Finals Flashcards
Communication
The process of mutual creation of meaning. How we know ourselves and how we let others know us.
Bureaucracy
Norms,ranks,roles,and controls of an origination.
Feedback loops
Circular communication process.
Power distance
Managing status and hheirarchy
Discrimination
Overly excluding, avoiding, or distancing oneself from another.
Ethnocentrism
Belief that one`s own culture is the best.
Grapevine
Informal chin of communication in originations.
Chauvinism
Believing that oneself is superior to others.
Globalization
Increasing world wide operations of companies.
Protocol
Detailed method to achieve goals.
Rank
Hierarchal structure of the group.
Roles
As a group member, having certain responsibilities and tasks.
Democratic
A type of leadership that promotes individual involvement in a group.
Laissez-faire
A type of leader that provides little guidance or leadership.
Groupthink
When voices in a group are suppressed by pressure from others.
Systems theory
Each member has an effect on the functioning of the whole.
Power
The ability or authority to move others to a desired action.
Structuration Theory
The way we routinely communicate in and about the groups we belong to.
Group Cohesion
Binds members together as they accept their membership and duties.
Sentiment-based Cohesion: relies on the relational closeness of the group {Ex a group of friends}
Reward based cohesion: is built on the idea that member are in someway rewarded for the successful completion of the task.
Assignment based cohesion:goal oriented group members work together towards a specific goal.
Dependency based cohesion:a larger group is devised into smaller groups to complete specific tasks.
Group brakedown
When conflict emerges among members causing deterioration
Factors like normative confusion, rank ineffectiveness groupthink contribute to group brake down.
Normative Confusion
Occurs when the groups rules and expectations have not been clearly defined or established.
Rank Ineffectiveness
Group members question the legitimacy of messages transmuted by those in positions of authority.
Systems Theory
Groups operate as systems in which all members are interdependent.
- Each member has an effect on the functioning of the whole.
- Each member is affected by at least one other member in the group.
- All possible subgroups of members also have the first two properties.
Leadership
When an individual influences group members to achieve a common goal.
Authoritarian leader
Does not accept input from members and maintains compleat control of the group.
Socialization
How we learn to be members of a group.
Controls
Rewards, punishments,or behavioral consequences a group faces.
Dynamics
How a group structures itself to achieve its goal
Norms
Rules that govern a group
Small groups
Collection of 3-15 people with a common purpose
Primary Group
Group offering affection and belonging.
Five Stages of Group Development
Forming: members of the group meeting for the first time.
Storming: the stage were group members experience conflict.
Norming:member begin working together toward a common goal.
Performing:the group begins to reach and complete its goals.
Adjourning:the stage when members depart from one another and work on a specific task.
Intercultural communication
Interactions between people whose cultural perceptions and symbol systems are different enough to influence the communication
Majority-minority country
When there is no signal racial or ethnic majority among a country`s population.
Obsticles of intercultural communication
Stereotypes: a generalization about people places or things.
Labeling: describing an individual using names we believe describe them.
Prejudice: negative attitude toward a group based on little or no experience.
Discrimination:overly excluding, avoiding, or distancing oneself from another group.
Chauvinism: believing oneself to be superior to others.
Ethnocentrism:belief that one`s culture is the best.
In-group
People who we identified with
Out-group
A group seen as other than ones own
Social identity theory
The idea that a person does not have a single personality but multiple the correspond to their different groups.
Identity negotiation theory
The idea that our identities are a product of negotiating our self-identification with other people’s self-identification.
Cultural transformer
Someone who shifts effortlessly among and between multiple cultural mindsets and cultural identities.
Cultural relativism
The belief that people vary in behaviors,feelings,traditions,and values depending on their cultural.
Cultural values
A culture`s gauges for determining right from wrong.
Cultural pluralism
Maintaining the practices and identities of one`s bounded culture.
Assimilation
Identification with or integration into a different culture.
Melting pot
Metaphorical image in which all cultures blend together
Cultural participation
Involving oneself in another culture.
Individualistic vs collective cultures.
Measure of a culture`s commitment to the individual versus the group.
Uncertainty avoidance
A culture`s comfort with difference and ambiguity.
Masculinity / femininity
Measure of a culture`s commitment to gender roles and the characteristics that accompany them
High and low context
Pertains to the amount of meaning derived from the communication context or environment, rather than from spoken communication.
Role-taking
Ability to put oneself in the position of others to better understand them.
Assumptions
Sets of information automatically interpreted as factual
Intercultural communication compliance
The degree of successful meaning making with communicators with different backgrounds.
deviance
ways that violate expected communication norms or rules
self-disclosure
intentionally giving information about yourself
stonewalling
withdrawing from dialog to avoid conflict
depenetration
the deterioration of a relationship
dyad
orentation
affiliations
relashionship formed through alliances
dialogue
full, honest, meaningful exchange of information.
incentives
Motivation to Reduce uncertainty based on comunication
praxis
choices of specific comunication actions
dialectic
tension in need of resolution
euphemism
substituting mild or indirect words.
kinesics
Body movement
proxemics
the use of space and distance to create meaning
face
it expresses your public image
oculesics
the study of pupil dilation in com
denotation
a word`s explicit meaning
haptics
communication through touch
artifacts
shoes and tattos
language
a system of arranged units to create meaning
metaphore
comparison between two things /events that share a commonality
Chroemics
how we use time to communicate
