts differentiated from the so called ______ which are instinctive and involuntary

A

acts of man

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12
Q

the QUALITY of human acts by which they are constituted as good, bad, or indifferent

A

morality

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13
Q

That which is good is described as _____
That which is bad is ______
That which is indifferent is ____

A

moral; immoral; amoral

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14
Q

true or false:

amoral is in between moral and immoral

A

true

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15
Q

those we do VOLUNTARILY

A

human acts

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16
Q

the STANDARDS of morality

A

norms

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17
Q

standard or NORMS of morality ethics or ethics in general

A

morality

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18
Q

MANIFESTATIONS of one’s CHARACTER or moral conduct

A

human acts

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19
Q

reveal the thoughts and INCLINATIONS of a person doing them

A

human acts

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20
Q

a person who has the habit or inclination to do GOOD is said to be ______ and the one who has the habit of doing WRONG is _____

A

virtuous; vicious

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21
Q

this pronounces on individual human acts in a word of CONSCIENCE

A

human reason

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22
Q

this is the DIVINE REASON

A

eternal law

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23
Q

this is the HUMAN REASON

A

the conscience

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24
Q

human acts are _____ when they agree with the dictates of reason

A

good

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25
Q

human acts are ____ when they do not agree with the dictates of divine and human reasons

A

evil

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26
Q

the human standard based on the NATURAL LAW which is embedded in man’s conscience and which GUIDES him to do good or avoid evil

A

morality

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27
Q

doing an act which is CONTRARY to GOOD CONSCIENCE

A

immorality

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28
Q

includes everything which is done CONTRARY TO JUSTICE, or GOOD MORAL

A

moral turpitude

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29
Q

defined as “the CONDUCT which is willful, FLAGRANT, and which shows a moral influence to the opinion of the good and respectable member of the community

A

immoral conduct

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30
Q

distinguished from GOOD REPUTATION

A

moral character

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31
Q

is not a subjective term, but one which corresponds to OBJECTIVE REALITY

A

moral character

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32
Q

is what A PERSON REALLY IS not what he or other people think he is

A

moral character

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33
Q

the basis of medical technology ethics is the ____

A

1968 code of ethics of medical technology or the PAMET

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34
Q

code of ethics of medtech is revised under the presidency of ____ in year ____

A

marilyn atienza; 1992

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35
Q

the SUPREME LAW of the land, to which all laws, rules, and regulations must conform

A

philippines constitution

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36
Q

revised medtech code of ethics in 1997 by _____

A

norma nunez chang (march 7, 1997)

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37
Q

in-depth review and analysis done by the PRC committee ____

A

hon. marian tantingco, hon. marilyn atienza; year 2012

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38
Q

presented the analysis based on ethical principles and theories

A

zenaida cajucom

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39
Q

current president of the PASMETH

A

bernard ebuen

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40
Q

the branch of MORAL SCIENCE that treats the duties of a MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIST owes to his patient, colleagues in the profession and in the public

A

medical technology ethics

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41
Q

etymologically is related to anglo-saxon word from which are derived not only “healing” but also “holiness and wholeness”

A

health

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42
Q

considered dynamically as FUNCTIONAL WHOLE, in which all necessary functions are present and acting cooperatively and harmoniously

A

health

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43
Q

the state of being in which an individual does the best with the CAPACITIES he has and acts in ways that maximizes capacities

A

health

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44
Q

the RANGE from one individual is SMALL

A

temperature

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45
Q

the DIFFERENCE may be LARGE

A

weight

46
Q

not the exact CONTRARY TO HEALTH

A

disease and infirmity

47
Q

less than optimal functioning soon leads to _____

A

dysfunction

48
Q

this regards diseases as SEPARATE ENTITIES that can be classified and named like plants and animals

A

ontological

49
Q

it supports the theory that the organism constantly fights to THROW OFF SUCH DISEASES as alien invaders which disturb its homeostasis

A

ontological

50
Q

this views disease as a BREAKDOWN OF THE INTERNAL HARMONY of the organic system due to hyperfunctioning or hypofunctioning

A

physiological

51
Q

the central tradition of medicine usually identified with that of the greek physician ______ has always tried to reconcile the ontogical and physiological concepts of disease

A

hippocrates

52
Q

the physiologists are correct in thinking of health as an internal _____ or harmony within the organism and ______ disease as an imbalance

A

homeostasis; disease

53
Q

from the physiological POV, this is always the result of disease

A

death

54
Q

true or false:

death is said to be NATURAL

A

false; it cannot be natural

55
Q

true or false:

death is due to INJURIES done to organism from the environment, not from any intrinsic tendency

A

true

56
Q

this is one that MAINTAINS itself perpetually when NOT DISTURBED

A

homeostatic system

57
Q

ethics is ____ because it implies DIRECTION

A

practical

58
Q

ethics is ____ because it deals with complete and systematically arranged BODY OF DATA and presents the reason which show these data to be true

A

science

59
Q

ethics is _____ because it is related to the dictates of REASON, how it should be

A

moral

60
Q

ethics is of _____ because it deals with deliberate and FREE HUMAN ACTIVITY and how one should act

A

human conduct

61
Q

bio means

A

life

62
Q

ethics means

A

morality

63
Q

the branch of ethics which deals directly with the problems of LIFE AND DYING, of HEALTH and of HEALING

