FINALS 2nd Year Flashcards
1
Q
Refers to a person who satisfied sexual urge through the wearing of an object (e.g. underwear of a woman) compulsively used in attaining sexual gratification.
A
FETISHISM
2
Q
The representation of things by the use of symbols especially in art or literature such as systems of symbols and symbolic meanings and a group of symbolists in
art as literature.
A
SYMBOLISM
3
Q
Sex offenders of this category always use the same approach or pretext. This will help in solving serial rapes by analyzing the peculiar rituals used.
A
RITUALISM
4
Q
Overcomes the offender who puts his
dream to reality to see if he will feel even better
and its importance to him.
A
SEX FANTASY OR DREAM WORLD
5
Q
Prior acts of cruelty before the sex encounter bring climatic sexual satisfaction.
A
SADISM
6
Q
Sexual satisfaction is gained by being humiliated, hurt or beaten before the
sexual act
A
MASOCHISM
7
Q
Inflicts injury and at the same time enjoys having injury inflicted upon him preceding the sexual act.
A
SADO-MASOCHISM
8
Q
Sexual gratification by looking at a nude person.
Peeping toms are included in this category.
A
VOYEURISM
9
Q
Is an abnormal sexual activity on the part of men. The
abnormal sexual offender is called SATYR, which was derived from the Greek mythology of a half-man half-goat animal who could impregnate fifty female goats a day.
A
SATYRISM
10
Q
The compulsive and uncontrollable feeling of a woman overindulge in sexual activity. The woman is called a nymphomaniac.
A
NYMPHOMANIA
11
Q
Sexual gratification of a dead person or love towards a
dead person.
A
NECROMANIA OR NECROPHILIA
12
Q
Sexual gratification where the victims are children. The person afflicted with this sexual perversion is the pedophile.
A
PEDOPHILIA
13
Q
Sexual intercourse thru the anus or anal sex.
A
SODOMY
14
Q
Sexual perversion where gratification
is thru the mouth.
A
ORAL SEX
15
Q
Sex gratification is thru sexual intercourse with animals like pets such as dogs, cats, etc.
A
BESTIALITY
16
Q
The failure to have an erection of the male organ.
A
IMPOTENCY
17
Q
The failure to procreate or produce offspring. A man may not be impotent but sterile and vice versa. A woman is never called impotent but may be sterile.
A
STERILITY
18
Q
It is the condition of a woman where the hymen of her vagina is still intact or enraptured. It does not mean that when the hymen is intact, there is no case of rape.
A
VIRGINITY
19
Q
Could also now be committed by the husband.
A
MARITAL RAPE
20
Q
When the victim of rape is twelve years of age and below. The reason for this is that even if the child consented the sexual intercourse, her consent is invalid because she could not give a valid consent by her age.
A
STATUTORY RAPE
21
Q
The act increasing the age for determining statutory rape, received the President’s signature on 04 March 2022. The long-awaited law raises the age of sexual consent from twelve (12) to below sixteen (16) years old.
A
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 11648
22
Q
The recruitment, transport, transfer or harboring,
or receipt of persons with or without consent or knowledge, within or across national borders, by means of threat or use of force, or other forms of coercion,
abduction, Freud, deception, abuse of power or of position, taking advantage of the vulnerability of the person, or the giving of receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of the person having control over another person for the purpose of exploitation or the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labor, or services, slavery, servitude or the removal or sale
of organs.
A
TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS
23
Q
The penalty of prison mayor and a fine of not exceeding 10,000 pesos shall be imposed upon anyone
who shall purchase, sell kidnap of detain a human having for the purpose of in slaving him. (Art.272 RPC)
A
SLAVERY
24
Q
The quality of prison correctional in its minimum and medium periods and a fine not exceeding 500 pesos shall be imposed upon anyone who, under the pretext of reimbursing himself of a depth incurred by an ascendant, guardian, or person entrusted with the custody of minor, shall against the latter’s
will, retain him in his service. (Art. 272 RPC)
A
EXPLOITATION OF CHILD LABOR
25
Are any criminal act that destroys another’s property, or that deprives an owner to property against the owner’s will. The criminal law generally considers these crimes less serious than violent crimes, or rimes against person, but they can still constitute very serious felony charges.
CRIME AGAINST PROPERTY
26
Is the taking of personal property belonging to another, with intent to gain, by means of violence against or, intimidation of any person, or use of force upon things.
