finals cardio Flashcards
how long are unprovoked PEs treated for?
6 months
what does a 3rd HS indicate?
(diastolic filling of ventricle)
- normal if <30 y
- LV failure (eg dilated cardiomyopathy) #
- constrictive pericarditis
- mitral regurg
»> Sthreee hard to breeeeath
what does a 4th HS indicate?
atrial contraction against stiff ventricle
- aortic stenosis
- HOCM
- hypertension
»> Sfouuur hit the floooor
which biomarker would be most useful to confirm a reinfarction 4-10 days post initial MI?
CK-MB (creatine kinase myocardial band)
how should a patient with new LBBB be managed?
new LBBB = always pathological
> urgently contact nearest primary percutaneous coronary intervention centre
what type of murmur is associated with VSD?
pansystolic
how does an ASD present (in adulthood)?
fatigue, breathlessness
O/E - ejection systolic murmur louder on inspiration
which class of medication should not be prescribed with verapamil?
beta blockers
> bradycardia and asystole
what is the most common cause of death in patients following an MI?
ventricular fibrillation
which common medication should be suspended when prescribing erythromycin/clarithromycin?
statins
what medication is used for angina prophylaxis?
beta blockers
-> if on verapamil then nicorandil
should chest compressions continue while the defib is charging?
yes
what is the management for patients with NSTEMI and a grace score >3%?
coronary angiography within 72h of admission
what does electrical alternans on ecg indicate?
cardiac tamponade
what can be prescribed if angina is not controlled with a beta blocker?
CCB eg amlodipine
how is acute heart failure managed?
- IV loop diuretics
- oxygen (94-98%)
- vasodilators (nitrates), if concomitant myocardial ischaemia, severe htn, or regurgitant aortic or mitral valve disease
»> contraindicated in hypotension
how do you manage warfarin therapy in patients having emergency surgery?
give four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate 25-50units/kg
what is shown on ECG in hypokalaemia?
- U waves
- small or absent T waves
- prolonged PR
- ST depression
- long QT
in hypokalaemia, U have no Pot(assium) and no T, but a long PR and a long QT, and you’re depressed
what ecg changes are seen in acute pericarditis?
widespread saddle shaped st elevation
PR depression
what can give a falsely low BNP result?
being on ramipril for BP
what is the management for native valve endocarditis?
IV amoxicillin
