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Mary's Tests - Spring 2016 > finals!!! > Flashcards

finals!!! Flashcards

1
Q

Bulk forming Laxatives (drug names)

A

metamucil, polycarbophil, methycellulos

take 12 hours to 3 days to work

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2
Q

Stool softeners (drug names)

A

docusate (colace)

take 1-3 days to work

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3
Q

Saline Laxatives (drug names)

A

citrate of magnesium, milk of magnesia

USED FOR BOWEL CLEANSING

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4
Q

Stimulant cathartics (drug names)

A

Bisacodyl, caster oil, senna products

irritates GI mucosa pulling water into the bowel, works quick!!! STRONGEST! can cause electrolyte imbalances

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5
Q

intestinal obstruction leads to..

A

abdominal distention and F&E loss. May lead to strangulation, bowel perforation, necrosis.

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6
Q

S/S of intestinal obstruction

A

abd pain, absolute constipation, abd distention, vomiting, borborygmus,

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7
Q

Peritonitis

A

acute inflammation of peritoneum, caused by bacterial invasion of chemical irritation.

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8
Q

S/S of peritonitis

A

rigid abdomen, vomiting, pain, tenderness, paralytic ileus, increase in WBC

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9
Q

treatment for peritonitis

A

nothing by mouth, NG suction, antibiotics, pain meds

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10
Q

Vasopressin

A

ADH used to increase coronary blood flow and availability of O2 to myocardium; raises blood volume and BP; stress hormone

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11
Q

H2 receptor blocker

A

Histamine: acts on gastric mucosal receptors.
When stimulated it increases the production of HCl acid from parietal cells.
Used to prevent and treat GERD, PUD, esophagitis, GI bleeding
increases the risk for pneumonia

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12
Q

H2RA blocks

A

both basala secretion and gastric secretion stimulated by histamine, acetylcholine, gastrin

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13
Q

Traditional antihistamines (H1 antagonists)

A

do not block gastric acid production and are used to treat allergies

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14
Q

H2 receptor drug names

A

Famotidine, ranitidine, cimetidine, nizatidine

-IDINE (histamine idine)

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15
Q

Antacids contain compounds such as

A

aluminum, mag, calcium

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16
Q

Antacid examples:

A

aluminum hydroxide/mag hydroxide (maalox)
Aluminum hydroxide.mg hydroxide.simethicone (mylanta)
Simethicone (Mylicon) antiflatulant

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17
Q

AE of antacids

A

diarrhea, constipation and can bind with other drugs preventing their absorption

make sure to give meds 1-2 hours before or after other meds

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18
Q

PPI drug examples

A

omeprazole, pantoprazole, lansoprazole, esomeprazole, rabeprazole

ZOLE!!

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19
Q

PPi drugs

A

prevent pumping of gastric acid into the stomach, inhibit daytime and nocturnal HCl, most effective first line drug for PUD and GERD
Minimal AE
increases risk for pneumonia

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20
Q

what two meds increase the risk for pneumonia

A

PPI and H2

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21
Q

Sucralfate

A

binds to normal and ulcerated mucosa and forms a protective layer
prevents and treats duodenal ulcers
acts locally
Dissolves in water and can bind to other drugs preventing their actions so give 2 hours before other meds

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22
Q

Phenothiazides

A 
antiemetic
blocks receptor sites in CTZ
CNS depressant
AE: sedation, cognitive impairment, extrapyramidial reactions
Does NOT WORK ON MOTION SICKNESS
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23
Q

Phenothiazide medication examples

A

chlopromazine, prochloraperazine, promethazine

ZINE!!!

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24
Q

Antihistamines

A

antiemetics
H1 receptor blocker to block acetylcholine in the brain
EFFECTIVE FOR MOTION SICKNESS
AE: similar to anticholinergic effects such as dry mouth, blurred vision, tachycardia, etc

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25
Q

Antihistamine drug names

A

promethazine, dimenhydrinate, scolpamine patch

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26
Q

Promethazine is considered

A

both an antiemetic and phenothiazide

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27
Q

Corticosteroids

A

antiemetic
blocks prostaglandin
used for chemo therapy induced nausea

Benzodiazapine to relive anxiety
lorazepam

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28
Q

Prokinetic agents

A

increases gastric motility, increases acetylcholine release, depletes dopamine,

AE: sedation, restlessness, extrapyramidial sxs

Example: Metoclopramide (Reglan)

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29
Q

Serotonin receptor antagonist

A

antagonize serotonin receptors preventing the action of emetogenic drugs and blocks activation of CTZ

EX: Ondanestrone

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30
Q

antidiarrheal meds: opiate related derivatives

A

decrease intestinal motility
loperamide (Immodium)

AE: antichol; CNS depressant, constipation

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31
Q

antidiarrheal meds: bulk forming laxatives

A

absorb water into gel like mass so firm up liquid stool

EX: psyllium (metamucil)

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32
Q

Antidiarrheal meds: Bismuth salts

A

contains aspirin so make sure they do not have an allergy to aspirin

Has antibacterial and antimicrobial properties

Can cause darkened tongue.

