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BACTE FINALS > finals > Flashcards

finals Flashcards

1
Q

Which Campylobacter species are most commonly associated with gastritis and diarrhea?

A

C. jejuni and C. coli

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2
Q

What is the optimal temperature for the growth of Campylobacter spp.?

A

36°C-37°C and 42°C

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3
Q

What type of motility is exhibited by Campylobacter spp.?

A

Corkscrew darting motility

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4
Q

Which of the following media is NOT used for the culture of Campylobacter spp.?

A

MacConkey agar

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5
Q

What appearance do Campylobacter spp. exhibit in stained smears?

A

Seagull-winged

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6
Q

What is the most common mode of transmission (MOT) for Campylobacter spp.?

A

Ingestion of contaminated milk and Fecal-oral route

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7
Q

Which transport medium is recommended for stool specimens of Campylobacter spp. that require delayed processing?

A

Cary-Blair medium

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8
Q

What antibiotics are present in Campy-CVA medium?

A

Vancomycin, trimethoprim, cephalothin, polymyxin B, amphotericin

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9
Q

Which technique is most suitable for detecting Campylobacter spp. from clinical specimens?

A

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

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10
Q

What test is used for the rapid identification of H. pylori infection?

A

Urease breath test

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11
Q

Which H. pylori gene is associated with the production of vacuolating cytotoxin?

A

VacA

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12
Q

Which specimen is primarily used to diagnose Helicobacter pylori infection?

A

Antral biopsy

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13
Q

What is the gold standard for diagnosing Brucella infections?

A

Culture on BAP and TSA

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14
Q

What is the primary mode of transmission of Legionella pneumophila?

A

Inhalation of aerosols from water sources

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15
Q

What medium is specifically used for the culture of Legionella spp.?

A

BCYE agar

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16
Q

What diagnostic method is recommended for identifying Gardnerella vaginalis in cases of bacterial vaginosis?

A

A. Nugent scoring system

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17
Q

What appearance is characteristic of Streptobacillus moniliformis in broth culture?

A

B. Fluff balls or bread crumbs

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18
Q

Which of the following is a key diagnostic feature of Pasteurella multocida?

A

C. Grey-white, iridescent colonies

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19
Q

What test is commonly used to detect Francisella spp.?

A

C. PCR-based methods

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20
Q

What is the primary antibody detected in H. pylori infections?

A

C. IgG

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21
Q

Which type of hemolysis is shown by Streptococcus pyogenes on blood agar?

A

B. Beta hemolysis

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22
Q

What is the key virulence factor of Bacillus anthracis?

A

B. Edema toxin

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23
Q

Which bacteria are identified using the Nagler reaction?

A

C. Clostridium perfringens

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24
Q

Which organism causes Weil’s disease?

A

A. Leptospira interrogans

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25
Q

What color is produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonies on nutrient agar?

A

B. Green

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26
Q

Which test is used to detect Escherichia coli O157:H7 in stool samples?

A

D. Sorbitol MacConkey agar

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27
Q

What condition is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae?

A

C. Diphtheria

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28
Q

What is the causative agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever?

A

B. Rickettsia rickettsii

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29
Q

What is the preferred stain for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum?

A

B. Ziehl-Neelsen stain

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30
Q

What is the key characteristic of Listeria monocytogenes on wet mount?

A

B. Tumbling motility

31
Q

Which organism forms colonies described as ‘tiny drops of mercury’ on Bordet-Gengou agar?

A

Bordetella pertussis

This organism is known for causing whooping cough.

32
Q

What is the characteristic odor produced by Pasteurella multocida?

A

Musty/mushroom smell

This odor is distinctive and aids in identification.

33
Q

Which organism is also known as the ‘corroding bacterium’ due to its ability to form pits on agar?

A

Eikenella corrodens

This characteristic helps in differentiating it from other species.

34
Q

Donovan bodies are a pathognomonic feature of which organism?

A

Calymmatobacterium granulomatis

These bodies are indicative of granuloma inguinale.

35
Q

Which organism has a characteristic ‘fried egg’ colony appearance on BHIA with 20% horse serum?

A

Streptobacillus moniliformis

This appearance is crucial for laboratory identification.

36
Q

Which organism’s colonies on BCYE agar appear grey-white, iridescent pink, or blue-green?

A

Legionella pneumophila

These colors are significant for diagnosing Legionnaires’ disease.

37
Q

What nickname is given to L. pneumophila due to its association with outbreaks?

A

Broadstreet pneumonia

This term is historically linked to a significant outbreak.

38
Q

Which organism is also referred to as ‘Tatlock agent’?

A

Legionella micdadei

This name is used in clinical contexts for identification.

39
Q

Which organism is known to produce violacein, a characteristic violet pigment?

A

Chromobacterium violaceum

This pigment contributes to its identification in cultures.

40
Q

What is the characteristic shape of Cardiobacterium hominis in stained smears?

A

Rosette and serpentine pattern

This shape is used for microscopic identification.

41
Q

Which organism is referred to as the ‘agent of granuloma inguinale’?

