Finals Chapter 10-11

Question 1

Interest groups

Answer 1

any formal association of individuals or organizations that attempt to influence government decision-making and the making of public policy
Public + Private

Question 2

Free riders

Answer 2

those not taking action in a group

Question 3

Grassroots movement

Answer 3

organizations that start from the ground up with only a few members; most interest groups

Question 4

Changes to US Interest groups

Answer 4

Increase in the number and types of groups
-specialization + fragmentation of groups
-Increase of professionalism

Question 5

Lobbying Disclosure Act 1995

Answer 5

defined who can and cannot lobby, and requires lobbyists and interest groups to register with the federal government

Question 6

Honest Leadership & Open Government Act 2007

Answer 6

further increased the restrictions on lobbying

Question 7

Functions of Congress (5)

Answer 7

• represent the views of constituents
  -be of service to constituents
  -provide oversight of the actions of president/admin
  -provide public education + programs, set policy
  -find solutions to problems

Question 8

Bicameralism

Answer 8

the practice of having 2 legislative chambers (Senate + House of Representatives)
- have to pass identical bills

Question 9

Gerrymandering

Answer 9

manipulative dividing of election boundaries to give the majority advantage to one party

Question 10

Congressional apportionment

Answer 10

uses a mathematical formula to allocate seats based on U.S Census Bureau population data
- achieved thru equal proportions method

Question 11

Super PAC

Answer 11

cannot give money directly to a candidate/party, but can spend and raise unlimited funds

Question 12

2002 McCain-Feingold Act

Answer 12

placed limits on total contributions to policitcla parties, prohibited coordination between candidates and PAC

Question 13

Delegate model

Answer 13

refers to representative who seems him/herself empowered merely to enact the wishes of, and to make decisions on behalf of the constituent

Question 14

Politico model

Answer 14

member of congress who acts as a trustee/delegate, based on rational political calculations about how the nation is best being served

Question 15

Descriptive model

Answer 15

representative who is rooted in his or her own race, gender, sexuality, identity

Question 16

Descriptive representation

Answer 16

rooted in the racial, ethic, socioeconomic, and identity of representatives themselves

Question 17

Collective representation

Answer 17

describes the relationship between Congress and US as a whole. Whether the whole population is being represented properly.

Question 18

Forces affecting congressional approval ratings

Answer 18

-higher ratings when things are getting done
- high unemployment rate= lower approval rating
- war brings approval ratings up

Question 19

The ____ is the most important leadership position

Answer 19

speaker; viewed as administrative head and gives direction

Question 20

Millennials are more likely to vote ____.

Answer 20

democrats

Question 21

Lobbyist

Answer 21

an individual tasked with representing an org. in front of the government

Question 22

Campaign Expenditures and Free Speech Argument

Answer 22

expedentures is a form of free speech, unlimited funds but must report them to the commerece