ROBBERY
27
CLASSIFICATION OF ROBBERY
1. ROBBERY WITH VIOLENCE AGAINST, OR INTIMIDATION OF PERSONS
2. ROBBERY BY USE OF FORCE UPON THINGS
28
The property taken must be personal property, for it real property is occupied or real right is usurped by means of violence against or intimidation of person, the crime is usurpation (art. 312)
PERSONAL PROPERTY
29
Which means that the property taken does not belong to the offender. The person from whom the personal property is taken need not be the owner.
BELONGING TO ANOTHER
30
From the moment of the offender gain possession of the thing, even if the culprit has had no opportunity to
dispose the same, the unlawful taking is complete. The fact that the defendant in his flight threw away the
property stolen or that it fell without his knowledge, does not affect the nature of the crime.
ROBBERY WITH VIOLENCE AGAINST INTIMIDATION OF PERSONS
31
When the culprit had already broken the floor or the Bodega, had entered it, and had removed one sack of
sugar from the pile, but was caught in the act of taking out the sack of sugar through the opening on the floor, it
was frustrated robbery only. (People vs. De Rosario, C. 46 G 4332).
ROBBERY WITH FORCE UPON THINGS
32
Is presumed from the unlawful taking of personal property. Being n internal act, cannot be established by direct evidence, except in case of confession by the accused. It must, therefore, be deduced from the circumstances surrounding the commission of the offense.
INTENT TO GAIN
33
The seizure of any person for ransom, extortion or other unlawful purposes, or the taking away of the property of another by means of violence against or intimidation of person or force upon thing or other unlawful means. Committed by another person on any Philippine highway.
HIGHWAY ROBBERY
34
The taking, with intent to gain, of a motor vehicle belonging to another without the latter’s consent or by means of violence against or intimidation of persons, or by using force upon things. (sec. 2 Republic Act No.
6539).
CAR NAPPING
35
An act Prohibiting Certain Acts inimical to Civil aviation, and for other Purposes.
RA 6235
36
A term which immediately conjures the images of a group of heavily armed and determined men and women holding up an airplane, ship, bus, van, or another vehicle in order to achieve their nefarious
objectives.
HIJACKING
37
Anti-Cattle Rustling Law of 1974.
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE 533
38
The taking away by any means method or scheme, without the consent of the owner/ raiser, of any of the animals (classified as large cattle/ whether or not for profit or gain, or whether or not for profit or gain, or whether committed with or without violence against or intimidation of any person or force upon things It
includes the killing of large cattle, or taking its meat or
hide without the consent of the owner/ raiser.
CATTLE RUSTLING
39
Anti-Fencing Law
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE 1612
40
The act of any person who, w/ intent to gain or himself or for another, shall buy, receive, possess, keep, acquire, conceal, sell, or dispose of, or shall buy and sell, or in any other manner deal any article, item,
object or anything of value w/c he knows, or should be known to him, to have been derived from the proceeds
of the crime of robbery or theft.
FENCING
41
Includes any person, firm, association, corporation or partnership or other organization who/ which
commit the act of fencing. Sec. 2 par. B of PD No. 1612 Anti-fencing law.
FENCE
42
Malicious destruction of property by means of fire.
ARSON
43
Any person who burns or set fire to the property of
another; or to his own property under the circumstances
which expose to danger the life or property of another.
ARSON
44
Amending the law on Arson
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE 1613
45
Refers to the methods and techniques used by law enforcement agencies to identify, collect, and analyze physical evidence found at a crime scene.
CRIME SCENE PROCESSING
46
The first task is to secure the crime scene to prevent contamination or destruction of evidence. This involves isolating the area and limiting access to authorized
personnel only.
SECURING THE SCENE
47
This involves taking photographs, videos, and sketches of the scene to record the location and position of evidence, the layout of the area, and any other
relevant details.
DOCUMENTING THE SCENE
48
Once the scene is secured and documented, investigators will search for physical evidence that may be relevant to the case, such as fingerprints, DNA, or
weapons.
SEARCHING FOR EVIDENCE
49
Evidence must be collected in a way that preserves its
integrity and prevents contamination or destruction. This may involve using specialized tools, packaging evidence properly, and storing it in a secure location.
