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Medicine 1 > Finals > Flashcards

Finals Flashcards

1
Q

Block 1

A
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2
Q

In which layer are the keratohyaline granules found? A. Stratum corneum B. Stratum lucidum C. Stratum granulosum D. Stratum spinosum

A

C. Stratum granulosum D. Stratum spinosum Keratohyalin granules primarily exist within the stratum granulosum, with some present in the stratum spinosum.

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3
Q

10/M brought in by his parents for hair loss. You note that part of his eyelashes are missing too. During the clinic visit he unconsciously and constantly pulls at his hair. The most likely diagnosis is? A. Male pattern baldness B. Tinea capitis C. Telogen effluvium D. Trichotillomania

A

D. Trichotillomania Male pattern baldness - loss of hair on the scalp in men. It happens as hormone levels change over a man’s lifetime Tinea capitis - Caused by superficial fungal infection of the skin on the scalp, eyebrows and eyelashes with a propensity for attacking hair shaft and follicles Telogen effluvium - Hair loss due to high grade fever, stress or trauma Trichotillomania - Hair-pulling disorder that involves recurrent, irresistible urges to pull out hair from the scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes and other parts of the body

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4
Q

Occurs when growth at the nail root (matrix) is interrupted by trauma OR any sever acute illness e.g. heart attack, measles, pneumonia, or fever. A. Terry’s nails B. Oil spot C. Beau’s lines D. Mee’s Lines

A

C. Beau’s lines Terry’s nails - Proximal white nail with narrow distal pink or brown band (0.5 to 3mm). The nail looks opaque and white, but the nail tip has a dark pink to brown band. Oil spot – Red brown discoloration of the nail bed (oil spot sign, salmon patch). Very common in Psoriasis Beau’s lines – Etiology: Temporary cessation of nail growth in the matrix. Transverse depression across the nail plate. These lines emerge from under the nail folds weeks later, and allow us to estimate when the patient was sick Mee’s Lines - Transverse type of true leukonychia caused by systemic disease. Causes: Arsenic poisoning

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5
Q

Which picture best illustrates depigmented patch?

A

(No answer)

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6
Q

Choose the best answer A. Fissure B. Excoriation C. Erosion D. Ulcer

A

C. Erosion

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7
Q

Is this a ___ A. Primary lesion B. Secondary lesion

A

B. Secondary lesion

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8
Q

Choose the best answer A. Vesicle B. Bullae C. Papule D. Nodule

A

B. Bullae

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9
Q

Is this a ___ A. Primary lesion B. Secondary lesion

A

A. Primary lesion

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10
Q

Choose the best answer A. Bullae B. Plaque C. Erosion D. Ulcer

A

D. Ulcer

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11
Q

Is this a ___ A. Primary lesion B. Secondary lesion

A

B. Secondary lesion

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12
Q

Choose the best answer A. Macule B. Patch C. Plaque D. Papule

A

C. Plaque

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13
Q

Is this a ___ A. Primary lesion B. Secondary lesion

A

B. Secondary lesion

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14
Q

Choose the best answer A. Vesicle B. Pustule C. Bullae D. Crust

A

B. Pustule

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15
Q

Is this a ___ A. Primary lesion B. Secondary lesion

A

A. Primary lesion

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16
Q

Choose the best answer A. Macule B. Patch C. Plaque D. Papule

A

A. Macule

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17
Q

Is this a ___ A. Primary lesion B. Secondary lesion

A

A. Primary lesion

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18
Q

This nail finding is commonly found in patients with psoriasis and alopecia areata. A. Beau’s lines B. Oil spot C. Koilonychia D. Nail pitting

A

D. Nail pitting

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19
Q

Usually occurs with over treated hair A. Trichoptilosis B. Trichostasis spinolosa C. Pili torti D. Pili annulati

A

A. Trichoptilosis Trichoptilosis - Split ends Trichostasis spinolosa - common but under-diagnosed disorder of hair follicle and is defined as a follicular disorder resulting from retention of numerous hairs surrounded by a keratinous sheath in dilated follicles Pili torti - Hair is twisted along the long axis Pili annulati - Alternating

