Finals Chapter 10-11 Flashcards

1
Q

Interest groups

A

any formal association of individuals or organizations that attempt to influence government decision-making and the making of public policy
Public + Private

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2
Q

Free riders

A

those not taking action in a group

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3
Q

Grassroots movement

A

organizations that start from the ground up with only a few members; most interest groups

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4
Q

Changes to US Interest groups

A

Increase in the number and types of groups
-specialization + fragmentation of groups
-Increase of professionalism

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5
Q

Lobbying Disclosure Act 1995

A

defined who can and cannot lobby, and requires lobbyists and interest groups to register with the federal government

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6
Q

Honest Leadership & Open Government Act 2007

A

further increased the restrictions on lobbying

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7
Q

Functions of Congress (5)

A
  • represent the views of constituents
    -be of service to constituents
    -provide oversight of the actions of president/admin
    -provide public education + programs, set policy
    -find solutions to problems
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8
Q

Bicameralism

A

the practice of having 2 legislative chambers (Senate + House of Representatives)
- have to pass identical bills

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9
Q

Gerrymandering

A

manipulative dividing of election boundaries to give the majority advantage to one party

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10
Q

Congressional apportionment

A

uses a mathematical formula to allocate seats based on U.S Census Bureau population data
- achieved thru equal proportions method

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11
Q

Super PAC

A

cannot give money directly to a candidate/party, but can spend and raise unlimited funds

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12
Q

2002 McCain-Feingold Act

A

placed limits on total contributions to policitcla parties, prohibited coordination between candidates and PAC

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13
Q

Delegate model

A

refers to representative who seems him/herself empowered merely to enact the wishes of, and to make decisions on behalf of the constituent

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14
Q

Politico model

A

member of congress who acts as a trustee/delegate, based on rational political calculations about how the nation is best being served

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15
Q

Descriptive model

A

representative who is rooted in his or her own race, gender, sexuality, identity

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16
Q

Descriptive representation

A

rooted in the racial, ethic, socioeconomic, and identity of representatives themselves

17
Q

Collective representation

A

describes the relationship between Congress and US as a whole. Whether the whole population is being represented properly.

18
Q

Forces affecting congressional approval ratings

A

-higher ratings when things are getting done
- high unemployment rate= lower approval rating
- war brings approval ratings up

19
Q

The ____ is the most important leadership position

A

speaker; viewed as administrative head and gives direction

20
Q

Millennials are more likely to vote ____.

A

democrats

21
Q

Lobbyist

A

an individual tasked with representing an org. in front of the government

22
Q

Campaign Expenditures and Free Speech Argument

A

expedentures is a form of free speech, unlimited funds but must report them to the commerece