COLLECTING AND PRESERVING EVIDENCE
50
Investigators will also interview any witnesses who may have seen or heard anything related to the crime, to gather the information that may be useful in
identifying the perpetrator.
INTERVIEWING WITNESSES
51
After the evidence has been collected, it must be analyzed in a laboratory to identify any matches or links to potential suspects. This may involve forensic
testing, such as DNA analysis or ballistics testing.
ANALYZING EVIDENCE
52
Finally, investigators will use the evidence and other information to try to reconstruct the crime, to better understand what happened and who may be
responsible.
RECONSTRUCTING THE CRIME
53
States that every contact leaves a trace. In simpler terms, this means that whenever two objects come into contact with each other, they exchange materials such as fibers, DNA, and other evidence.
LOCARD'S PRINCIPLE ALSO KNOWN AS EXCHANGE PRINCIPLE
54
The exchange principle was first proposed by French forensic scientist _____ in the early 20th century and has since become a fundamental concept in forensic science.
EDMOND LOCARD
55
Refers to any information, materials, or objects that are used to support a claim or provide proof of a fact or proposition.
EVIDENCE
56
Is any information or material that is relevant to the investigation and can help identify or link suspects
to a crime.
EVIDENCE
57
This includes any physical objects found at the crime scene, such as fingerprints, footprints, bloodstains, clothing fibers, and weapons. Can provide valuable information about what happened at the crime scene and who was involved.
PHYSICAL EVIDENCE
58
This includes any biological materials found at the crime scene, such as blood, saliva, hair, and skin cells. Can be used to identify suspects and link them to the crime scene.
BIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE
59
This includes small, often microscopic, materials found at the crime scene, such as soil, dust, and glass fragments. Can be used to link suspects to the crime scene and provide information about the events that took place.
TRACE EVIDENCE
60
This includes any electronic devices or data found at the crime scene, such as computers, cell phones, and social media accounts. Can be used to track suspects' movements, communications, and activities.
DIGITAL EVIDENCE
61
This includes any written or recorded materials found at the crime scene, such as notes, diaries, and surveillance footage. Can provide valuable information about suspects' motives, intentions, and activities.
DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE
62
This includes statements from individuals who witnessed the crime or saw suspicious activity in the area. Can provide important information about suspects'
appearances, actions, and whereabouts.
EYEWITNESS TESTIMONY
63
Homicide investigation checklists are typically provided by law enforcement agencies and may be available in both digital and hard copy formats.
OBTAIN THE CHECKLIST
64
Review the checklist to ensure that you understand the purpose and scope of each item on the list. Familiarize yourself with the format of the checklist and any
specific instructions or guidelines that may be included.
REVIEW THE CHECKLIST
65
Begin by filling out the basic information about the crime scene and victim, such as the date, time, and location of the incident, and the victim's name and age. Then work
through the checklist, one item at a time, documenting your findings and observations as you go. Make note of any evidence or information that you collect, such as witness statements, physical evidence, or photographs.
USE THE CHECKLIST
66
Homicide investigations often require the involvement
of multiple investigators and agencies. Use the checklist to communicate your findings and observations to other members of the investigative team and collaborate to build a comprehensive case.
COLLABORATE WITH OTHER INVESTIGATORS
67
Once you have completed the checklist, review it again to ensure that all items have been completed and that no important details have been missed. Make note of
any follow-up actions that may be required, such as additional evidence collection or witness interviews.
REVISIT THE CHECKLIST
68
The first step in any homicide investigation is to secure the crime scene to ensure that evidence is not destroyed or contaminated.
SECURE THE CRIME SCENE
69
The investigator should conduct a preliminary
examination of the scene to gather as much information as possible before the scene is altered
in any way.
CONDUCT PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION
70
The investigator should identify and preserve all evidence, including physical evidence such as DNA, fingerprints, and weapons, as well as witness
statements and surveillance footage.
IDENTIFY AND PRESERVE EVIDENCE
71
The investigator should interview all witnesses who were present at the time of the homicide to gather information about the victim, the suspect, and the circumstances surrounding the crime.
INTERVIEW WITNESSES
72
The investigator should conduct a background investigation of the victim and any potential suspects to determine if there is any motive or history of violent behavior
CONDUCT A BACKGROUND INVESTIGATION
73
Based on the information gathered, the investigator should develop a list of potential suspects and prioritize the investigation accordingly.