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20
Q

Red brown discoloration of the nail bed, also known as salmon patch or oil spot is commonly found in this disease A. Acne vulgaris B. Atopic dermatitis C. Psoriasis vulgaris D. Seborrheic dermatitis

A

C. Psoriasis vulgaris

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21
Q

Nerve sheath tumors, axillary freckling, café au lait macules and lisch nodule on the iris are found in what disease? A. Marfan’s syndrome B. Von Recklinghausen’s disease C. Psedoxanthoma elasticum D. Ehlers Danlos syndrome

A

B. Von Recklinghausen’s disease Von Recklinghausen’s disease – also known as “neurofibromatosis 1” is a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of tumors on the nerves. The disease can also affect the skin and cause bone deformities.

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22
Q

18/M was brought to the emergency room for seizures. On P.E. you note the following findings. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. Neurofibromatosis B. Dermatomyositis C. Tuberous sclerosis D. Ehlers danlos disease

A

C. Tuberous sclerosis

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23
Q

56/M alcoholic, came in consulting for jaundice. During physical exam his fingernails where noted to appear as below. This condition has been associated with underlying pulmonary and CVS diseases as well as neoplastic, infectious and hepatobiliary diseases. What term is used to describe this condition? A. Koilonychias B. Terry’s nails C. Raquet nails D. Fingernail clubbing

A

D. Fingernail clubbing

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24
Q

A 28 year old male comes in for red scaly patches, non-pruritic, non-tender on his palms. His girlfriend who accompanies him has similar lesions on her palms. What laboratory exam should you request to confirm diagnosis A. Treponema pallidum Hemagglutination test B. Tzanck smear C. CBC D. KOH smear

A

A. Treponema pallidum Hemagglutination test Treponema pallidum Hemagglutination test - Treponema pallidum hemagglutination commonly known as TPHA is diagnostic test used to detect the dissolved amount of antibodies in the serum sample of a patient against the causative agents of syphilis. Tzanck smear - chickenpox skin test and the herpes skin test KOH smear – fungal infection

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25
Q

Casal’s necklace is characterized by a pigmented scaly rash over the C3 and C4 dermatome. It is often accompanied by dermatitis, dementia and diarrhea. It is associated with? A. Iron deficiency B. Zinc deficiency C. Vitamin C deficiency D. Vitamin B3 Deficiency

A

D. Vitamin B3 Deficiency

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26
Q

A first year medical student, sustained a small cut on her index finer while dissecting a cadaver who died of complications of Tuberculosis. She later developed a lichenified rough non healing plaque over the area. The most probable diagnosis is? A. Scrofuloderma B. TB verrucosa cutis C. Lupus vulgaris D. Papulonecrotic tuberculid

A

B. TB verrucosa cutis Scrofuloderma – direct extension of tubercle bacilli from an underlying infected lymph node or bone to the skin TB verrucosa cutis - Caused by exogenous re-infection of a previously sensitized individual Lupus vulgaris - Small sharply defined red brown lesions, with a scaly and friable surface Papulonecrotic tuberculid - chronic, recurrent, and symmetric eruption of necrotizing skin papules arising in crops, involving primarily the buttocks and extensor surfaces of the arms and legs. A hallmark of this condition is that lesions heal with varioliform and pitting scarring.

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27
Q

A 45 year old male is noted to have a string pulsations at the uvula synchronous with his heartbeat. Most probable condition? A. Aortic insufficiency B. Ludwig’s angina C. Vincent’s angina D. Quinsy

A

A. Aortic insufficiency

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28
Q

What disease gives patients this impassive, sphinx-like expression of the face? A. Scleroderma B. Parkinson’s disease C. Leprosy D. Grave’s disease

A

B. Parkinson’s disease

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29
Q

Saddle nose deformity is one characteristic of: A. Leprosy B. Rhinophyma C. Lupus eryrhematosus D. Acne rosacea

A

A. Leprosy

30
Q

The description term “coup de sabre” is indicative of: A. Hodgkins’ disease B. Romberg’s disease C. Simmond’s disease D. Grave’s disease

