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QUIZ Flashcards

1
Q

Changes or development in cultures from a simple form to a more complex form of human culture.

A

CULTURAL EVOLUTION

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2
Q

human adaptation

A

climate changes, population increase

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3
Q

refers to the idea that certain cultural traits, practices, beliefs, or behaviors are “selected” and preserved over time, while others disappear or are modified.

A

Law of Cultural Selection

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4
Q

shapes how groups adopt or abandon customs, technologies, and ideas based on their usefulness, adaptability, or social relevance.

A

Law of Cultural Selection

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5
Q

Types of Law of Cultural Selection

A

Transmission of Cultural Traits, Variation, Selection, Innovation, Cumulative Nature, Cultural Drift

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6
Q

Culture is passed from one generation to the next through teaching, imitation, and communication. This includes language, customs, technology, and social norms.

A

Transmission of Cultural Traits

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7
Q

Cultural traits can vary between individuals and groups. These variations can be influenced by geography, historical events, environmental changes, and interactions with other cultures.

A

Variation

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8
Q

Certain cultural practices may become more widespread or dominant because they offer some advantage (such as improving survival or social cohesion), while others may fade away over time.

A

Selection

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9
Q

Cultural evolution also involves the creation of new ideas, practices, or technologies, which can be adopted by others and become part of the cultural fabric.

A

Innovation

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10
Q

Culture evolves cumulatively, meaning that new innovations build upon previous knowledge. Over time, this can lead to increasingly complex cultural systems, technologies, and social structures.

A

Cumulative Nature

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11
Q

Cultural traits can change or be lost over time due to random chance, especially in small, isolated groups.

A

Cultural Drift

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12
Q

Evolution in physical attributes

A

Biological Evolution
Example: Charle’s Darwin Theory

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13
Q

old stone age

A

Paleolithic Era

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14
Q

new stone age

A

Neolithic Era

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15
Q

Gender Roles

A

man - hunting
woman - gathering

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16
Q

NPA

A

No permanent address

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17
Q

no permanent address

A

nomads

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18
Q

bricks and stones

A

Catal Huyuk

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19
Q

These traditional homes, built by the Ivatan people, are designed to withstand the region’s extreme weather, particularly the frequent and powerful typhoons that pass through the area.

A

IVATAN STORM - RESISTANT HOUSES IN BATANES

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20
Q

These traditional homes, built by the Ivatan people, are designed to withstand the region’s extreme weather, particularly the frequent and powerful typhoons that pass through the area.

A

IVATAN STORM - RESISTANT HOUSES IN BATANES

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21
Q

Japanese earthquake-resistant houses, also known as seismic- resistant structures, reflect Japan’s advanced approach to building homes that can withstand frequent earthquakes. Japan experiences frequent seismic activity, which has led to the development of architectural and engineering innovations aimed at minimizing damage during earthquakes.

A

JAPANESE EARTHQUAKE - RESISTANT HOUSES

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22
Q

Japanese Earthquake - Resistant Houses is also known as

A

seismic - resistant structures

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23
Q

Different Types of Societies

A

• Hunting and Gathering
• Horticultural and Pastoral
• Agricultural
• Industrial
• Post-Industrial

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24
Q

The earliest form of human social organization, characterized by small groups of people who rely on the natural environment for their survival.

A

Hunting and Gathering

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25
Q

These societies obtain food through hunting wild animals and gathering edible plants, fruits, and nuts, rather than farming or producing food.

A

Hunting and Gathering

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26
Q

This way of life was the primary mode of survival for humans for the vast majority of our history.

A

Hunting and Gathering

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27
Q

Characteristics of Hunting and Gathering

A

oldest and most basic, simple tools, men: hunting, women: gathering, nomadic, caves as shelters, small groups with 20 to 30 members, shamans/priests as leaders

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28
Q

grow their food by planting crops in small, garden-like plots. This marks a step toward more settled lifestyles and the early development of agriculture, though horticulture is less intensive than large-scale farming.

A

Horticultural Society

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29
Q

grow their food by planting crops in small, garden-like plots. This marks a step toward more settled lifestyles and the early development of agriculture, though horticulture is less intensive than large-scale farming.

A

Horticultural Society

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30
Q

are centered around the herding and domestication of animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, or camels. These societies are more mobile, as they move with their herds in search of grazing land and water.

A

Pastoral Society

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31
Q

Horticultural and Pastoral Societies

A

semi sedentary, small scale farming, use of hoes and digging sticks, surplus of food, crafts and trading, domestication of animals, unequal social relations, ruling elite

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32
Q

excess resources

A

surplus

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33
Q

excess resources

A

surplus

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34
Q

mongolia

A

mongol

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35
Q

pastoral

A

herder

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36
Q

is primarily concerned with the large-scale cultivation of crops and the rearing of animals for human consumption.

