Finals Chapter 10-11 Flashcards
Interest groups
any formal association of individuals or organizations that attempt to influence government decision-making and the making of public policy
Public + Private
Free riders
those not taking action in a group
Grassroots movement
organizations that start from the ground up with only a few members; most interest groups
Changes to US Interest groups
Increase in the number and types of groups
-specialization + fragmentation of groups
-Increase of professionalism
Lobbying Disclosure Act 1995
defined who can and cannot lobby, and requires lobbyists and interest groups to register with the federal government
Honest Leadership & Open Government Act 2007
further increased the restrictions on lobbying
Functions of Congress (5)
- represent the views of constituents
-be of service to constituents
-provide oversight of the actions of president/admin
-provide public education + programs, set policy
-find solutions to problems
Bicameralism
the practice of having 2 legislative chambers (Senate + House of Representatives)
- have to pass identical bills
Gerrymandering
manipulative dividing of election boundaries to give the majority advantage to one party
Congressional apportionment
uses a mathematical formula to allocate seats based on U.S Census Bureau population data
- achieved thru equal proportions method
Super PAC
cannot give money directly to a candidate/party, but can spend and raise unlimited funds
2002 McCain-Feingold Act
placed limits on total contributions to policitcla parties, prohibited coordination between candidates and PAC
Delegate model
refers to representative who seems him/herself empowered merely to enact the wishes of, and to make decisions on behalf of the constituent
Politico model
member of congress who acts as a trustee/delegate, based on rational political calculations about how the nation is best being served
Descriptive model
representative who is rooted in his or her own race, gender, sexuality, identity
Descriptive representation
rooted in the racial, ethic, socioeconomic, and identity of representatives themselves
Collective representation
describes the relationship between Congress and US as a whole. Whether the whole population is being represented properly.
Forces affecting congressional approval ratings
-higher ratings when things are getting done
- high unemployment rate= lower approval rating
- war brings approval ratings up
The ____ is the most important leadership position
speaker; viewed as administrative head and gives direction
Millennials are more likely to vote ____.
democrats
Lobbyist
an individual tasked with representing an org. in front of the government
Campaign Expenditures and Free Speech Argument
expedentures is a form of free speech, unlimited funds but must report them to the commerece