A

B. Romberg’s disease

31
Q

This pathognomonic finding in tetany is elicited by tapping sharply with the finger just in front of the external auditory meatus A. Hypercalcemic sign B. Chvostek’s sign C. Bell’s palsy D. “Coup de grace”

A

B. Chvostek’s sign

32
Q

This syndrome is characterized by a white forelock accompanied by deafness, heavy, eyebrows, and a broad-based nose: A. Wallenburg’s syndrome B. Vanderberg’s syndrome C. Wanderburg’s syndrome D. Waardenburg’s syndrome

A

D. Waardenburg’s syndrome

33
Q

Syndrome due to increased adrenal hormone production characterized by a round or “moon: face and excessive facial hair growth A. Marfan’s syndrome B. Cushing;s syndrome C. Nephrotic syndrome D. Gradenigo’s syndrome

A

B. Cushing;s syndrome

34
Q

This disease can cause atrophy of the trapezius or sternocleidomastoid muscles: A. Meningitis B. Torticollis C. Poliomyelitis D. Wry neck

A

C. Poliomyelitis

35
Q

This finding in aortic aneurysm. Otherwise known as tracheal tug, can be felt by placing the hand over the cricoid cartilage: A. Oliver’s sign B. Martin’s sign C. Cricoid’s sign D. Mark’s sign

A

A. Oliver’s sign

36
Q

Condition wherein patients suddenly lose patches of hair and often awake in the morning to find a handful of hair on the pillow and bald spot on the scalp where the hair fell out: A. Ringworm of the scalp B. Myotonic dystrophy C. Alopecia areata D. Myxedema

A

C. Alopecia areata

37
Q

A hematoma along the mastoid tip indicative of temporal bone fracture: A. Armor sign B. Battle’s sign C. Gray’s sign D. Raccoon sign

A

B. Battle’s sign

38
Q

“Rhagades” which are small, linear scars running out from the mouth and nose A. Congenital tuberculosis B. Congenital herpes C. Congenital leprosy D. Congenital syphilis

A

D. Congenital syphilis

39
Q

A 60 year old male with pigmented spots on his lips and buccal mucosa, fingers and hands has been diagnosed to have Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome A. Colonic malignancies B. Multiple intestinal polyps C. Liver cirrhosis D. Biliary atresia

A

B. Multiple intestinal polyps

40
Q

Syndrome of multiple osteomas of the skull, fibromas, epidermoid cysts, and intestinal polyposis A. Acromegaly B. Gardner’s Syndrome C. Romberg’s Syndrome D. Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

A

B. Gardner’s Syndrome

41
Q

Presence of port-wine nevus on the face and bruits on the ipsilateral skull are seen in: A. Virchow’s disease B. Hodgkin’s disease C. Sturge-Weber Syndrome D. Von Recklinghausen’s disease

A

C. Sturge-Weber Syndrome

42
Q

A 29 year old mechanic presents with a mass, about 3cm x 3cm, at the right upper lateral neck just anterior to the sternocleidomastoid. The mass is tense, firm, non-tender and does not move upward with swallowing. Most likely diagnosis? A. Thyroglossal duct cyst B. Thyromegaly C. Brachial cleft cyst D. Thymus

A

C. Brachial cleft cyst

43
Q

A 6 month old infant is brought for consultation. He has a soft, collapsible, light transmitting tumor at the neck about 6 x 6 inches. Most likely diagnosis? A. Chemodectoma B. Cystic hygroma C. Rhabdomyosarcoma D. Hemangioma

A

B. Cystic hygroma

44
Q

Patients with Klippel-Feil syndrome have a characteristic tilted head position because of: A. Tooth abscess B. Abscess on the neck C. Fusion of cervical vertebrae D. Compensation for poor vision

A

C. Fusion of cervical vertebrae

45
Q

A massive face with craggy eyebrows, prominent nose, and enlarged lower jaw indicates: A. Acromegaly B. Cushing’s syndrome C. Steeple skull syndrome D. Apert’s syndrome

A

A. Acromegaly

46
Q

This disease of bone produces a characteristic enlargement of the cranial vault resulting to the shape of the head resembling that of an acorn: A. Paget’s disease B. Gardner’s syndrome C. Rickets D. Steeple head