DEVELOP A SUSPECT LIST
74
The investigator should analyze all forensic evidence collected from the crime scene, including DNA, fingerprints, and ballistics reports.
ANALYZE FORENSIC EVIDENCE
75
The investigator should prepare a timeline of events leading up to the homicide to help identify any gaps in the investigation.
PREPARE A TIMELINE
76
The investigator should follow up on all leads, including tips from the public, to gather additional evidence and information.
FOLLOW UP ON LEADS
77
Women often face discrimination and unequal treatment in many areas of life, including education, employment, and political participation. This can lead to a sense of
powerlessness and vulnerability, making them more likely to be victims of violence.
GENDER INEQUALITY
78
In some societies, violence against women is considered acceptable or even encouraged as a way to maintain traditional gender roles and norms. This
can create a climate of impunity for perpetrators and make it difficult for women to seek help or
report abuse.
CULTURAL AND SOCIAL NORMS
79
Women who are economically dependent on their partners or family members may be at greater risk of violence, as they may be less able to leave abusive
situations.
ECONOMIC FACTORS
80
Perpetrators of violence against women may have mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, or substance abuse, which can contribute to their violent
behavior.
MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
81
Women who experience violence may suffer from injuries ranging from bruises and cuts to broken bones and permanent disabilities.
PHYSICAL HARM
82
Women who experience violence may suffer from
depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and other mental health problems.
EMOTIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL HARM
83
Women who experience violence may be forced to cut ties with friends and family members or may be isolated from their communities due to shame or fear.
SOCIAL ISOLATION
84
Women who experience violence may be unable to work or may lose their jobs due to physical or emotional injuries, leading to financial instability and poverty.
ECONOMIC HARM
85
Children who witness or experience violence in the home may suffer from physical, emotional, and psychological harm that can affect them for the rest of their lives.
INTER-GENERATIONAL HARM
86
Refers to the act of being victimized or the state of being a victim, often in the context of being subjected to harm, abuse, or mistreatment. It involves experiencing harm,
injury, or suffering as a result of the actions of another person or group.
VICTIMIZATION
87
Certain age groups, such as children and the elderly, may be more vulnerable to victimization due to their physical or cognitive limitations.
AGE
88
Women and girls are more likely to experience sexual violence and intimate partner violence, while men and boys are more likely to experience physical violence and homicide.
GENDER
89
People from marginalized racial and ethnic groups may be at higher riskof victimization due to social and economic inequalities.
RACE AND ETHNICITY
90
People who are living in poverty or who have low levels of education or income may be more likely to experience violence, especially in urban areas.
SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS
90
People who live in areas with high levels of crime and violence may be more likely to experience victimization.
GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION
91
People who use drugs or alcohol may be at higher risk of victimization, either due to impaired judgment or because they are more likely to engage in high-risk
behaviors.
ALCOHOL AND DRUG USE
92
People with mental health issues may be at higher risk of victimization, either because they are perceived as vulnerable or because they may be more likely to
engage in high-risk behaviors.
MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
93
People who have experienced victimization in the past may be more likely to experience it again in the future.
PREVIOUS VICTIMIZATION
94
Are unwritten rules and expectations that govern behavior in a particular society or culture. They can be positive, such as treating others with respect and kindness, or negative, such as accepting violence as a means of resolving conflict.
SOCIAL NORMS
95
Are the actions that individuals take to conform to or challenge social norms.
SOCIAL PRACTICES
96
Is traditionally believed to preserve virginity until marriage and nonconformity to the practice may
lead to social exclusion, stigma and the inability to find a husband.
FGM (FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION)
97
Infanticide, neglect of female children, mistreatment and severe health consequences for women who did not bear male children are manifestations of pervasive son
preference typically grounded in rigid patriarchal family systems and the special role of sons in religious
rituals.
SEX-SELECTIVE ABORTIONS
98
A practice that strengthens son preference as it leads parents to consider daughters as liabilities— have often been linked to brutal violent acts against women as a way to extract more resources from the wife’s family, including harassment, domestic violence, murders, and suicides, leading to the infamous dowry-deaths.
DOWRIES
99
Involve murders, often committed by close relatives in the name of “family honor”, to sanction the refusal to enter an arranged marriage, an attempt to marry outside their own social group, or having been the victim of rape.