PEPTO BISMOL AND KAOPECTATE

33
Q

Bulk forming laxatives

A

Absorb water to make a gel-like mass and increase size of stool leading to peristalsis

Take 12 hours to 3 days to work

EX: psyillum

34
Q

Stool softener

A

Docusate

decreases surface tension of stool, allowing water to enter stool and can take 1 -3 days to work.

35
Q

Saline Laxatives

A

distend bowel, increase osmotic pressure so water can be retained, stimulates peristalsis and defecation

Short term use for rapid bowel evacuation

CHF patients are at risk for fluid retention

Citrate of Mag and mag hydroxide (Milk of Mag)

36
Q

Stimulant cathartics

A

irritate GI mucosa pulling water into bowel
works quick
strongest!!!

Bisacodyl

37
Q

HAART

A

not a cure for HIV just maintenence drug that will be taken everyday

Increases the CD4 count and decreases the viral load

Start treatment early (350-500) CD4

prevents the HIV transmission

Check CD4 count every 3-12 months

38
Q

NRTIS

A

inhibits reverse transcriptase by entering its protein to prevent viral replication

check CBC often

EX: zidovudine

Mitochondrial toxicity (lactic acidosis, steeatosis, bone marrow suppression)

39
Q

Integrase inhibitor

A

blocks action of integrase so HIV RNA cannot be inserted into host cell DNA.
AE: headache, nausea, vomiting

40
Q

NNRTIS

A

directly binds to reverse transcriptase so virus cannot convert HIV RNA into DNA.

prevents HIV/viral replication

AE: rash, stevens johnson syndrome

41
Q

Protease inhibitor

A

prevents viral mutation
cuts viral proteins into virions

EX: atazanazvir
AE: diarrhea, nausea, muscle weakness, insulin resistance

42
Q

fusion inhibitor

A

prevents HIV from fusing with CD4 cell and blocks HIV from inserting genetic info into CD4

43
Q

Hypertonic IV fluids

A

will tend to cause a fluid shift out of cells and into extracellular spaces such as blood and fluid

Mannitol

used to decrease cellular edema

3%normal saline!

44
Q

hypotonic IV fluids

A

low solute concentration than icells
tends to cause a shift out of extracellular and into intracellular

D5W 0.45, , NaCl or 1/2 NS

Used TKO (to keep open)
used to rehydrate cells
45
Q

Isotonic IV Fluids

A

expands ECF only
does not cause significant fluid or electrolyte shifts

Lactated Ringers and Normal Saline (0.9% NAcl or NS)

Used for fluid volume replacement and expands blood volume

NS is used during blood administration

46
Q

potassium replacement

A

given frequently, KCL given po or IV
IV K must be administered carefully and patient monitored carefully
NO IV PUSH
May give up to 40meq/hr
check K every 4-6 hours
K must be diluted in IV solution
K is irritating to veins so check for phlebitis

47
Q

Sodium polysteryrene

A

should be stopped when the patient is hyperkalemic

48
Q

prednisone uses!

A

allergic or hypersensitivity reactions and blood transfusions,

collagen disorders such as lupus,

dermatologic disorders such as herpes zoster, skin rashes,

endocrine disorders such as adrenocortical insufficiency and can be given to replace or substitute for natural hormones.

49
Q

corticosteroid patient teaching

A

monitor weight frequently and at least weekly during long term maintenance. Later weight gain can mean fluid retention.

dose may need to be increases when patient is sick

50
Q

desmopressin uses

A

can be used to treat diabetes insipidus

51
Q

desmopressin

A

increases water permeability, decreases urine volume and increases osmolality.

ADH medication– IM IV or SubQ

52
Q

assess for what fluid and electrolyte imbalance when taking desmopressin

A

hyponatremiam fluid volume deficit

53
Q

levothyroxine

A

drug of choice for long term treatment of hypothyroidism

increases metabolic rate increaing oxygen consumption, resp rate and heart rate.

suppresses TSH, manages thyroid cancer, hypothyroidism

54
Q

AE of levothyroxine

A

similar to that of hyperthyroidism, cardiac dysrrhythmias, angina pectoris.