A

Agricultural Society

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37
Q

5000 years ago

A

Agricultural Societies

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38
Q

5000 years ago

A

Agricultural Societies

39
Q

Agricultural Societies

A
  • farming and domestication of animals
  • wheat, barley, peas, rice and millet (8000 and 3500 BCE)
  • Economic subsistence
    led to the Neolithic Revolution
40
Q

Economic subsistence
led to the

A

Neolithic Revolution

41
Q

cleared fields and fertilized soil but meant that communities had to move every couple of years

A

Slash-and-burn farming

42
Q

provided a reliable food source and a source of power for plowing

A

Domestication of animals (such as cattle, pigs, and horses)

43
Q

based their entire way of life on the domestican of some animals such as camels and sheep

A

Pastoral nomads (herders)

44
Q

Neolithic (Agricultural) Revolution

A

-increased in population
-permanent settlement
-improved technology in farming
-specialization
-social inequality
-money replaced the barter system

45
Q
  • formal education
  • complex social systems
  • advanced form of technology
  • industrialization
  • economic interdependence/trade
    -centralized workplaces
A

Industrial Societies

46
Q
  • information technology
  • computers and electronic devices
  • access to information & technology
A

Post-Industrial Societies

47
Q
  • information technology
  • computers and electronic devices
  • access to information & technology
A

Post-Industrial Societies

48
Q

Transfer of labor workforce from manufacturing to service

A

Post Industrial Society

49
Q

Increase in number of professional and technical employment and decline of skilled and semi-semiskilled workers

A

Post Industrial Society

50
Q

Increase in number of professional and technical employment and decline of skilled and semi-semiskilled workers

A

Post Industrial Society

51
Q

Education as the basis of social mobility

A

Post Industrial Society

52
Q

Education as the basis of social mobility

A

Post Industrial Society

53
Q

Human capital as an essential aspect of understanding the strength of society

A

Post Industrial Society

54
Q

Ancient Civilizations

A

• Mesopotamia Civilization
• Indus Civilization
• Egyptian
Civilization
• Shang Civilization

55
Q
  • Earliest known civilization in the world and referred to as the “Cradle of Civilization”
A

Sumerian Civilization

56
Q

an ancient Mesopotamian temple tower consisting of a lofty pyramidal structure built in successive stages with outside staircases and a shrine at the top.

A

ziggurat

57
Q

base sixty (60) system

A

advance mathematics

58
Q

7 days a week

A

sumerian civilization

59
Q

first writing system, clay tablets,

A

cuneiform

60
Q

first writing system, clay tablets,

A

cuneiform

61
Q

justice system, laws of mesopotamia

A

code of hammurabi

62
Q

Sumerian Civilization river valley

A

Tigris and Euphrates River

63
Q

Indus Civilization river valley

A

Indus River Valley

64
Q

was an ancient city of the Indus Valley Civilization (c. 7000–600 B.C.E.) that settled along the Indus River in modern- day Pakistan. Founded in about 2500 B.C.E., Mohenjo-Daro was one of two major urban centers of the Indus Valley Ci

A

Mohenjo Daro

65
Q

writing system in indus civilization

A

Harappa

66
Q

Harappa

A

Harrapa Script, Right-Left, Pictures & Symbols

67
Q

were used in a process of divination. Diviners engraved questions on the bones, drilled holes in a particular sequence, then subjected the bones to heat until cracks appeared.

A

Oracle Bones

68
Q

first documented chinese dynasty

A

Shang Civilization

69
Q

located at the yellow river/huang ho

A

Shang Civilization

70
Q

first emperor of Shang Dynasty

A

Qi Shi Huang

71
Q

serves as symbolic guards

A

Terracotta Soldiers

72
Q

is the largest Egyptian pyramid and served as the tomb of pharaoh Khufu, who ruled during the Fourth Dynasty of the Old Kingdom.

A

The Great Pyramid of Giza

73
Q

where is nile river located

A

egypt

74
Q

Egyptian Civilization river valley

A

Nile River

75
Q

Egypt Modern Day

A

Syria & Sudan

76
Q

ruler/leader in Egypt

A

Pharaoh

77
Q

ruler/leader in Egypt

A

Pharaoh

78
Q

pharaoh is also known as

A

great house in ancient egypt

79
Q

divine connection and protector

A

Pharaoh

80
Q

others contribution of Egyptian Civilization

A
  • Mummification
  • Measurement Mathematics - Cubit
  • Solar Calendar - 365 Days
81
Q

Characteristics Of Civilization

A

• Urban Development
• Organized Government • Complex Religion
• Writing System
• Arts and Architectures
• Social Structure
• Specialized Labor
• Technological Advancement

82
Q

Where the mesopotamian love

A

Sumer

83
Q

People that colonized Sumer Civilization

A
  • Akkadian
  • Assurian
  • Babylonian
84
Q

Oldest known epic literary works

A

Epic of Gulgamesh

85
Q

There is no social class, People are equal

A

Egalitarian Society

86
Q

Cities are the heart of any civilization, serving as centers for trade, culture, administration, and social interaction. They tend to have a high population density compared to rural areas.

A

Urban Development

87
Q

Civilizations have centralized forms of government that organize and regulate the population. Governments were often monarchies, theocracies, or empires, where kings, emperors, or priest-kings wielded power.

A

Organized Government

88
Q

Religions in civilizations are usually institutionalized and complex, involving deities, temples, rituals, and priestly classes. It also served as a means of social cohesion and political control, often intertwining with government.

A

Complex Religion

89
Q

Civilizations developed writing systems to record information, manage economic transactions, and preserve cultural and religious texts. Laws, trade transactions, and governmental decrees were recorded, enabling long-term planning and the accumulation of knowledge.

A

Writing System

90
Q

Civilizations are often marked by significant achievements in art and architecture, which reflect cultural values, religious beliefs, and political power.

A

Arts and Architectures

91
Q

Social classes reflect differing access to power, wealth, and privilege. This class-based system often reinforced social roles, with the upper classes controlling land, resources, and influence.

A

Social Structure

92
Q

As civilizations grow, they develop specialized labor beyond basic agricultural and survival activities. This division of labor allowed for technological and cultural advancements since not everyone had to focus on food production.

A

Specialized Labor

93
Q

Technological innovation is a hallmark of civilizations, often related to agriculture, construction, transportation, and warfare.

A

Technological Advancement

UCSP (2 decks)

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