Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Mary's Tests - Spring 2016 > finals!!! > Flashcards

finals!!! Flashcards

1
Q

Bulk forming Laxatives (drug names)

A

metamucil, polycarbophil, methycellulos

take 12 hours to 3 days to work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Stool softeners (drug names)

A

docusate (colace)

take 1-3 days to work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Saline Laxatives (drug names)

A

citrate of magnesium, milk of magnesia

USED FOR BOWEL CLEANSING

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Stimulant cathartics (drug names)

A

Bisacodyl, caster oil, senna products

irritates GI mucosa pulling water into the bowel, works quick!!! STRONGEST! can cause electrolyte imbalances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

intestinal obstruction leads to..

A

abdominal distention and F&E loss. May lead to strangulation, bowel perforation, necrosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

S/S of intestinal obstruction

A

abd pain, absolute constipation, abd distention, vomiting, borborygmus,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Peritonitis

A

acute inflammation of peritoneum, caused by bacterial invasion of chemical irritation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

S/S of peritonitis

A

rigid abdomen, vomiting, pain, tenderness, paralytic ileus, increase in WBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

treatment for peritonitis

A

nothing by mouth, NG suction, antibiotics, pain meds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Vasopressin

A

ADH used to increase coronary blood flow and availability of O2 to myocardium; raises blood volume and BP; stress hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

H2 receptor blocker

A

Histamine: acts on gastric mucosal receptors.
When stimulated it increases the production of HCl acid from parietal cells.
Used to prevent and treat GERD, PUD, esophagitis, GI bleeding
increases the risk for pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

H2RA blocks

A

both basala secretion and gastric secretion stimulated by histamine, acetylcholine, gastrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Traditional antihistamines (H1 antagonists)

A

do not block gastric acid production and are used to treat allergies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

H2 receptor drug names

A

Famotidine, ranitidine, cimetidine, nizatidine

-IDINE (histamine idine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Antacids contain compounds such as

A

aluminum, mag, calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Antacid examples:

A

aluminum hydroxide/mag hydroxide (maalox)
Aluminum hydroxide.mg hydroxide.simethicone (mylanta)
Simethicone (Mylicon) antiflatulant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

AE of antacids

A

diarrhea, constipation and can bind with other drugs preventing their absorption

make sure to give meds 1-2 hours before or after other meds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

PPI drug examples

A

omeprazole, pantoprazole, lansoprazole, esomeprazole, rabeprazole

ZOLE!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

PPi drugs

A

prevent pumping of gastric acid into the stomach, inhibit daytime and nocturnal HCl, most effective first line drug for PUD and GERD
Minimal AE
increases risk for pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what two meds increase the risk for pneumonia

A

PPI and H2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Sucralfate

A

binds to normal and ulcerated mucosa and forms a protective layer
prevents and treats duodenal ulcers
acts locally
Dissolves in water and can bind to other drugs preventing their actions so give 2 hours before other meds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Phenothiazides

A 
antiemetic
blocks receptor sites in CTZ
CNS depressant
AE: sedation, cognitive impairment, extrapyramidial reactions
Does NOT WORK ON MOTION SICKNESS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Phenothiazide medication examples

