Finals: antibacterial drugs Flashcards
Agent that kills bacteria or inhibit the growth of bacteria
Antibacterial agents
Ability of the drug to injure a target cell or target organism without injuring other cells or organisms.
Selective toxicity
Antibiotic combinations where effect is doubled
Additive
Antibiotic combinations where one potentiates effect of other
Potentiative
Antibiotic combinations where if one bactericidal and one bacteriostatic, desired effect is diminished.
Antagonistic
Antibacterial agents adverse effects are _____________ and ______________
Superinfection and organ toxicity
Narrow spectrum is primarily effective against ____ ________ type
one bacteria
Broad spectrum is effective against ________ and __________
gram + and gram -
Drug given for severe allergic reaction of Antibacterial agents for (due to vasoconstriction effects, prevent laryngeal edema) has bronchodilator effect, cardiac inotropic effect, chronotropic effect.
Epinephrine
given for mild allergic reaction
Antihistamine
Given to prevent infections before they occur
Prophylaxis
Antibacterial drug given to a patient with otitis media, staph infections, UTI, meningitis, and syphilis
Penicillin
Broad amino penicillins are also known as ____________________
aminopenicillins
Which is an example of an aminopenicillin? Select all that apply.
a. amoxicillin
b. penicillin V
c. ampicillin
d. piperacillin
A and C
Extended spectrum penicillin is used to treat?
a. treat cardiovascular disease and respiratory problems
b. treat wounds, infections, and inflammation
c. treat bone, joint, skin, tissue and UTI
C
Extended spectrum penicillins are also called ________________ as they inhibit gram - like pseudomonas aeruginosa
Antipseudomal penicillins
Which are antipseudomal penicillins?
a. Piperacillin
b. amoxicillin
c. penicillin V
A
Which penicillin inhibits beta-lactamase enzyme?
a. Augmentin
b. Zosyn
c. Unasym
d. all of the above
D
What are the 4 types of penicillins?
Basic, broad-spectrum, antipseudomal and beta-lactamase inhibitor penicillins
Antibacterial agent used to treat respiratory, urinary, skin, bone, joint, and genital infections
Cephalosporin
Which is a first generation Cephalosporin?
a. Cefaclor (Ceclor)
b. Cephalexin (Keflex)
c. Cefoperazone (Cefobid)
d. Cefepime (Maxipime)
B
Which is a second generation Cephalosporin?
a. Cefaclor (Ceclor)
b. Cephalexin (Keflex)
c. Cefoperazone (Cefobid)
d. Cefepime (Maxipime)
A
Which is a third generation Cephalosporin?
a. Cefaclor (Ceclor)
b. Cephalexin (Keflex)
c. Cefoperazone (Cefobid)
d. Cefepime (Maxipime)
C
Which is a fourth generation Cephalosporin and most common?
a. Cefaclor (Ceclor)
b. Cephalexin (Keflex)
c. Cefoperazone (Cefobid)
d. Cefepime (Maxipime)
D
Cephalosporin generation that inhibits E. coli
First gen
Cephalosporin generation that inhibits streptococci
Fourth gen
If you give cephalosporin to a patient what are the expected side effects of the medication? Select all that apply.
a. GI distress
b. Headache
c. Swelling
d. increased bleeding
A and D
Why we need to make sure that a patient should not drink alcohol when giving cephalosporin medications?
because it can cause tachycardia, flushing and hypotension (disulfiram-like reaction)
What are our nursing interventions when giving cephalosporin medications?
a. We should give ice chips before giving the medications
b. We should monitor for superinfection
c. Take vitals before and after
d. Get the complete dietary history of the patient
B
Antibacterial drug that is given to moderate to severe infections
Macroslides
Examples of Macroslides
Erythromycin (-mycin)
Mechanism of Action of Erythromycin
a. Kills the bacteria by inhibiting cell wall synthesis
b. Inhibits the protein synthesis of bacteria by breaking the beta-lactam ring
c. Inhibits protein synthesis of bacteria by binding to 50S ribosomal subunit
C
What are the side effects of Macroslides?
a. GI distress, tinnitus, and superinfection
b. Headache, asthma, and dermatitis
c. Vomiting, seizure, and drowsiness
A
Which drug drug interaction of macroslides can increase the risk of sudden cardiac death?
a. Erythromycin with fluconazole
b. Erythromycin with warfarin
c. Erythromycin with antacids
A
Nursing interventions when giving macroslides. Select all that apply.
a. Give macroslides 3 times a day with meals.
b. Administer antacids 2 hours before or after macroslide
c. Give Azithromycin 1 hr before and 2 hrs after meals
B and C
What is the mechanism of action of tetracycline?
a. Treats UTI and inhibits the protein synthesis.
b. Treats nausea and dizziness
c. Inhibits e.coli and streptococci
d. Inhibits protein synthesis and fight helicobacter pylori and treats acne
D
Nursing responsibilities when giving tetracycline. Select all that apply.
a. Administer 4 hr before or 4 hr after meals
b. Do not give to pregnant client and children below 8.
c. Administer 1 hr before or 2 hr after meals
d. Store out of light.
B, C and D
What to avoid when taking tetracycline medications?
Milk, iron and antacids
Which is an aminoglycoside drug?
a. Cefepime and antacids
b. Streptomycin and Gentamicin
c. Erythromycin and Cephalexin
B
Medication that is effective for anaerobic bacteria?
a. Chloramphenicol
b. Sulfonamides
c. Penicillins
A
Side effects of aminoglycosides. Select all that apply.
a. Photosensitivity
b. Ototoxicity
c. Nephrotoxicity
d. hepatotoxicity
A, B and C
Nursing interventions when giving Aminoglycosides.
a. Check pr and rr every 4 hours
b. Monitor hearing function
c. Monitor for orthostatic hypotension
B
Fluroquinolones interfere with ________ ____
Enzyme DNA
Indication of Fluroquinolones medications
For streptococcus, pneumoniae, pseudomonas, and salmonella
what are Fluroquinolones drugs?
a. Cipro and Levaquin
b. Zyrtec and Gentamicin
c. Isoniazid and rifampin
A
what are the side effects of Fluroquinolones drugs?
a. drowsinnes, low bp, and tachycardia
b. vomiting, nausea, and headache
c. Uticaria, gi upset, tinnitus
C
Nursing responsibilities when giving Fluroquinolones drugs. Select all that apply.
a. Give 1 hour before meal.
b. Increased fluid intake to >2000 ml/dl
c. Infused IV over 5 hours
d. Culture and sensitivity
B and D
Sulfonamides inhibit the bacterial synthesis of ________ ______
Folic acid
Common side effects of Sulfonamides.
a. GI distress, photosensitivity, crystalluria
b. Headache, dizziness, low bp
c. Constipation and vomiting
A
What are the nursing interventions when giving Sulfonamides? Select all that apply.
a. Increase fluid intake
b. Monitor the urine output every 12 hours.
c. Tell client to avoid direct sunlight
d. Increase intake of fiber-rich foods
A and C
Use sun block to TAN
What are TAN?
Tetracycline, Aminoglycosides, NSAIDS
EAR no more (tinnitus as SE)
What are EAR?
Erythromycin and aminoglycoside
No TeA for Children
What are TeA
Tetracycline and Aspirin