HONOR KILLINGS
100
Widows are sometimes victims of violence from in-laws and humiliating rites and isolation as part of the mourning process to demonstrate grief and innocence for their husband’s death.
WIDOWHOOD RITUALS
101
Is a crucial piece of documentation that serves
as a record of a crime scene, interviews with witnesses and suspects, and any other relevant information gathered during an investigation.
POLICE INVESTIGATION REPORT
102
This includes the crime’s date, time, and location. It's
important to be as specific as possible, including the exact address or GPS coordinates.
INCIDENT INFORMATION
103
The report should include the names and contact information of all witnesses and victims involved in the incident.
WITNESS AND VICTIM INFORMATION
104
If there is a suspect, the report should include their name, age, and any identifying information, such as tattoos or scars. It's also important to note if the suspect was arrested or taken into custody.
SUSPECT INFORMATION
105
This includes a detailed description of the crime scene, any evidence collected, and any other pertinent information that could help build a case.
CRIME SCENE INFORMATION
106
The report should include a record of all investigative actions taken, such as interviews with witnesses, processing of evidence, and any other steps taken to gather information.
INVESTIGATIVE ACTIONS TAKEN
107
The report should include a conclusion that summarizes the investigation and any findings, including if charges were filed.
CONCLUSION
108
One of the primary purposes of police reports is to provide a record of the incident or investigation. This record can be used by law enforcement officials, prosecutors, defense attorneys, insurance companies, and others to review what happened and make decisions based on the information provided in the report.
PROVIDING A RECORD
109
Police reports are often used to identify suspects in a crime. The information contained in the report can be used to track down and apprehend individuals who are believed to have committed the crime.
IDENTIFYING SUSPECTS
110
Police reports are often used as evidence in court to
support the prosecution of a suspect. The information contained in the report can be used to build a case against the suspect and prove their guilt beyond a
reasonable doubt.
SUPPORTING PROSECUTION
111
Police reports can also be used to inform the public about crimes that have occurred in their area. This can help increase awareness and prevent similar crimes from happening in the future.
INFORMING THE PUBLIC
112
Police reports can be used to protect victims of crimes by providing them with legal documentation of what happened. This documentation can be used to support insurance claims, seek protection orders, and other legal remedies.
PROTECTING VICTIMS
113
Police reports can also be used to analyze crime patterns and trends, which can help law enforcement agencies improve their practices and prevent future crimes.
IMPROVING LAW ENFORCEMENT PRACTICES
114
Are used to document specific incidents, such
as accidents, thefts, and disturbances. These reports are usually completed by the responding officer and contain basic information about the incident, including the date, time, and location of the incident, names of witnesses and victims, and a brief description of what happened.
INCIDENT REPORTS
115
Are much more detailed and are used to document the steps taken by investigators to gather evidence and build a case against a suspect. These reports are usually completed by detectives and contain more in-depth information about the investigation, including witness and suspect interviews, evidence collection and analysis, and conclusions drawn from the investigation.
INVESTIGATIVE REPORTS
116
Are the most common type of report written by law enforcement officers. These reports provide a detailed account of what happened during an incident, including descriptions of the individuals involved, the sequence of events, and any evidence or witness statements collected.
NARRATIVE REPORTS
117
Are used to document officers’ progress during their training period. These reports may include information about the officer's performance during training exercises, observations made by trainers, and feedback provided to the officer.
FIELD TRAINING REPORTS
118
Are used to document the arrest of a suspect. These reports typically include information about the suspect's identity, the charges against them, and any evidence or witness statements collected during the arrest.
ARREST REPORTS
119
Are used to document a specific incident, such as a traffic accident or a disturbance. These reports typically include information about the date, time, and location of the incident, as well as a description of what happened and any witness statements or evidence collected.
INCIDENT REPORTS
120
Are used to document the steps taken by investigators to gather evidence and build a case against a suspect. These reports typically include detailed information about witness and suspect interviews, evidence collection and analysis, and conclusions drawn from the investigation.
INVESTIGATIVE REPORTS
121
Are used to document ongoing investigations or projects. These reports may include information about the current status of the investigation or project, any obstacles or challenges encountered, and plans for
moving forward.
PROGRESS REPORTS
122
Also known as a police log or arrest log, is a chronological record of police activity. It is typically a written or electronic record containing a brief summary of each incident the police department responds to.
POLICE BLOTTER
