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UCSP > FINALS > Flashcards

FINALS Flashcards

1
Q

lifelong process of social interaction through which people acquire their survival skills in society.

A

Socialization

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2
Q

the process of being socialized into a specific culture

A

Enculturation

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3
Q

are therefore defined as the influence or key factors on a person’s development and ability to play a role in society.

A

Agents of socialization

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4
Q

What are the Agents of Socialization?

A
  • Family
  • Peers
  • Religion
  • Government
  • Media
  • Work
  • Ethnic Background
  • Clubs / Social Groups
  • School
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5
Q

NORMS

A
  • rules/ guide
  • do’s & dont’s
  • proper behavior
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6
Q

shared expectations or rules that guide the behavior of individuals within a group or society.

A

Norms

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7
Q

they dictate what is considered acceptable and unacceptable bahavior, helping to maintain order and cohesion.

A

Norms

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8
Q

Types of Norms

A

Laws, Mores, Taboos, Folkways

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9
Q

rules enacted and backed by the power of the state.

A

Laws

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10
Q

norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance

A

Mores

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11
Q

strong norms that often brings disgust if violated

A

Taboos

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12
Q

norms for routine and casual interactions

A

Folkways

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13
Q

are official rules created by a government that specify what people can or cannot do, with consequences for those who break them.

A

Laws

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14
Q

LAWS

A
  • Formal rules
  • Specific penalties or sanction if violated
  • Designed to maintain order
  • Protect the rights of individuals
  • Legally enforced
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15
Q

They dictate what is considered right and wrong behavior, often involving serious consequences for violations.

A

Mores

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16
Q

MORES

A
  • stricter than folkways
  • Moral/ ethical behavior
  • Difference between right and wrong
  • Dictated by values, ethics and religion
  • Socially enforced
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17
Q

These are informal norms or everyday customs that guide behavior.

A

Folkways

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18
Q

Violating ________ might result in mild social disapproval but not serious consequences.

A

Folkways

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19
Q

FOLKWAYS

A
  • Casual interaction
  • Repetition of routines
  • Distinction from rude and polite behavior
  • Impose discipline
  • Manners of life
  • Right behavior for specific situation
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20
Q

are strong social prohibitions against certain actions, behaviors, or topics that are considered sacred or forbidden in a culture.

A

Taboos

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21
Q

are things that people in a culture believe should not be done or talked about.

A

Taboos

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22
Q

TABOOS

A
  • strong negative norm
  • violation results in extreme disgust or expulsion
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23
Q

These are highly scripted
ceremonies or strips of interaction that follow a specific sequence of actions.

A

Rituals

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24
Q

They occur at predetermined times or triggered by specific cues.

A

Rituals

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25
Q

A ‘position’ in a social system or a social position that a person holds.

A

Status

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26
Q

is a position in society which individuals gain through their own efforts, rather than being born into it.

A

Achieved Status

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27
Q

is a position in society which is the result of a fixed characteristic given at birth, such as gender or social class.

A

Ascribed Status

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28
Q

A behavior expected of someone who holds a particular status

A

Roles

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29
Q

arises when conflicting expectations are built into a single status.

A

Role Strain

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30
Q

occurs when conflicting expectations arise from two or more statuses.

A

Role Conflict

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31
Q

The anticipated behavior to follow

A

Conformity

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32
Q

Compliance with standards, rules, or laws

A

Conformity

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33
Q

Behavior in accordance with socially accepted conventions or standards.

A

Conformity

34
Q

Two Types of Conformity:

A
  • Normative Social Influence
  • Informational Social Influence
35
Q

Normative Social Influence

A

Compliance

36
Q

conforming with the majority, in spite of not really agreeing with them; public acceptance, but private refusal. This is often done through the desire to be liked. This change in behaviour is most often only temporary.

A

Compliance

37
Q

• Yielding to group pressure because a person wants to fit in with the group.
• Conforming because the person is scared of being rejected by the group.

A

NORMATIVE SOCIAL INFLUENCE

38
Q

Informational Social Influence

A

Internalisation

39
Q

conforming with the majority because you have accepted their point of view, both publically and privately. This is often done through the desire to be correct. This change in behaviour is often permanent.

A

Internalisation

40
Q

• People frequently follow health practices recommended by experts or those followed by the majority, such as wearing masks during a pandemic.
• During times of uncertainty, many investors follow market trends or take advice from market experts.
• People often form opinions about current events or trending topics based on what they read or hear from others on social media or news outlets.
• People often rely on product reviews before making a purchase.

A

INFORMATIONAL SOCIAL INFLUENCE

41
Q

is behavior that goes against the accepted norms or rules of a society.

A

Deviance

42
Q

a person who breaks significant societal or group norms by committing an act of deviance is known as a ______.

A

Deviant

43
Q

Two Types of Deviance:

A

• Positive Deviance
• Negative Deviance

44
Q

It refers to behavior that is outside the norm but later viewed as appropriate or even heroic; over conformity to the norms.

A

Positive Deviance

45
Q

It leads to beneficial outcomes.