A

Calymmatobacterium granulomatis

This organism is responsible for a specific sexually transmitted infection.

42
Q

Which organism is commonly isolated from cat or dog bites?

A

Pasteurella multocida

This organism is often associated with animal bites.

43
Q

What is the primary zoonotic reservoir of Francisella tularensis?

A

Rabbits

This organism causes tularemia, often linked to rabbit exposure.

44
Q

Which organism requires cysteine for growth and exhibits pinpoint colonies on chocolate agar?

A

Francisella tularensis

Cysteine is essential for its laboratory culture.

45
Q

What is the odor characteristic of Eikenella corrodens colonies?

A

Bleach-like odor

This distinctive odor helps in its identification.

46
Q

Which medium is used for the selective isolation of Gardnerella vaginalis?

A

Human blood bilayer Tween agar (HBT)

This medium is specifically formulated for this organism.

47
Q

What type of cells are ‘clue cells’ associated with Gardnerella vaginalis?

A

Vaginal squamous epithelial cells

These cells are indicative of bacterial vaginosis.

48
Q

What is the appearance of Brucella colonies on BAP?

A

Small, convex, smooth, and glistening

This appearance is typical for Brucella species.

49
Q

Which organism is known as the ‘agent of shipping fever’ in cattle?

A

Pasteurella multocida

This organism is significant in veterinary medicine.

50
Q

What is the name of the selective medium for Legionella species?

A

BCYE agar

This medium is essential for isolating Legionella species.

51
Q

Which medium for the primary isolation of B. pertussis and B. parapertussis contains potato infusion agar with glycerol and sheep blood?

A

Bordet-Gengou

This medium is traditionally used for these pathogens.

52
Q

Which medium has a shelf life of 4 to 8 weeks for the primary isolation of B. pertussis and B. parapertussis?

A

Regan-Lowe

This medium is preferred for its longevity in laboratory settings.

53
Q

Which selective medium for B. pertussis and B. parapertussis contains 10% horse blood and cephalexin?

A

Regan-Lowe

This formulation helps suppress contaminating flora.

54
Q

Which of the following has a shelf life of 2 to 3 months but is considered inferior to Regan-Lowe agar?

A

Modified Jones-Kendrick

This medium is less commonly used due to its shorter shelf life.

55
Q

Which medium for B. pertussis and B. parapertussis is characterized by synthetic agar lacking blood products?

A

Stainer-Scholte

This medium is unique in its formulation.

56
Q

Which of the following selective media contains charcoal agar with yeast extract, starch, and 40 ug cephalexin?

A

Modified Jones-Kendrick

This medium is designed for specific bacterial growth.

57
Q

Which of the following selective media has the shortest shelf life (a few weeks)?

A

Regan-Lowe

This medium is known for its limited usability duration.

58
Q

Which of the following selective media is characterized by the use of methicillin or cephalexin in its formulation?

A

Bordet-Gengou

This characteristic helps in suppressing unwanted bacteria.

59
Q

Which of the following is true about Chlamydia?

A

They require living cells for cultivation, similar to viruses

This distinguishes them from many other bacteria.

60
Q

The infectious particle of Chlamydia is called:

A

Elementary body

This form is essential for the infection process.

61
Q

The reticulate body of Chlamydia is described as:

A

Metabolically active inclusion bodies

These bodies are crucial for replication within the host.

62
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis forms inclusions inside the cell, which are enclosed in a vacuole known as:

A

Phagosome

This structure is important for the lifecycle of Chlamydia.

63
Q

The inclusion bodies in Chlamydia trachomatis are known as:

A

Halberstaedter-Prowazek bodies

These bodies are used for diagnosis in laboratory settings.

64
Q

The main component of the Halberstaedter-Prowazek bodies in Chlamydia trachomatis is:

A

Glycogen

This component is significant for the body’s structure.

65
Q

The inclusion bodies in Chlamydia psittaci are called:

A

Levinthal-Cole-Lillie bodies

This nomenclature is specific to this species.

66
Q

Chlamydia psittaci (now Chlamydophila psittaci) is the causative agent of:

A

Psittacosis/ornithosis

This disease is associated with birds.

67
Q

Chlamydia pneumoniae is also known as:

A

TWAR strain

This name is used in clinical contexts.

68
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis has two biovars, one of which is associated with venereal infections. This biovar is called:

A

Biovar LGV

This biovar is significant in sexually transmitted infections.

69
Q

Which of the following biovars of Chlamydia trachomatis has 12 serovars?

A

Biovar trachoma

This biovar is associated with ocular infections.

70
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis causes which of the following conditions?

A

Non-gonococcal urethritis

This condition is commonly diagnosed in males.

71
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis is associated with long-term disease in females, such as:

A

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

PID can lead to serious reproductive health issues.

72
Q

Mycoplasma is unique because it:

A

Is the smallest free-living organism

This characteristic makes it distinct among bacteria.

73
Q

Which of the following species is known as Eaton’s agent?

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

This organism is associated with atypical pneumonia.

BACTE FINALS (5 decks)

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