A

chlopromazine, prochloraperazine, promethazine

ZINE!!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Antihistamines

A

antiemetics
H1 receptor blocker to block acetylcholine in the brain
EFFECTIVE FOR MOTION SICKNESS
AE: similar to anticholinergic effects such as dry mouth, blurred vision, tachycardia, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Antihistamine drug names
promethazine, dimenhydrinate, scolpamine patch
26
Promethazine is considered
both an antiemetic and phenothiazide
27
Corticosteroids
antiemetic blocks prostaglandin used for chemo therapy induced nausea Benzodiazapine to relive anxiety lorazepam
28
Prokinetic agents
increases gastric motility, increases acetylcholine release, depletes dopamine, AE: sedation, restlessness, extrapyramidial sxs Example: Metoclopramide (Reglan)
29
Serotonin receptor antagonist
antagonize serotonin receptors preventing the action of emetogenic drugs and blocks activation of CTZ EX: Ondanestrone
30
antidiarrheal meds: opiate related derivatives
decrease intestinal motility loperamide (Immodium) AE: antichol; CNS depressant, constipation
31
antidiarrheal meds: bulk forming laxatives
absorb water into gel like mass so firm up liquid stool | EX: psyllium (metamucil)
32
Antidiarrheal meds: Bismuth salts
contains aspirin so make sure they do not have an allergy to aspirin Has antibacterial and antimicrobial properties Can cause darkened tongue. PEPTO BISMOL AND KAOPECTATE
33
Bulk forming laxatives
Absorb water to make a gel-like mass and increase size of stool leading to peristalsis Take 12 hours to 3 days to work EX: psyillum
34
Stool softener
Docusate decreases surface tension of stool, allowing water to enter stool and can take 1 -3 days to work.
35
Saline Laxatives
distend bowel, increase osmotic pressure so water can be retained, stimulates peristalsis and defecation Short term use for rapid bowel evacuation CHF patients are at risk for fluid retention Citrate of Mag and mag hydroxide (Milk of Mag)
36
Stimulant cathartics
irritate GI mucosa pulling water into bowel works quick strongest!!! Bisacodyl
37
HAART
not a cure for HIV just maintenence drug that will be taken everyday Increases the CD4 count and decreases the viral load Start treatment early (350-500) CD4 prevents the HIV transmission Check CD4 count every 3-12 months
38
NRTIS
inhibits reverse transcriptase by entering its protein to prevent viral replication check CBC often EX: zidovudine Mitochondrial toxicity (lactic acidosis, steeatosis, bone marrow suppression)
39
Integrase inhibitor
blocks action of integrase so HIV RNA cannot be inserted into host cell DNA. AE: headache, nausea, vomiting
40
NNRTIS
directly binds to reverse transcriptase so virus cannot convert HIV RNA into DNA. prevents HIV/viral replication AE: rash, stevens johnson syndrome
41
Protease inhibitor
prevents viral mutation cuts viral proteins into virions EX: atazanazvir AE: diarrhea, nausea, muscle weakness, insulin resistance
42
fusion inhibitor
prevents HIV from fusing with CD4 cell and blocks HIV from inserting genetic info into CD4
43
Hypertonic IV fluids
will tend to cause a fluid shift out of cells and into extracellular spaces such as blood and fluid Mannitol used to decrease cellular edema 3%normal saline!
44
hypotonic IV fluids
low solute concentration than icells tends to cause a shift out of extracellular and into intracellular D5W 0.45, , NaCl or 1/2 NS ``` Used TKO (to keep open) used to rehydrate cells ```
45
Isotonic IV Fluids
expands ECF only does not cause significant fluid or electrolyte shifts Lactated Ringers and Normal Saline (0.9% NAcl or NS) Used for fluid volume replacement and expands blood volume NS is used during blood administration
46
potassium replacement
given frequently, KCL given po or IV IV K must be administered carefully and patient monitored carefully NO IV PUSH May give up to 40meq/hr check K every 4-6 hours K must be diluted in IV solution K is irritating to veins so check for phlebitis
47
Sodium polysteryrene
should be stopped when the patient is hyperkalemic
48
prednisone uses!
allergic or hypersensitivity reactions and blood transfusions, collagen disorders such as lupus, dermatologic disorders such as herpes zoster, skin rashes, endocrine disorders such as adrenocortical insufficiency and can be given to replace or substitute for natural hormones.
49
corticosteroid patient teaching
monitor weight frequently and at least weekly during long term maintenance. Later weight gain can mean fluid retention. dose may need to be increases when patient is sick
50
desmopressin uses
can be used to treat diabetes insipidus
51
desmopressin
increases water permeability, decreases urine volume and increases osmolality. ADH medication-- IM IV or SubQ
