FINALS: Diagnoses and Precautions Flashcards
bony defect in spine in the posterior aspect of the vertebra and the facet joints are not connected to the body (pars interarticularis)
Common in gymnasts and football linemen
Spondylolysis
Anterior slippage of a vertebra over an inferior vertebra. Has 5 grades. Usually occurs at L4 over L5 or L5 over S1
Spondylolisthesis
Motion of _______ is contraindicated for Tx in pts with spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis.
No mobilization at the affected level or level above and below.
extension
Spinal precautions:
No Bending, Lifting, or Twisting
Any lateral curvature of the cervical, thoracic, and/or lumbar spine. Rotation will also occur.
Rib hump increases with flexion
Scoliosis
Irreversible lateral curve of the spine with fixed rotation of the vertebrae. Not corrected by changes in pt’s position or during active voluntary activities
structural scoliosis
Lateral curve in spine that dissipates with positional changes. Usually associated with mm imbalances, overuse or repetitive positioning. Reversible.
Non-structural scoliosis
Fracture of the vertebral body often occurring in the elderly or as a result of trauma in the younger population. Usually occurs in lower thoracic or upper lumbar spine.
compression fractures
4 common types of compression fractures:
- crush
- wedge
- burst
- shear
nucleus bulges against an intact annulus in the spine.
disc protrusion
Ine the spine, the nucleus extends through the annulus, but the nuclear material remains confined by the posterior longitudinal ligament
disc extrusion
In the spine, the nucleus propulsus is free within the spinal canal.
Sequestrated disc
AKA annular tear
pressure on a nerve root. Can cause LBP with or without LE symptoms, or LE symptoms only, radicular dermatomal pattern symptoms, disturbances in motor function, loss of reflexes.
nerve root impingement
L-spine red flags (3)
- neurological symptoms
- bowel and bladder incontinence
- saddle anesthesia