SHOULD NOT BE GIVEN WITH ADDISONS

55
Q

PROPYLTHIOURACIL

A

inhibits thyroid hormones, does not interfere with the release of throid hormones previously produced.

Used to treat hyperthyroidism, part of prep for thyroidectomy

AE: hypothyroidism S/S like bradycardia, anemia, slow speech and body movements, excessive sleeping, increased weight

56
Q

methimazole

A

used to treat hyperthyroidism and as a preop med before thyroidectomy

should be taken with food or milk

may cause join or muscle pain

57
Q

potassium iodide

A

Potassium iodide is also used along with antithyroid medicines to prepare the thyroid gland for surgical removal, to treat certain overactive thyroid conditions (hyperthyroidism), and to protect the thyroid in a radiation exposure emergency

. It works by shrinking the size of the thyroid gland and decreasing the amount of thyroid hormones produced.

58
Q

Cyclophophamide : nitrogen mustard

A

Akylating agent- breaks down DNA helix strand interfereing with replication- CCNS

INCREASE FLUIDS

AE hemorrhagic cystitis (hematuria, bladder pain)

59
Q

(alkylating agent) CARMUSTINE

A

nitrosourea; breaks down the DNA helix, CCNS

crosses BBB

60
Q

Fluorouracil and Methotrexate

A

antimetabolities, CCS, during DNA synthesis and RNA growth (S phase)

leukemia, ovarian, breast CA, Gi cancers

61
Q

Doxarubacin

A

antitumor antibiotic, CCNS

Cardiotoxic if given long time
Binds with DNA interfering wtih enzymes and inhibiting DNA to RNA sythesis

62
Q

Vinblastine- VINCA

A

plant alkaloids, CCS, mitotic inhibitors, disrupt mitosis and acts late in the G2 phase preventing cell division

AE: neuropathaties, numbness, tingling

63
Q

Paclitaxel (TAXANE)

A

plant alkaloid, inhibits cell division, effective in G! and M phase, allergic reactions can occur and must be monitored closely

64
Q

Tamoxifen

A

treats breast cancer and block estrogen receptors, can be treatment for osteoporosis.

Anti-estorgen- block estrogen receptors forming a complex that inhibits DNA synthesis

65
Q

Epoeitin Alpha

A

increases RBC
hbg 12
Biologic response modifier

66
Q

Filgrastim

A

increases WBC (neupogen)

Biologic response modifier

67
Q

nitroglycerin

A

vasodilates, increases blood flow to myocardium and decreases preload, afterload and cardiac workload

give up to 3 tabs every 3-5 min

call doc after first tab given

no chest pain is okay

do not take with Viagra

68
Q

Morphine

A

opiate analgesic can be given for chest pain when unresponsive to sublingual NTG

produces venodilation leading to decreased preload, afterload

69
Q

nitro patch

A 
take off at night
wear for 12014 hours a day
switch areas
spot free of hair
wear gloves if nurse
70
Q

propanolol and metrolol

A

beta blocking agents that decrease the contractility of the heart and decrease BP

antianginal and antihypertensive

avoid use in bronchospastic diseases

71
Q

diltiazem

A

ca ch blocker
prevents movement of ECF Ca into the cell

antianginal, antihypertensive and antidysrhythmic

decreased afterload and increased blood flow by dilating coronary arteries

72
Q

Catopril

A

Ace inhibitor, blocks production of angiotensin 2, decreases vasoconstriction which leads to decrease afterload and workload on heart.

AE: postural hypotension, cough

73
Q

Enoxaparin

A

anticoagulant- LMWH

used first few days of a post MI

inactivates clotting factors, inhibits conversion of prothrombin to thrombin, prevents thrombus formation, inhibits platelet aggregation

Monitor platelet counts

74
Q

clopidogrel, ASA

A

anti-platelet

acts by inhibiting platelet activation

reduction of incidence of MI or stroke

contraindicated in bleeding patietns

75
Q

ASA

A

anti-platelet

inhibits Thromboxin A2

give ASAP upon arrival, chew rather than swallow

do not give in pateints who are taking warfarin, head trauma, active bleeds or allergies

76
Q

Heparin

A

anticoagulant that inactivates specific clotting factors and conversion of prothrombin to thrombin

77
Q

tPA

A

thrombolytic therapy,
clot buster dissolves a thrombi
stimulates conversion of plasminogen to plasmin
most common adverse effect is bleeding

can be given if patient has chest pain that has lasted 15 min to 12 hours.

do not give if pt has intracranial hemorrhage, aneurysm, facial trauma within past 3 months,

78
Q

abciximab

A

prevents binding of clotting factors

used for post MI and stent placements

Mary's Tests - Spring 2016 (10 decks)

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