finals Flashcards
Treaty of Versailles: Impact On Germany:
-Took the blame for the war
-Had to pay reparations
-Had to reduce their Army and Navy
-Lost their colonies
-Desire for revenge
Treaty of Versailles: Impact On militarism:
-Militarism of the Rhineland by Hitler (open troop movement on the border of France)
-German Rearmament
Treaty of Versailles: Impact On alliances:
-Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact
-Tripartite pact
Treaty of Versailles: Impact On Nationalism:
TofV humiliated the German people so they wanted revenge, they listened to Hitler and his call for nationalism
Treaty of Versailles: Impact On Imperialism:
-Germany lost all their colonies
-Germany and Italy were not given promised colonies
-Invasion of Manchuria by Japan for Raw materials
-Mussolini’s takeover of Ethiopia
Treaty of Versailles: Impact On Appeasement:
-GB and France were not prepared for another war
-GB and France ultimately felt bad about the treaty so it allowed Italy, Japan, and Germany to violate it
Weimar Republic (type of government, problems)
-Republic,
-Reichstag, President, and Chancellor
Problems:
-Hyperinflation
-Large number of Political Parties
-Lack of democratic traditions
Hyperinflation causes
-Germany stopped repayment of the war reparations
-French and Belgium troops invaded the Ruhr Valley
-German government ordered their people to go on strike
-German government printed money which resulted in devaluation of the currency
Hyperinflation Effects
-Restaurants could not print prices on the menu
-bartering was common
-mass homelessness
-pensions became worthless
-people were paid by the hour
-savings were wiped out
Rise of Hitler and Mussolini
-Their parties are voted into office
-They win elections granting them more seats
-Once they have the majority of seats, they change the constitution to grant them dictator powers
Mein Kampf
-Written by Hitler in jail
-Details his ideology and anti-sematic beliefs
Aspects of a dictator
-Wanted to take over other countries
-Absolute power
-Take away the citizens power
-Sometimes control the economy
General rise of dictators to power
-Spread propaganda
-Attacked any who opposed
-Rigged elections
-Poor economy
-Weak previous leadership
-Promote nationalism
-Fear of other political parties gaining power
Appeasement
Giving into an aggressor to keep peace
Japan’s aggression towards China
LofN did nothing when Japan invaded Manchuria
German occupation of the Rhineland
LofN did nothing when Hitler militarized the Rhineland
Neville Chamberlain
Led the Munich Conference
Munich Conference
Gave Hitler the Rhineland in exchange for Hitler no longer invading other countries
WWII: causes of militarism
-Invasion of Manchuria
-German Rearmament of the Rhineland
-Militarism of the Rhineland by Hitler (open troop movement on the border of France)
-Hitlers invasion of Austria, Sudenland, Czechoslovakia, Poland
WWII: causes of alliances
-Germany and Italy supported Franco in the Spanish civil war
-Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact
-Tripartite pact (axis powers)
WWII: causes of nationalism
-Hitler took over Austria because he viewed them as German
-Hitler took over the Sudenland because of its large German speaking population
WWII: causes of Imperialism
-Invasion of Manchuria by Japan for Raw materials (GB was ok with it because they did not want Japan to go after their colonies)
-Mussolini’s takeover of Ethiopia
WWII: causes of appeasement
-LofN did nothing when Japan invaded Manchuria
-LofN was ignored when italy invaded Ethiopia
-LofN did nothing when Hitler militarized the Rhineland
-Munich Conference gave Hitler the Rhineland
Blitzkrieg
-lightning war
-sent in planes and paratroopers followed by tanks and troops
Charles de Gaulle
French General who led the resistance movement from London
Miracle of Dunkirk
-Germany trapped British and French troops in Dunkirk
-While the troops were waiting for evacuation, they were being bombed by the German planes
-British sent an improvised armada to rescue their troops
Winston Churchill
-The Prime Minister of GB during WWII
-Came to power when Neville Chamberlain failed with appeasement at the Munich Conference
Battle of Britain
German Plan:
-cut off supplies and fight in the air
-crush morale by bombing important cities
Churchill’s strategy:
-increase planes
-use radar
How the British prepared
-increased plane production
-blackouts
-street signs were changed
-shelter in subway stations
-children sent to the countryside for safety
-gas masks
-propaganda (keep calm and carry on)
Operation Barbarossa
-Germany’s code name for the invasion of Russia
-violated the Nazi-Soviet non Aggression pact
Why did Hitler invade Russia:
-because Hitler had failed at taking GB
-wanted to expand in the East
-hated communist who he thought were Jewish
-he thought Slavic people were sub-human
Russian Strategy: Scorched Earth Policy
Stalingrad
-German surrounded the city, and Russians surrounded the Germans
-Germans surrendered because he had no food, ammunition, and was trapped
Franklin Roosevelt
-President of the US during most of WWII
-Asked congress to declare war on Japan due to their attack on Pearl Harbor
-infamy
D-Day
-Allied bomber flew constant missions over Germany
-Paratroopers were dropped behind enemy lines
-Germany thought the landing would be somewhere else, Hitler was sleeping, German general was at his wife’s birthday
-significance: Allied troops back in France and now Germany was on defense with a 2 front war (Russia, France)
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Supreme allied commander who planned D-Day
U.S. use of the atomic bomb
-Would end the war quickly
-Dropped twice before Japan surrendered
Kristallnacht
-Night of broken glass
-Germans attacked Jewish towns
-caused by a murder of a German by a Jew
-Significance: government sanctioned violence against the Jews
-Nazi’s then started to send them to concentration camps
Genocide
Mass extinction of a certain group
Nuremberg Laws of 1935
-It was a way to legally put anti-semitism into law
Politically: Jews could not display the German flag
or vote
Economically: Jews could not work for the government
or do medicine, law, entertainment, accountants
Socially: Jews could not marry Germans
-employ young German women
-were restricted from German universities
Ghettos
-an area of a city occupied by a minority group
-Warsaw ghetto was the largest during the holocaust
Acts against the Jews by the Nazis
-mass burials
-starvation
-gas chambers
-torture
-experiments
-theft of possessions
-separation of families
-mass murder
Final Solution to holocaust
German plan to murder all Jews of Europe and those they consider inferior
Nuremberg Trials—significance, defense
-Trials against the nazis after the end of WWII
-Significance: first ever trial in history that charged people with war crimes
Defense:
-ex post facto law (it wasn’t a crime when they committed it)
-ordered to do it
-trials violated national sovereignty
-mental illness
-victors justice