52
assess for what fluid and electrolyte imbalance when taking desmopressin
hyponatremiam fluid volume deficit
53
levothyroxine
drug of choice for long term treatment of hypothyroidism increases metabolic rate increaing oxygen consumption, resp rate and heart rate. suppresses TSH, manages thyroid cancer, hypothyroidism
54
AE of levothyroxine
similar to that of hyperthyroidism, cardiac dysrrhythmias, angina pectoris. SHOULD NOT BE GIVEN WITH ADDISONS
55
PROPYLTHIOURACIL
inhibits thyroid hormones, does not interfere with the release of throid hormones previously produced. Used to treat hyperthyroidism, part of prep for thyroidectomy AE: hypothyroidism S/S like bradycardia, anemia, slow speech and body movements, excessive sleeping, increased weight
56
methimazole
used to treat hyperthyroidism and as a preop med before thyroidectomy should be taken with food or milk may cause join or muscle pain
57
potassium iodide
Potassium iodide is also used along with antithyroid medicines to prepare the thyroid gland for surgical removal, to treat certain overactive thyroid conditions (hyperthyroidism), and to protect the thyroid in a radiation exposure emergency . It works by shrinking the size of the thyroid gland and decreasing the amount of thyroid hormones produced.
58
Cyclophophamide : nitrogen mustard
Akylating agent- breaks down DNA helix strand interfereing with replication- CCNS INCREASE FLUIDS AE hemorrhagic cystitis (hematuria, bladder pain)
59
(alkylating agent) CARMUSTINE
nitrosourea; breaks down the DNA helix, CCNS | crosses BBB
60
Fluorouracil and Methotrexate
antimetabolities, CCS, during DNA synthesis and RNA growth (S phase) leukemia, ovarian, breast CA, Gi cancers
61
Doxarubacin
antitumor antibiotic, CCNS Cardiotoxic if given long time Binds with DNA interfering wtih enzymes and inhibiting DNA to RNA sythesis
62
Vinblastine- VINCA
plant alkaloids, CCS, mitotic inhibitors, disrupt mitosis and acts late in the G2 phase preventing cell division AE: neuropathaties, numbness, tingling
63
Paclitaxel (TAXANE)
plant alkaloid, inhibits cell division, effective in G! and M phase, allergic reactions can occur and must be monitored closely
64
Tamoxifen
treats breast cancer and block estrogen receptors, can be treatment for osteoporosis. Anti-estorgen- block estrogen receptors forming a complex that inhibits DNA synthesis
65
Epoeitin Alpha
increases RBC hbg 12 Biologic response modifier
66
Filgrastim
increases WBC (neupogen) Biologic response modifier
67
nitroglycerin
vasodilates, increases blood flow to myocardium and decreases preload, afterload and cardiac workload give up to 3 tabs every 3-5 min call doc after first tab given no chest pain is okay do not take with Viagra
68
Morphine
opiate analgesic can be given for chest pain when unresponsive to sublingual NTG produces venodilation leading to decreased preload, afterload
69
nitro patch
``` take off at night wear for 12014 hours a day switch areas spot free of hair wear gloves if nurse ```
70
propanolol and metrolol
beta blocking agents that decrease the contractility of the heart and decrease BP antianginal and antihypertensive avoid use in bronchospastic diseases
71
diltiazem
ca ch blocker prevents movement of ECF Ca into the cell antianginal, antihypertensive and antidysrhythmic decreased afterload and increased blood flow by dilating coronary arteries
72
Catopril
Ace inhibitor, blocks production of angiotensin 2, decreases vasoconstriction which leads to decrease afterload and workload on heart. AE: postural hypotension, cough
73
Enoxaparin
anticoagulant- LMWH used first few days of a post MI inactivates clotting factors, inhibits conversion of prothrombin to thrombin, prevents thrombus formation, inhibits platelet aggregation Monitor platelet counts
74
clopidogrel, ASA
anti-platelet acts by inhibiting platelet activation reduction of incidence of MI or stroke contraindicated in bleeding patietns
75
ASA
anti-platelet inhibits Thromboxin A2 give ASAP upon arrival, chew rather than swallow do not give in pateints who are taking warfarin, head trauma, active bleeds or allergies
76
Heparin
anticoagulant that inactivates specific clotting factors and conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
77
tPA
thrombolytic therapy, clot buster dissolves a thrombi stimulates conversion of plasminogen to plasmin most common adverse effect is bleeding can be given if patient has chest pain that has lasted 15 min to 12 hours. do not give if pt has intracranial hemorrhage, aneurysm, facial trauma within past 3 months,
78
abciximab
prevents binding of clotting factors | used for post MI and stent placements

Mary's Tests - Spring 2016 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions