FINALS COVERAGE Flashcards
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease
HEALTH
A deletrious change in the body’s condition in response to an environmental factor that could be nutritional, chemical, biological or psychological
DISEASE
4 Factors that cause morbidity and mortality of a person
- DIET AND NUTRITION
- STRESS
- INFECTIOUS ORGANISMS
- TOXIC CHEMICALS
Refers to physical, chemical, or emotional factors that place a strain on an organism for which there is inadequate adaptation
STRESS
Is 43% of all disease deaths annually
INFECTIOUS ORGANISMS
Pneumonia, tuberculosis, influenza, whopping cough, cause more deaths worldwide
RESPIRATORY DISEASES
Diarrhea, dysentery, and cholera, are caused by bacteria or protozoans. Caused by poor nutrition, poor sanitation, immune system
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS
Bacteria that causes diseases. They can enter food supply (food borne illnesses) that cause nausea, vomiting, fever, diarrhea
PATHOGENS
Transmitted by mosquitoes
MALARIA/DENGUE/FILARIASIS
Transmitted by the bite of black flies
ONCHOCERCIASIS
An eye disease caused by bacterium found where sanitation is poor
TRACHOMA
Hookworm & Roundworms
PARASITIC NEMATODES
Can live for a year while growing up to 3 ft. in length
GUINEA WORMS
Disease never known before or one that has been absent for at least 20 years. Ex. Ebola
EMERGENT DISEASE
Spread by contact with certain bodily fluids of a person with HIV, commonly during unprotected sex or through sharing injection drug equipment
HIV/AIDS
Means dangerous, flammable, explosive, irritants, acids, & caustics
HAZARDOUS
Are poisonous, react with a specific cellular component to kill cells.
TOXINS
Are corrosives, caustics. Ex. sulfuric acids, ammonia, nitric acid, sodium hydroxide, fumes of metals
IRRITANTS
A special class of irritants that damage the lungs, causing scar tissue formation that lowers respiratory capacity
RESPIRATORY FIBROTIC AGENTS
Chemicals & radiation that damage or alter genetic material in cells, can lead to birth defects
MUTAGENS
Type of radiation that has the largest mass of all forms of radiation. They are positively charged. They can travel only a few centimeters in air. Cannot penetrate skin, but when inhaled, can damage the cells and their chromosomes
ALPHA RADIATION
Pure nitrogen, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen cyanide.
ASPHYXIANTS
Attack nerves. Examples are ether, chloroform, heavy metals
NEUROTOXINS
Negatively charged particles emitted from nuclei. They are lighter than alpha particles and capable of penetrating a 1 millimeter lead plate. They can cause skin cancer and eye cataract
BETA RADIATION
High energy form of radiation. Do not have mass and charge. Can travel hundreds of meters in the air. Easily penetrates the body and can penetrate lead or walls of cement
GAMMA RADIATION
Sources of radiation
ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCES, NATURAL SOURCES
Cite at least 5 probably effects of radiation on humans
- NAUSEA AND VOMITING
- ANEMIA
- BURNS
- HEART DISEASE
- CANCER
- CATARACT/BLINDNESS
- DEATH
The most visible form of land pollution
SOLID WASTES POLLUTION
Solid wastes are also known as…
“REFUSE”
The most common way of disposing solid waste
OPEN DUMPSITE SYSTEM
Effects of Garbage/Land Pollution
EROSION AND FLOODING, PERIL’S ON PEOPLE’S HEALTH
Provides the legal framework for the country’s systematic, comprehensive, and ecological solid waste management program that shall ensure protection of public health and the environment
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9003 OR THE “ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ACT”
Causes of water pollution
- DISEASE-CAUSING AGENTS
- OXYGEN DEMANDING WASTES
- WATER SOLUBLE INORGANIC CHEMICALS
- INORGANIC PLANT NUTRIENTS
A strong poison that is taken by small fishes and other living animals when discharged from industrial plant into rivers and streams
MERCURY
Aims to protect the countries water bodies from pollution from land-based sources.
THE PHILIPPINE CLEAN WATER ACT OF 2004 (REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9275)
Cadmium poisoning can cause ________ where bones become brittle
ITAI-ITAI
An undesirable charge in the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of an ecosystem that injures and kills living organisms & makes part of the ecosystem unfit for use
POLLUTION
Product of incomplete combustion
CARBON MONOXIDE
The maximum allowable carbon monoxide concentration for healthy workers
50 mg/l
Can be formed from respiration and burning of fossil fuels
CARBON DIOXIDE
When a coal and oil are burned for heat and power, this is produced as a by product in process
SULFUR OXIDES
Produced by any combustion process that occurs in air
NITROGEN OXIDE
Is known as killer ozone
CHLOROFLOUROCARBON (CFC)
An act providing for a comprehensive air pollution control policy and for other purposes
CLEAN AIR ACT OF 1999 (R.A. NO. 8749)
It is considered a pollutant when it is present in an amount and intensify that causes psychological stress and physiological damage
NOISE
Unit of sound measurment
DECIBEL
A type of smoking that the smoker inhales the smoke by itself
ACTIVE
Inhaling the smoke by non-smoker
PASSIVE
Comes from the lungs of people exhaling smoke
EXHALED MAINSTREAM SMOKE
Wafts coming from burning tip of cigarette. More dangerous because it does not pass any filtration
SIDE STREAM SMOKE
Alcohol that is present in beer and wine
ETHYL ALCOHOL, GRAIN ALCOHOL
A chronic disorder characterized by an uncontrollable need to drink alcoholic beverages
ALCOHOLISM
Bacteria that can cause food poisoning
CLOSTRIDIUM BOTOLINUM
Contains aflatoxin which can cause liver cancer
PEANUT/PEANUT BUTTER
Present in hairspray
CHLOROFLOUROCARBON (CFC)
Used for breast enlargment
SILICONE
Present in shampoo, creams, ointments can cause allergic contact dermatitis
LANOLIN
Present in lipstick
LEAD
Dye used in lipstick can cause lip dermatitis
EOSIN
Liquid monomer in artificial fingernails can cause allergy
METHYL METHACRYLATE
Present in nail polish
TOLUENE
Present in perfume
PSORALEN
Mercury poisoning
MINAMATA DISEASE
Poisoning caused by eating contaminated fish
PARALYTIC SHELLFISH POISONING