A

Positive Deviance

46
Q

Example:
Before, women were not allowed to vote and take part in politics. The 1935 Constitution only allowed male Filipino citizens aged 21 or older to vote.Women had to fight, and continue to fight, for their place.

A

Positive Deviance

47
Q

It refers to behaviors or actions that violate societal norms in harmful or undesirable ways.

A

Negative Deviance

48
Q

It leads to negative impacts.

A

Negative Deviance

49
Q

Example:

Cheating in School: A student who cheats on exams or assignments violates academic integrity, which undermines trust and the learning process.

Shoplifting: A person who steals from stores violates societal norms and laws, leading to consequences for both the individual and the business affected.

A

Negative Deviance

50
Q

Two Forms of Negative Deviance

A
  • Formal Deviance
  • Informal Deviance
51
Q

It is typically associated with behavior that violates laws or regulations, which generally has negative
implications.

A

Formal Deviance

52
Q

It has fewer consequences and may
not cause serious harm to the victims. While considered offensive, they may not earn any severe punishment.

A

Informal Deviance

53
Q

It refers to behaviors that violate social norms but are not necessarily illegal.

A

Informal Deviance

54
Q

It explains how society’s emphasis on certain cultural goals and the acceptable means to achieve them can lead to deviance.

A

Robert Merton’s Structural Strain Theory

55
Q

Merton’s Strain Theory (Mode)

A
  • Conformity
  • Innovation
  • Ritualism
  • Retreatism
  • Rebellion
56
Q

Accepts approved goals, pursues them through approved means.

A

Conformity

57
Q

Accepts approved goals; uses disappoved means.

A

Innovation

58
Q

Abandon’s society’s goals; conforms to approved means.

A

Ritualism

59
Q

Abandon approved goals and approved means.

A

Retreatism

60
Q

Challenges approved goals and approved means.

A

Rebellion

61
Q

The Four Categories

A
  • Innovators
  • Ritualists
  • Retreatists
  • Rebels
62
Q

Agree with the goals society set, but does not agree with society’s approved way to attain them. Works towards those goals by alternate methods.

A

Innovators

63
Q

Have given up hope to meet the goals society sets, but keep on acting as if they are trying to.

A

Ritualists (Example: Milton from Office Space)

64
Q

Do not agree with either the society’s goals or the means in which they try to attain them. Does not conform to society’s norms at all.

A

Retreatists

65
Q

Do not agree with either the society’s goals or the means in which the try to attain them. Instead, they work towards different goals by different means.

A

Rebels (Example: Che Guevara - Argentine Marxist Revolutionary)

66
Q
  • accepting both goals the cultural
    means and the of achieving them.
A

CONFORMITY

67
Q

Example:
A student who strives to achieve academic success by
studying hard, attending classes regularly, and following the rules set by their school. Despite facing challenges, such as difficult coursework or peer pressure, the student remains committed to their goal of graduating with good grades and obtaining a college scholarship.

A

Conformity

68
Q
  • accepting cultural goals means rejecting or altering the but to achieve them.
A

INNOVATION

69
Q

Example:
An individual who feels pressure to achieve financial success but
lacks access to legitimate means, such as education or job opportunities. Instead of conforming to societal expectations, they decide to engage in illegal activities, such as selling drugs or committing fraud, to achieve their financial goals.

A

Innovation

70
Q
  • abandoning the goals but still rigidly adhering to the means.
A

RITUALISM

71
Q

Example:
A worker who remains at a job for many years, consistently following all
the rules and procedures, but has given up on the idea of promotion or career advancement. This person goes through the motions of their work, such as completing tasks and adhering to company policies, without any real hope of achieving the cultural goal of upward mobility or success.

A

Ritualism

72
Q
  • rejecting both the goals and the means
A

RETREATISM

73
Q

Example:
An individual who, feeling alienated and unable to achieve
societal goals like success or acceptance, turns to substance abuse. This person withdraws from society, rejecting both the cultural goals of success and the means to achieve them, such as education or employment.

A

Retreatism

74
Q
  • rejecting both the established goals and means and advocating for alternative ones.
A

REBELLION

75
Q

Example:
A group of high school students who decide to wear
unconventional clothing — like bright colors and mismatched styles — despite the school dress code. They want to express their individuality and challenge the rules they see as too strict, rejecting the norms of how students are expected to dress.

A

Rebellion

76
Q
  • To promote conformity to the norms and make life less unpredictable and chaotic, we use Social Controls.
A

Social Control

77
Q

Types of Social Control

A
  • Internal Social Control
  • External Social Control
78
Q
  • These are the controls that are inside us that we learn during socialization.
    Example:
    Not stealing because you know it’s wrong.
A

Internal Social Control

79
Q
  • These are controls based on sanctions (rewards and/or punishments) to encourage desired behavior.
    Example:
    Not stealing because you don’t want to get arrested for shoplifting.
A

External Social Control

80
Q

Types of Status

A
  • Achieved and Ascribed
81
Q

Types of Roles

A
  • Role Strain
  • Role Conflict

UCSP (2 decks)

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