A

A. Paget’s disease

47
Q

In this condition, also known as pseudoxanthoma elasticum, the skin is flexible and elastic, allowing the face to be distorted when the skin is stretched: A. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome B. Marfan’s syndrome C. Paget’s disease D. Klippel-Feil syndrome

A

A. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

48
Q

The to-and-fro bobbing of the head synchronous with the heartbeat in aortic insufficiency: A. Musset’s sign B. Chorea C. Sunset sign D. Gardner’s sign

A

A. Musset’s sign

49
Q

A monilial infection of the labial commissures that occurs particularly in children but also in adults, producing thickening and desquamation of the epithelium of the corners of the mouth often results in fissures: A. Leukopenia B. Herpes labialis C. Chancre D. Perleche

A

B. Herpes labialis

50
Q

Most significant examination modality in evaluating tumors of the neck: A. Percussion B. Inspection C. Auscultation D. Palpation

A

D. Palpation

51
Q

A 58 year old female patient was noted to be exhibiting sudden, unexpected movements of the head, often accompanied by facial grimaces during an outpatient visit. Most likely diagnosis? A. Habit spasm B. Apert’s sign C. Parkinson’s disease D. Klippel-Feil syndrome

A

A. Habit spasm

52
Q

30 pack years smoking history A. Past medical history B. Chief complaint C. Personal history D. History of present illness

A

C. Personal history

53
Q

Roman catholic A. General data B. Past medical history C. Family history D. History of present illness

A

A. General data

54
Q

It started as a running nose 1 week ago A. Review of systems B. History of present illness C. Social history D. Past medical history

A

B. History of present illness

55
Q

I had appendectomy 5 years ago A. Personal history B. Family history C. Social history D. Past medical history

A

D. Past medical history

56
Q

I took paracetamol yesterday due to fever A. History of present illness B. Past medical history C. Personal history D. General data

A

A. History of present illness

57
Q

My grandmother has hypertension A. Social history B. Family history C. Personal history D. Past medical history

A

B. Family history

58
Q

I have 3 sisters and 1 brother A. Social history B. Review of systems C. Family history D. Personal history

A

C. Family history

59
Q

Informant was the daughter with 86% reliability A. Past medical history B. Social history C. Personal data D. General data

A

D. General data

60
Q

I work as a carpenter A. Family history B. Social history C. Personal history D. Past medical history

A

B. Social history C. Personal history

61
Q

The reason why I had myself be admitted is because of watery stools A. Chief complaint B. Past medical history C. History of present illness D. Personal history

A

A. Chief complaint

62
Q

I consume 4 bottles of beer every week A. Past medical history B. Social history C. Family history D. Personal history

A

B. Social history D. Personal history

63
Q

Do you have blurring of vision? A. Past medical history B. Social history C. Personal history D. Review of systems

A

D. Review of systems

64
Q

I had a sore throat a day prior to consultation A. Private history B. History of present illness C. Past medical history D. Personal history

A

B. History of present illness

65
Q

Water is being supplied by a deep well A. Social history B. Personal history C. Past medical history D. Review of systems

A

A. Social history B. Personal history

66
Q

Consists of a list of one or more symptoms causing the major discomfort A. Past medical history B. Review of systems C. History of present illness D. Chief complaint

A

C. History of present illness

67
Q

This part is the heat of the diagnostic history A. Chief complaint B. History of present illness C. Personal history D. Past medical history

A

B. History of present illness

68
Q

Should be brief so that it is easily read and digested by the author and subsequent readers A. History of present illness B. Personal history C. General data D. Past medical history

A

A. History of present illness

69
Q

Significance may be appreciated after future developments in the patient’s condition A. Chief complaint B. History of present illness C. Past medical history D. Personal history

A

C. Past medical history

70
Q

Helps you make a critical review of the history in inquiring for patient symptoms associated with each system or anatomic region A. Past medical history B. Review of systems C. Personal history D. History of personal illness

A

B. Review of systems

Medicine 1 (7 decks)

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