A

bioethics

64
Q

an attempt to rationalize application and use of the many advances in medicine and paramedical sciences

A

bioethics

65
Q

division of ethics that relates to HUMAN LIFE

A

bioethics/health ethics

66
Q

______ is more limited as it continues itself to the MORAL BEHAVIOR in relation to HEALTH

A

health ethics

67
Q

the division of ethics that relates to PROFESSIONAL BEHAVIOR

A

professional ethics

68
Q

____ is creative because he possesses tremendous BODILY and SPIRITUAL POWERS

A

man

69
Q

acts TRANSFORMING HIMSELF in the world around him every minute of his life

A

man

70
Q

instinctive and are NOT WITHIN THE CONTROL OF THE WILL

A

the acts of man

71
Q

to do or leave it undone WITHOUT COERCION or constraint

A

freedom

72
Q

implies VOLUNTARINESS which is to rationally choose the object by deliberate will

A

freedom

73
Q

true or false:

voluntariness implies freedom

A

false: does not necessarily imply freedom

74
Q

performed by an agent that is by his OWN VOLITION and powers

A

freedom

75
Q

must be performed by an agent who DECIDES willfully to perform the act

A

willfulness

76
Q

proximate norm of morality because it is what DIRECTLY CONFRONTS an action as good or bad

A

conscience

77
Q

conscience is derived from the latin work “conscientia” which means?

A

trial of oneself

78
Q

the PERSONAL PRACTICAL JUDGEMENT of reason upon a particular individual act as good and to be performed or as evil and to be avoided

A

conscience

79
Q

this is called a reproving conscience

A

guilty conscience

80
Q

involved in making balanced moral decisions

A

affection, will, and reason

81
Q

judges CORRECTLY that what is good as good and what is evil as evil

A

correct/true conscience

82
Q

judges INCORRECTLY that what is good as evil and what is evil is good

A

erroneous/false conscience

83
Q

erroneous conscience whose error is NOT WILLFULLY INTENDED (ignorance)

A

inculpable conscience

84
Q

whose error is DUE TO NEGLECT or MALICE (voluntary error)

A

culpable conscience

85
Q

a SUBJECT ASSURANCE of the lawfulness or unlawfulness of a certain act

A

certain conscience

86
Q

is a VACILLATING CONSCIENCE, unable to form definite judgement on a certain action

A

doubtful conscience

87
Q

is a RIGOROUS CONSCIENCE, extremely afraid of committing evil

A

scrupulous conscience

88
Q

a meticulous and wants incovertible PROOFS before it acts

A

scrupulous conscience

89
Q

is one which REFUSES TO BE BOTHERED about the distinction of good and evil

A

lax conscience

90
Q

_____ explains profession in terms of social value

A

robert merton

91
Q

the value placed upon SYSTEMATIC knowledge and intellect

A

knowing

92
Q

the value placed upon technical SKILLS and trained capacity

A

doing

93
Q

the value upon putting his CONJOINT knowledge and skill to word in the service of others

A

helping

94
Q

they used scale to define professional based 6 operational attributes

A

moore and rosenblum

95
Q

a CARING RELATIONSHIP wherein healthcare provider and receiver have a sense of loneliness, fulfillment, and growth, assisting eac other and at the same time recognizing each other’s importance, uniqueness, complexity feeling and needs

A

trust

96
Q

the OBLIGATION TO PROVIDE HEALTHCARE belonging to the individual patient, the individual healthcare professional or society/government

A

healthcare provision

97
Q

based on the conviction that GOD HAS ENDOWED all human beings with one common nature, which remains essentially the same throughout all history from Adam and Eve to the last judgement

A

christian ethics

98
Q

this demanded that human b eing SHOULD NOT DESTROY the garden of the world and the template of their own bodies which were given to cultivate and care for

A

stewardship

99
Q

it refers to the WHOLE

A

totality

100
Q

to promote human dignity in community, every person must develop, use, care for and preserve ALL OF HIS/HER NATURAL PHYSICAL AND PSYCHIC FUNCTIONS in such a way that lower functions are never sacrificed except for the better functioning of the whole person and even then with an effort to compensate for this sacrifice

A

principle of totality

101
Q

contribute to HIGHER FUNCTIONS, not only physiologic brain functions but also part of the human experience

A

human body functions

102
Q

develops one’s SELF-AWARENESS and relation to the community

A

bodily feelings

103
Q

these can always be sacrificed for more basic ones

A

secondary functions

104
Q

cannot be destroyed to promote even more important capacities except when it is the only way to preserve the life of the WHOLE person

A

primary/basic functional capacities

105
Q

to form a good conscience when an act is foreseen to have BOTH ETHICALLY BENEFICIAL and PHYSICALLY HARMFUL EFFECTS

A

effect (double effect)

106
Q

the PARTICIPATION of one agent with another agent to produce a particular effect or joint effect

A

cooperation

107
Q

SECONDARY AGENT WILLINGLY participates

A

formal cooperation

108
Q

SECONDARY AGENT DOES NOT willingly participate

A

material

109
Q

the action of the secondary agent is INHERENTLY BOUND

A

material immediate

110
Q

action of the secondary agent is NOT INHERENTLY bound

A

material mediate

111
Q

regulates and harmonizes the exercise of rights between MAN AND MAN

A

commutative justice

112
Q

regulates the exercise of between the INDIVIDUAL AND THE COMMUNITY

A

distributive justice

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